• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.322-328
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• 2023

The number of senior citizens with large bowel obstruction is steadily growing in Korea. Plain radiography was used to examine the severity and treatment of this phenomenon. To avoid examiner subjectivity in radiography readings, we propose an automatic segmentation method to identify fluid-filled areas indicative of large bowel obstruction. Our proposed method applies the Hough transform to locate suspicious areas successfully and applies the possibilistic fuzzy c-means unsupervised learning algorithm to form the target area in a noisy environment. In an experiment with 104 real-world large-bowel obstruction radiographs, the proposed method successfully identified all suspicious areas in 73 of 104 input images and partially identified the target area in another 21 images. Additionally, the proposed method shows a true-positive rate of over 91% and false-positive rate of less than 3% for pixel-level area formation. These performance evaluation statistics are significantly better than those of the possibilistic c-means and fuzzy c-means-based strategies; thus, this hybrid strategy of automatic segmentation of large bowel suspicious areas is successful and might be feasible for real-world use.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.336-338
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• 2011

A 5-day-old male Korean native calf was referred with the primary complaint of anorexia, absence of feces, depression, and abdominal distention. Although this case was tentatively diagnosed as atresia coli, plain and contrast radiography was performed to confirm site and appearance of obstruction. A plain radiograph revealed gas distension in the large intestine, with absence of fecal material in the descending colon. In a contrast radiograph, the blind part of descending colon that was accumulated with contrast media smoothly protruded to distended colon with gas and the middle part was seen as narrow. These findings were well corresponded with the mucosal blockage junction between distended spiral loop with gas and descending colon that was hypoplasia or atropy in necropsy. In conclusion, contrast radiography was considered very useful method to identify the site and type of obstruction in diagnosis of atresia coli.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 2011

Gastric necrosis due to gastric outlet obstruction is a very rare condition, but it might be fatal if missed or if diagnosis is delayed. Our patient was a 73-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain, distension and dyspnea for 1 day. In plain radiography and computed tomography, a markedly distended stomach and decreased enhancement at the gastric wall were noted. He underwent explo-laparotomy, and near-total gastric mucosal necrosis accompanied by sludge from the soaked laver was noted. A total gastrectomy with esophagojejunostomy was performed, and he recovered without sequelae. Final pathologic examination revealed advanced gastric cancer at the antrum with near-total gastric mucosal necrosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Coexisting voiding and bowel dysfunction in children are common in the clinic. The idea that overactive bladder (OAB) and constipation arise from one single pathophysiology has been reinforced in many studies. In Korea, a nationwide multicenter study conducted in 2009 showed that overall prevalence of OAB in children, 5-13 years of age, was 16.59% and this number has increased more recently. The initial step to manage coexisting fecal retention and OAB in children is to characterize their bowel and bladder habits and to treat constipation if present. Although diagnosing constipation in children is difficult, careful history-taking using the Bristol Stool Form Scale, and a scoring system of plain abdominal radiography, can help to estimate fecal retention more easily and promptly. Non-pharmacological approaches to manage functional constipation include increasing fluids, fiber intake, and physical activity. Several osmotic laxatives are also effective in improving OAB symptoms and fecal retention. Additionally, correction and education in relation to toilet training is the most important measure in treating OAB with fecal retention.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2009

Situs inversus abdominis is a rare congenital condition commonly associated with serious cardiac and splenic malformations. The importance of recognizing the presence of situs inversus abdominis preoperatively is emphasized by the fact that the surgical incision is placed on the incorrect side of the abdomen. A 6 day-old girl was referred to our hospital because of bile stained vomiting. A plain radiography of abdomen and chest showed the heart to be normal position and a reversed "double-bubble" picture with no other gas shadow in the rest of the abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed situs inversus with the stomach and polysplenia on the right side and the liver on the left side. A laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of situs inversus with duodenal atresia. The obstruction was bypassed by constructing a side-to-side duodenoduodenostomy. The postoperative course was uneventful.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.549-552
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• 2008

An eight-month-old, intact female Jindo, weighing 9 kg with a one-day history of acute bloody diarrhea was referred. Plain abdominal radiographic findings included evidence of a soft tissue tubular mass within the dilated colon. In ultrasonographs, a target-like mass was identified with multiple hyperechoic and hypoechoic parallel wall layers. A barium enema showed a large radiolucent filling defect within the colon and a completely occlusive lumen. On the basis of these images, ileocecocolic and colocolic intussusception was diagnosed. Surgical manual reduction, resection and anastomosis were performed. The patient recovered normally without any complications or recurrence.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.417-421
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• 2009

