• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 사석 방파제에 사용되는 대표적 방사형 소파 블록인 Tetrapod, Rakuna-IV 및 Dimple 등에 대하여 각각 두 가지의 정적 피복 방법을 제안하고 각 방법에 대한 안정계수를 수리실험을 통하여 결정하였다. Tetrapod와 Rakuna-IV는 피복 방법에 상관없이 비슷한 안정계수를 보인 반면, Dimple은 피복 방법에 따라 약간 다른 안정계수를 보였다. Dimple이 가장 큰 안정계수를 나타낸 반면, Tetrapod가 가장 작은 안정계수를 나타내었다. Tetrapod와 Rakuna-IV를 정적 하였을 경우에는 난적보다 약간 큰 안정계수를 보인 반면, Dimple을 정적 했을 경우에는 난적보다 훨씬 큰 안정계수를 나타내었다. 하지만, 본 연구에서 제안한 Dimple의 정적 방법은 공극률이 매우 작고 일층 피복 블록과 비슷한 거동을 보여서 급격한 파괴가 발생할 수 있으므로 주의를 요한다.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.931-941
• /
• 2017

반복이 있는 랜덤화 블록 계획법(randomized block design with replications)에서의 대표적인 검정법은 Mack이 제안한 방법과 Mack과 Skillings이 제안한 방법이 있다. 이 방법은 각 블록의 처리에서 반복된 각 관측값 대신에 반복된 관측값들의 평균을 이용하여 순위를 매기기 때문에 정보의 손실이 발생할 가능성이 있다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 Chung과 Kim (2007)이 제안한 결합위치(joint placement) 방법에 점수함수(score function)를 적용한 선형위치통계량(linear placement statistics)을 이용한 검정방법을 제안하였다. 또한 Monte Carlo simulation study를 통해 기존의 방법들과 검정력을 비교하였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.147-158
• /
• 2022

Cloud Computing offers flexible, on demand, ubiquitous resources for cloud users. Cloud users are provided computing resources in a virtualized environment. In order to meet the growing demands for computing resources, data centres contain a large number of physical machines accommodating multiple virtual machines. However, cloud data centres cannot utilize their computing resources to their total capacity. Several policies have been proposed for improving energy proficiency and computing resource utilization in cloud data centres. Virtual machine placement is an effective method involving efficient mapping of virtual machines to physical machines. However, the availability of many physical machines accommodating multiple virtual machines in a data centre has made the virtual machine placement problem a non deterministic polynomial time hard (NP hard) problem. Metaheuristic algorithms have been widely used to solve the NP hard problems of multiple and conflicting objectives, such as the virtual machine placement problem. In this context, we presented essential concepts regarding virtual machine placement and objective functions for optimizing different parameters. This paper provides a taxonomy of metaheuristic algorithms for the virtual machine placement method. It is followed by a review of prominent research of virtual machine placement methods using meta heuristic algorithms and comparing them. Finally, this paper provides a conclusion and future research directions in virtual machine placement of cloud computing.

• 전자공학회논문지A
• /
• 제30A권6호
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 1993

In this research, we developed a new algorithm for hierarchical placement of integrated circuits. For efficient placement of a large circuit, the given circuit is recursively partitioned to form a hierarchy tree and then simulated-annealing-based placement method is applied at each level of the hierarchy to find a near optimum solution. During the placemtnt, global optimization is performed at high levels of the hierarchy and local optimization is performed at low levels. When compared with conventional placement methods, the new hierarchical placement method produced favorable results.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.55-70
• /
• 2014

The paper presents a multi-objective optimization strategy for a multi-type sensor placement for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of long span bridges. The problem is formulated for simultaneous placement of strain sensors and accelerometers (heterogeneous network) based on application demands for SHM system. Modal Identification (MI) and Accurate Mode Shape Expansion (AMSE) were chosen as the application demands for SHM. The optimization problem is solved through the use of integer Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximize a common metric to ensure adequate MI and AMSE. The performance of the joint optimization problem solved by GA is compared with other established methods for homogenous sensor placement. The results indicate that the use of a multi-type sensor system can improve the quality of SHM. It has also been demonstrated that use of GA improves the overall quality of the sensor placement compared to other methods for optimization of sensor placement.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.465-492
• /
• 2008

Proper pretest planning is a vital component of any successful vibration test on engineering structures. The most important issue in dynamic testing of many engineering structures is arriving at the number and optimal placement of sensors. The sensors must be placed on the structure in such a way that all the important dynamic behaviour of a structural system is captured during the course of the test with sufficient accuracy so that the information can be effectively utilised for structural parameter identification or health monitoring. Several optimal sensor placement (OSP) techniques are proposed in the literature and each of these methods have been evaluated with respect to a specific problem encountered in various engineering disciplines like aerospace, civil, mechanical engineering, etc. In the present work, we propose to perform a detailed characteristic evaluation of some selective popular OSP techniques with respect to their application to practical civil engineering problems. Numerical experiments carried out in the paper on various practical civil engineering structures indicate that effective independence (EFI) method is more consistent when compared to all other sensor placement techniques.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.91-108
• /
• 2000

