• International Journal of Contents
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2016

An agent-centric event planning method is proposed for providing pedagogical experiences in an immersed environment. Two-level planning is required at in a macro-level (i.e., inter-event level) and an intra-event level to provide realistic experiences with the objective of learning declarative knowledge. The inter-event (horizontal) planning is based on search, while intra-event (vertical) planning is based on hierarchical decomposition. The horizontal search is dictated by several realistic types of association between events besides the conventional causality. The resulting schematic plan is further augmented by conditions associated with those agents cast into the roles of the events identified in the plan. Rather than following a main story plot, all the events potentially relevant to accomplishing an initial goal are derived in the final result of our planning. These derived events may progress concurrently or digress toward a new main goal replacing the current goal or event, and the plan could be merged or fragmented according to their respective lead agents' intentions and other conditions. The macro-level coherence across interconnected events is established via their common background world existing a priori. As the pivotal source of event concurrency and intricacy, agents are modeled to not only be autonomous but also independent, i.e., entities with their own beliefs and goals (and subsequent plans) in their respective parts of the world. Additional problems our method addresses for augmenting pedagogical experiences include casting of agents into roles based on their availability, subcontracting of subsidiary events, and failure of multi-agent event entailing fragmentation of a plan. The described planning method was demonstrated by monitoring implementation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose adoption of QFD and Stage-gate in order to analyze the quality of korea defense system. Methods: Drawing change data of initial production phase in korea defense system were anlayzed and a practical method was proposed. Results: The results of this study are as follows; Off line Quality Control should be introduced in development phase. Specially, in case of defense system, the best method is QFD(Quality Function Deployment) and Stage-gate process. At first, QFD 1 step defines product planning from VOC(Voice Of Customer), QFD 2 step specifies part planning from product planning, QFD 3 step defines process planning from part planning, QFD 4 step defines production planning from previous process planning. Secondly, Stage-gate process is adopted. This study is proposed 5 stage-gate in case of korea defense development. Gate 1 is located after SFR(System Function Review), Gate 2 is located after PDR(Preliminary Design Review), Gate 3 is located after CDR(Critical Design Review), Gate 4 is located after TRR(Test Readiness Review) and Gate 5 is located before specification documentation submission. Conclusion: Off line QC(Quality Control) in development phase is necessary prior to on line QC(Quality Control) in p roduction phase. For the purpose of off line quality control, QFD(Quality Function Deployment) and Stage-gate process can be adopted.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

Urban architecture density is getting higher, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. Therefore, skyscrapers are being brought into relief as future alternative architecture beyond symbolic meaning in the aspect of demand and supply of urban space. However, skyscrapers which were newly built have many problems such as consumption of enormous amounts of energy, destruction of natural environment, and traffic jam. For this reason, environment-friendly skyscrapers based on the concept such as Green Building and Green Skyscraper started to be built around the world. However, plans or evaluation standards, which take account of the environment-friendly aspect of skyscrapers, leave much to be desired. And especially it is hard to find environment-friendly skyscrapers. Therefore, this study aims to establish the concept of environment-friendly skyscrapers that has not properly been defined, and to find realistic planning methods and practical alternatives through the analysis of the works that have brilliant ideas about environment-friendly architectural method. From the perspective of architectural planning, we did case analysis focused on site planning, form planning, elevation and floor planning, and tried to give useful ideas for high-rise architectural planning in Korea by finding practical solution focused on the active use of natural energy, saving resources, the reduction of wastes, natural architectural environment design and natural friendly system from the view of environment-friendly technological analysis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.2 s.24
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

The Purpose of cost Planning at the early Phase of construction Projects is to provide the clients with the appropriate cost information during the design decision-making process. Therefore, the cost planning process is expected not only to predict projects' cost accurately but also closely to coordinate with the design decision-making activities. This paper proposes a new cost planning method for the effective and efficient directions relating a design decision-making process. Strategies for this method are i ) to utilize elemental cost breakdown system, and ii ) to apply probabilistic distribution theories. Based on these strategic direction, this paper proposed a probabilistic cost planning model for high-rise office building projects. The suggested model provides appropriate cost information to meet clients limited budget and various project' requirements during the design decision-making process. This study is based on probabilistic distribution variables theories and the range estimating technique. This study also develops a web-based software program in order to apply the proposed cost planning model effectively in high-rise of office building construction practices.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2009