This report describes the normal radiographic and ultrasonographic morphological features of premature minipigs at 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks of age. Radiographic examination is a simple diagnostic method used to identify the general morphologic state of major organs and their adjacent structures, and to assess the presence of abnormalities. The parameters for evaluation in plain abdominal radiographs are the degree of diffuse serosal margin details, extent of visualization of each organ, their size, shape, and contour, locations of main organs - such as the liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder - the distribution of the intestines, and assessment of the retroperitoneal space and its contents. Ultrasonographic examinations are used to investigate their internal condition. The parameters for evaluation in abdominal ultrasonography are echogenicity, echotexture, and size and shape of the main organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder and gastrointestinal tract. Minipigs had similar findings compared to dogs or cats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study was to prove our empirical tendency of relatively high small intestinal diameter (SI) to fifth lumbar vertebral height (L5) ratio, which has been used in dogs. In this study, the ratio of SI/L5 was determined in small breed dogs weighing less than 5 kg. In addition, the effect of large volume of contrast media on the intestinal dilation was determined by performing upper gastrointestinal contrast study. Abdominal radiography and upper gastrointestinal series were performed in twelve healthy dogs weighing less than 5 kg. Small intestinal diameter (SI), fifth lumbar vertebral height (L5), and twelfth rib diameter were measured on abdominal radiographs. The range of values of SI/L5 is from 1.03 to 2.26 in plain radiography, and from 1.55 to 2.5 in contrast studies. Contrast agent significantly increased small intestinal diameter, and could be considered as mildly dilated intestinal model. Therefore, a value of 2.1 for SI/L5 is recommended as the upper limit of the normal range suggesting nonobstructive intestinal dilation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.391-394
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study was to prove our empirical tendency of relatively high small intestinal diameter (SI) to fifth lumbar vertebral height (L5) ratio, which has been used in dogs. In this study, the ratio of SI/L5 was determined in small breed dogs weighing less than 5 kg. In addition, the effect of large volume of contrast media on the intestinal dilation was determined by performing upper gastrointestinal contrast study. Abdominal radiography and upper gastrointestinal series were performed in twelve healthy dogs weighing less than 5 kg. Small intestinal diameter (SI), fifth lumbar vertebral height (L5), and twelveth rib diameter were measured on abdominal radiographs. The range of values of SI/L5 is from 1.03 to 2.26 in plain radiography, and from 1.55 to 2.5 in contrast studies. Contrast agent significantly increased small intestinal diameter, and could be considered as mildly dilated intestinal model. Therefore, a value of 2.1 for SI/L5 is recommended as the upper limit of the normal range suggesting nonobstructive intestinal dilation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1988

The abdominal tumors in children are different from those of adult. These tumors are the third most common one, preceded by leukemia and brain tumors, in children under 15 years. X-ray examination is the most important method among diagnostic approaches. The role of diagnostic imaging is to identify the precise anatomic location and extent of pathologic process with the minimal number of imaging procedures. 23 cases of abdominal tumors were reviewed in respect of age incidence, site of origin, radiologic findings. The results are briefly summarized as follows : 1. Neuroblastoma was the most common(6 cases) and wi1m's tumor(5 cases), choledocal cyst(4 cases), ovarian mass(3 cases), hydronephrosis(2 cases), were descending order in frequency. 2. The most common site was retroperitoneum(60%). Kidney was the single most common site of origin. 3. Radiologic findings. The most common findings of plain radiography was ill defined soft tissue mass and this method was helpful in the presence of calcification especially in neuroblastoma. Ultrasonographic pattern was anechoic(cystic), echoic or mixed pattern, but this method provide less precise anatomical details, nevertheless ultrasonography wes paticullary useful imaging modality for the pediatric abdominal tumors. IVP findings were renal displacement, caliceopelvic system distortion or nonvisualization of kidney, these information was helpful in determining the location of tumors. CT scan showed homogenous or inhomogenous, cystic or solid, mass with their anatomic location. 4. Ultrasonography was the most widely used specific diagnostic method, but had limited value in detecting the anatomic location of tumors. CT scan was superior to ultrasound for determining the extent of tumors.