Most of cervical abrasion and erosion lesions show gingival margin where the cavosurface angle is on cementum or dentin. Composite resin restoration of cervical lesion shrink toward enamel margin due to polymerization contraction. This shrinkage has clinical problem such as microleakage and secondary caries. Several methods to diminish contraction stress of composite resin restoration, such as modifying cavity form and building up restorations in several increments have been attempted. The purpose of this study was to compare polymerization contraction stress of composite resin in Class V cavity subjected to cavity forms and placement methods. In this study, finite element model of 5 types of Class V cavity was developed on computer tomogram of maxillary central incisor. The types are : 1) Box cavity 2) Box cavity with incisal bevel 3) V shape cavity 4) V shape cavity with incisal bevel 5) Saucer shape cavity. The placement methods are 1) Incisal first oblique incremental curing 2) Bulk curing. An FEM based program for light activated polymerization is not available. For simulation of curing dynamics, time dependent transient thermal conduction analysis was conducted on each cavity and each placement method. For simulation of polymerization shrinkage, thermal stress analysis was performed with each cavity and each placement method. The time-temperature dependent volume shrinkage rate, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio were determined in thermal conduction data. The results were as follows : 1. With all five Class V cavifies, the highest Von Mises stress at the composite-tooth interface occurred at gingival margin. 2. With box cavity, V shape cavity and saucer cavity, Von Mises stress at gingival margin of V shape cavity was lower than the others. And that of box cavity was lower than that of saucer cavity. 3. Preparing bevel at incisal cavosurface margin decreased the rate of stress development in early polymerization stage. 4. Preparing bevel at incisal cavosurface margin of V shape cavity increased the Von Mises stress at gingival margin, but decreased at incisal margin. 5. At incisal margin, stress development by bulk curing method was rapid at early stage. Stress development by first increment of incremental curing method was also rapid but lower than that by bulk curing method, however after second increment curing final stress was the same for two placement methods. 6. At gingival margin, stress development by incremental curing method was suddenly rapid at early stage of second increment curing, but final stress was the same for two placement methods.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2018

PURPOSES : Asphalt concrete pavement is damaged by various causes such as traffic and environmental loads. The distressed pavement should be maintained by various methods to provide a comfortable and safe pavement for the driver. This study evaluates the effect of adding a mixing procedure to enhance the mixture quality in the hot in-placement recycled asphalt pavement method, which is an asphalt-pavement maintenance method. METHODS : Various test methods such as Marshall stability and dynamic stability, were employed to estimate the recycled asphalt mixture with and without an additional mixing, using the hot in-placement recycled asphalt pavement method. RESULTS : The mixture samples used in this study were taken before and after the addition of the mixer in the hot in-placement recycled asphalt pavement method (HIR) at field construction sites in GongJu and JinJu in South Korea. The test results of both mixtures satisfied the asphalt-mixture standard specifications. CONCLUSIONS : This study confirmed that adding a mixer in the HIR method results in a well-mixed new asphalt mixture, rejuvenator, and reclaimed asphalt mixture.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.421-431
• /
• 1999

NOD(News On Demand) 시스템은 텍스트, 이미지, 그리고 비디오 등의 다양한 형태의 데이타를 포함하며, 데이타의 형태에 따라 크기가 다르다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 데이타의 종류에 따라 데이타의 배치 방법을 다르게 하는 DPMDT(Data Placement Method based on Data Types)방법을 제안하고, 생성된 날짜를 기반으로 데이타를 배치하는 TBSM(Time Based Storage Management) 방법과 생성날짜와 접속 비율을 기반으로 데이타를 배치하는 RBSM(Rate Based Storage Management) 방법과의 성능을 비교, 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 비디오 뉴스의 재생 시간이 길고 디스크의 개수가 적은 경우(1개)에는 DPMDT 방법이 TBSM이나 RBSM 방법에 비해 다소 낮은 성능을 보였으나, 디스크의 개수가 2개 이상인 경우에는 DPMDT 방법이 TBSM이나 RBSM 방법에 비해 좋은 성능을 보였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2008

본 논문은 비디오 서버 클러스터 기반의 VOD 시스템에서의 비디오 배치 문제를 정의하고 효율적인 비디오 배치 방법을 제안한다. 비디오 배치란 비디오 데이터를 위치와 개수가 정해진 비디오 서버들에 할당하는 것을 말한다. 제안된 방법의 목적은 서버들 간의 부하 균형을 유지하면서 네트워크 부하를 최소화하도록 비디오를 서버에 배치하는 것이다. 사용자 요구 기각률은 사용자가 지각하는 VOD 시스템 성능 지수들 중 특히 중요한 것으로 기존 연구들에서 VOD 시스템 성능 비교의 기준으로 삼고 있다. 우리의 방법에 대한 실험 결과를 보면, 서버 부하 균형만을 고려하거나 네트워크 부하만을 고려한 비디오 배치보다는 이 둘을 모두 고려한 경우가 사용자 요구 기각률을 낮추는 특징을 보였다. 또한 비디오 배치에서 서버 부하 균형에 대한 고려가 특히 기각률에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 우리의 조사에 따르면 비디오 서버 클러스터 환경에서 서버와 네트워크 부하를 동시에 고려하는 효과적인 비디오 배치 연구는 거의 발표되지 않았다.