• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1716-1729
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• 2010

In this paper, we deal with a hierarchical ring-mesh optical network design problem. The objective is to minimize the total cost of optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) handling intra-ring traffic, optical cross-connects (OXCs) handling inter-ring traffic, and cabling cost among OADMs and among OXCs, while satisfying intra-ring and inter-ring capacities. We develop an integer programming (IP) formulation for the problem and devise some cutting planes that partially break the symmetry of rings. Dealing with the inherent computational complexity of the problem, we devise an effective heuristic procedure that finds a good quality feasible solution within reasonable computing times. Computational results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed solution procedure; the developed symmetry breaking inequalities significantly reduce the computing time to find an optimal solution for small size problems, and the heuristic procedure finds a better feasible solution than that CPLEX, a commercial optimization software, finds for large size problems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.167-171
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• 1995

The orientation dependence of sputtering rate in the sendust polysrystalline targets was studied, It was fount from the present work that the erosion process is not uniform from one grain to another even within a target because of its polysrystalline nature showing many different orientation of grains. The grains oriented to promote efficient erosion were characterized by the close-packed planes which have large interplanar spacing and strong binding energy, The characteristic line patterns appeared on as-sputter target surface are discussed in terms of symmetry of crystllographic planes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04b
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• pp.187-191
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• 1995

An experimental study to analyze thd hot extrusion processes of regular square section through square dies is carried out by using plasticine as a model material at room temperature. The experimental setup for the extrusion of squared section from round billets through square dies is designed and manufactured. In order to visullize the plastic flow in the extrusion process the technique of gridding on the planes of the sysmmetries and a stacking the desks with different colors are employed. Velocity fields on the symmetry planes are obtained by using grid distortion.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1449-1460
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• 2021

In this paper, we consider the following nonlocal fractional Laplacian equation with a singular nonlinearity (-∆)^su(x) = λu^β (x) + a₀u^-γ (x), x ∈ ℝⁿ, where 0 < s < 1, γ > 0, $1<{\beta}{\leq}\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}$, λ > 0 are constants and a₀ ≥ 0. We use a direct method of moving planes which introduced by Chen-Li-Li to prove that positive solutions u(x) must be radially symmetric and monotone increasing about some point in ℝⁿ.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.325.2-325
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• 2002

A new methodology is presented for the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration absorber for an elastically suspended rigid body with the planes of symmetry in general motion. Unlike the common single degree-of-freedom vibration absorber, the presented methodology makes use of both linear and rotational properties of the absorber. It is suggested that an absorber is designed separately for the in-plane and out-of-plane axes of vibration and combined the two cases for a six-degree-of-freedom absorber. (omitted)

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.3 s.122
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• pp.182-191
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• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of midsagittal reference (MSR) planes constructed in maxillofacial 3D images. Methods: Maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) images were obtained in 36 normal occlusion individuals who did not have apparent facial asymmetry, and 3D images were reconstructed using a computer software. Six MSR planes (Cg-ANS-Ba, Cg-ANS-Op, Cg-PNS-Ba, Cg-PNS-OP, FH${\perp}$(Cg, Ba), FH${\perp}$(Cg, Op)) were constructed using the landmarks located in the midsagittal area of the maxillofacial structure, such as Cg, ANS, PNS, Ba and Op, and FH plane constructed with Po and Or. The six pairs of landmarks (Z, Fr, Fs, Zy, Mx, Ms), which represent right and left symmetry in the maxillofacial structure, were selected. Statistically significant differences of the right and the left measurements were examined through t-test, and the difference of the right and the left measurement was compared among the six MSR planes. Results: The distances from the right and the left landmarks in each pair to each MSR plane did not show a statistically significant difference. The reproducibility of the landmark identification was excellent. Conclusion: All the six planes constructed in this study can be used as a MSR plane in maxillofacial 3D analysis, particularly, the planes including Cg and ANS.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.531-546
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to comparatively examine techniques and expressive characteristics of batik by focusing on the work of DanZhai and that of ZhenNing Buyi. We collected 50 pieces of batik each from Miao and Buyi in Chinese GuiZhouSheng and then analyzed their colors and patterns. The findings show that most of Miao's batik had deep and soft tones, while that of Buyi most often had blackish tone since the number of dyes in the latter is higher than that in the former. Miao often used patterns expressing animals or animals and plants, while Buyi frequently used geometric ones. An examination of specific motifs demonstrated that butterflies, fish, and flowers were most often used by Miao, while dots, vortexes, lines, and lozenges were frequently utilized by Buyi. For expressive techniques, both Miao and Buyi commonly used simple stylized expression or complex expression combining stylized and geometric techniques. Maio's motifs were often decoratively expressed with delicate curves, while Buyi's motifs had simple structures, so pictures were neatly expressed with thick lines and wide and simple planes. For the composition of the motifs, incomplete symmetry between top and bottom and between left and right often appeared in Maio, while in Buyi complete symmetry was frequently shown.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1992

Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the structure of GaAs ${\Sigma}=19$, [110] tilt grain boundaries. Relative positions of Ga and As atoms in each grain on either side of the boundaries were determined by examining the dynamical coupling between HOLZ reflections and(200) beams. No inversion symmetry was present across the boundaries. These boundaries were observed to have a strong tendency to lie parallel to {331} planes. The atomic structure and lattice translation at these boundaries was studied in detail by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM). The boundary consists of units of 5-, 7-, and two 6-member rings.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to classify three-Kan hipped and gable-roofed Buddhist temples with the construction of their eave curve of part chunyeo and examine the characteristics and causes. The conclusions have been drawn as follows: First, there are largely three ways to secure symmetry in eave curve of part chunyeo. One is to obtain symmetry in eave curve of part chunyeo by making the size of eaves curves on well sides the same and forming symmetric curves in the front section along with the side roof and then forming the straight line in the central part (hereinafter referred to as the long straight line section method). The second is a method to enlarge eaves curves in the front and form eaves curves on the roof section to be symmetric (hereinafter referred to as the front is larger than side eaves curves method). The third is the method to make eaves curves in the roof section to be symmetric by adjusting the roof length and making difference between the front and side roof's length minimum (hereinafter referred to as the roof length-controlling method). Second, there are 16 cases applying two or more methods, and they are the mainstream. Third, there are 12 cases applying the front is larger than side eaves curve method and roof length-controlling method both, which seems to be the most universal. To sum up, they secured symmetry in roof edges considering the construction of seonjayeon and pyeongyeon according to the size of the structure, recognition on the directions of entrance into the area of the building, forms of planes, harmony with structures around, recognition on roof curves in accordance with the size, and also structural faults in the chunyeo part.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2000

The group-theoretical approach analyzing the domain structure and the domain wall orientations of the ferroelastic crystal was introduced. These theoretical results were investigated by comparing them with the experimental results of several ferroelastic crystals, CsPbCl₃, Pb₃(PO₄)₂, and LiCsSO₄, which were grown by the Czochralski and solution methods, respectively. both results were agreed well and also consistent with those of previous works such s the strain method and the geometrical consideration. The group-theoretical approach showed that the ferroelastic domain walls must be the crystallographical prominent planes with fixed indices and classified by the symmetry elements characterizing the permissible domain walls. So the group-theoretical approach could be suggested as a new method for analyzing the structure of the ferroelastic domain and domain walls.