Because of the reduced product life-cycle, industries are making an effort to bring down the process planning time. In the traditional approach, we have to analyze established process planning, then design the time chart based on process information and drawing the formal time chart such as SOP(sequence of operation). Thereafter, it will be converted to PLC code that is a time consuming and redundant job. Similarly, Industrial automated process uses PLC Code to control the factory; however, control information and control code(PLC code) are difficult to understand. Hence, industries prefer writing new control code instead of using the existing one. It shows the lack of information reusability in the existing process planning. As a result, to reduce this redundancy and lack of reusability, we propose SOS-Net modeling method. Unlike past stabilized process planning that is rigid to any change; our proposed SOS-Net modeling method is more adaptable to the new changes. The SOS-Net model is easy to understand and easy to convert into PLC Code accordingly. Therefore, we can easily modify the control information and reuse it for new process planning. The proposed model plays an intermediary role between process planning and PLC code generation. It can reduce the process planning and implementation time as well as cost.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.540-549
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• 2018

This paper proposes the method of active distribution network expansion planning considering distributed generation integration and distribution network reconfiguration. The distribution network reconfiguration is taken as the expansion planning alternative with zero investment cost of the branches. During the process of the reconfiguration in expansion planning, all the branches are taken as the alternative branches. The objective is to minimize the total costs of the distribution network in the planning period. The expansion alternatives such as active management, new lines, new substations, substation expansion and Distributed Generation (DG) installation are considered. Distribution network reconfiguration is a complex mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, with integration of DGs and active managements, the active distribution network expansion planning considering distribution network reconfiguration becomes much more complex. This paper converts the dual-level expansion model to Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) model, which can be solved with commercial solver GUROBI. The proposed model and method are tested on the modified IEEE 33-bus system and Portugal 54-bus system.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2022

With the advancement of intelligent vehicles and unmanned systems, there is a growing interest in underwater surveys using autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs). This study presents an automated planning strategy for a long-term survey mission using a fleet of AMVs consisting of autonomous surface vehicles and autonomous underwater vehicles. Due to the complex nature of the mission, the actions of the vehicle must be of high-level abstraction, which means that the actions indicate not only motion of the vehicle but also symbols and semantics, such as those corresponding to deploy, charge, and survey. For automated planning, the planning domain definition language (PDDL) was employed to construct a mission planner for realizing a powerful and flexible planning system. Despite being able to handle abstract actions, such high-level planners have difficulty in efficiently optimizing numerical objectives such as obtaining the shortest route given multiple destinations. To alleviate this issue, a widely known technique in operations research was additionally employed, which limited the solution space so that the high-level planner could devise efficient plans. For a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed method, various PDDL-based planners with different parameter settings were implemented, and their performances were compared through simulation. The simulation result shows that the proposed method outperformed the baseline solutions by yielding plans that completed the missions more quickly, thereby demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed methodology.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2015

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) ranges from design concepts of products to disposal. In this paper, we focus on the production planning phase in PLM, which is related to process planning and production scheduling and so on. In this study, key decisions for the creation of production plans are defined as production-planning attributes. Production-planning attributes correlate complexly in production-planning problems. Traditionally, the production-planning problem splits sub-problems based on experiences, because of the complexity. In addition, the orders in which to solve each sub-problem are determined by priorities between sub-problems. However, such approaches make solution space over-restricted and make it difficult to find a better solution. We have proposed a representation of combinations of alternatives in production-planning attributes by using Zero-Suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams. The ZDD represents only feasible combinations of alternatives that satisfy constraints in the production planning. Moreover, we have developed a solution search method that solves production-planning problems with ZDDs. In this paper, we propose an approach for managing solution candidates by ZDDs' network for addressing larger production-planning problems. The network can be created by linkages of ZDDs that express constraints in individual sub-problems and between sub-problems. The benefit of this approach is that it represents solution space, satisfying whole constraints in the production planning. This case study shows that the validity of the proposed approach.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.585-592
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• 1989

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for the reactive planning of transmission network under normal operating conditions. The optimal operation of a power system is a prerequisite to obtain the optimal investment planning. The operation problem is decomposed into a P-optimization module and a Q-optimization module, but both modules use the same objective function of generation cost. In the investment problem, a new variable decomposition technique is adopted which can operate the operation and the investment variables. The optimization problem is solved by using the gradient projection method (GPM).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.279-282
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• 1996

Collision avoidance is a method to direct a mobile robot without collision when traversing the environment. This kind of navigation is to reach a destination without getting lost. In this paper, we use a genetic algorithm for the path planning and collision avoidance. Genetic algorithm searches for path in the entire, continuous free space and unifies global path planning and local path planning. It is a efficient and effective method when compared with traditional collision avoidance algorithm.