• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.552-560
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine proper position and angulation of an implant for immediate implantation. Materials and Method : From the years 1997 to 2000. 52 Denta $scan^R$ views, 22 upper and 32 lower jaw with an average age of 43 and 40 respectively, were investigated, which comprise intact upper and lower 6 anterior teeth and premolars. On the Denta $scan^R$, the optimal placement for the immediated implantation was simulated. The measuring methods included 1) Angulation difference between tooth long axis and alveolar bone process. 2) Angulation difference of long axis between tooth and installing fixture 3) Distance between center of tooth at cervical area and center of fixture. 4) Distance from root apex to the bone limit of vital structure. One sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. Result : The results were as follows. 1) At the maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor, angulation difference of long axis between tooth and installing fixture was respectively 0.5 and 3.2 degrees with the fixture center's palatally positioned 2mm apart from tooth center. 2) At the lower anterior 6 teeth, that was about $-2.8^{\circ}\;to\;-4.6^{\circ}$ with the fixture center's lingually positioned 1mm apart from tooth center. 3) At the maxillary canine and premolar, that was respectively $11.8^{\circ}\;and \;7.2^{\circ}$ with the fixture center palatally positioned $2\sim2.4mm$ apart from tooth center. 4) At the lower premolar area, that was about $0^{\circ}\;to\;2^{\circ}$ with the fixture center's lingually positioned $0.5{\sim}1mm$ apart from tooth center. 5) Distance from root apex to the bone limit of vital structure, at the maxillary anterior and premolars. was the range of 10 to 12mm, and at the mandibular anterior teeth and the 1st premolar, that was the range of 18 to 20mm. Conclusion : The proper implant position of maxillary anterior and premolar teeth is as paralleled as or more buccally angulated than long axis of tooth with the fixture center's palatally positioned. In mandiblular anterior region, long axis of implants is lingully angulated compared with long axis of tooth and in premolar, almost parelleled with long axis of tooth and alveolar process.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.139-155
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• 2009

Objective : To assess the biological stability of immediate transmucosal placement of tapered implants into tooth extraction sockets. Material and methods : Following tooth extraction, tapered implants were immediately placed into the sockets. Teeth with evidence of acute periapical pathology were excluded. After implant placement, sutured allowing a non-submerged, transmucosal healing. Standardized radiographs were obtained every visiting from baseline to 32 weeks after implant placment. Changes in depth of the distance from the implant shoulder (IS) and from the alveolar crest (AC) to the bottom of the defect (BD) were assessed. Results : Thirteen patients (10 males and 3 females) were enrolled and followed. They contributed with 15 tapered implants. extraction iste displayed sufficient residual bone volume to allow primary stability of all implants. The mean surgery time was $41{\pm}10.0$ mins. All implants healed uneventfully yielding a survival rate of 100%. Mean ISQ values were relatively stable. Interproximal crestal bone decreased $1.69{\pm}1.2mm$ (mesial), $1.65{\pm}1.2mm$ (distal) from baseline to 32-week follow-up. No statistically significant changes with respect to FMPS, FMBS, PPD and width of KG were observed. Conclusions: Immediate transmucosal implant placement represented a predictable treatment option for the replacement of teeth lost due to reasons including fractures, endodontic failures and caries.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2015

Aim of this study is demonstrate the feasibility of Laparoscopic gastrostomy (LG) tube placement in dogs by comparing with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement, based on operative time, complications and gastro-peritoneal adhesion evaluation. Eight intact male beagle dogs were used in this study. Tri-Funnel Replacement Gastrostomy tube (Bard Inc., USA) of 20 Fr was used for LG technique and PEG kit (Ponsky "Pull" PEG Kit$^{(R)}$, Bard Inc., USA) with soft silicone retention dome consisting of a 20 Fr gastrostomy tube was used. Feeding via gastrostomy tube was performed in two weeks, maintenance energy requirement (MER) divided into 3 separate feeding. LG and PEG were evaluated at intraoperative, postoperative and postmortem period. Mean operative time for the PEG group was significantly shorter when compared with the LG group (p < 0.05). Successful maintenance of gastrostomy tube was confirmed in all dogs. Gastric and peritoneal wall adhesions were formed successfully in each group. The mean adhesion length (AL) and width (AW) were significantly larger in LG group compared with in PEG group (p < 0.05). The mean adhesion distance (AD) was not significantly different between two groups (p = 0.182). Consequently, LG is an effective minimally invasive, safe and easy to perform technique for providing enteral nutritional support in dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2013

This study presents development of the ANN simulator for well placement of infill drilling in gas fields. The input data of the ANN simulator includes the production time, well location, all inter well distances, boundary inter well distance, infill well position, productivity potential, functional links, reservoir pressure. The output data includes the bottomhole pressure in addition to the production rate. Thus, it is possible to calculate the productivity and bottomhole pressure during production period simultaneously, and it is expected that this model could replace conventional simulators. Training for the 20 well placement scenarios was conducted. As a result, it was found that accuracy of ANN simulator was high as the coefficient of correlation for production rate was 0.99 and the bottomhole pressure 0.98 respectively. From the resultes, the validity of the ANN simulator has been verified. The term, which could produce Maximum Daily Quantity (MDQ) at the gas field and the productivity according to the well location was analyzed. As a result, the MDQ could be maintained for a short time in scenario C-1, which has the three infill wells nearby aquifer boundary, and a long time in scenario A-1. In conclusion, it was found that scenario A maintained the MDQ up to 21% more than those of scenarios B and C which include parameters that might affect the productivity. Thus, the production rate can be maximized by selecting the location of production wells in comprehensive consideration of parameters that may affect the productivity. Also, because the developed ANN simulator could calculate both production rate and bottomhole pressure, respectively, it could be used as the forward simulator in a various inverse model.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.226-229
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• 2006

The interforaminal region is usually considered as a safe region in the chin bone graft without important vital anatomical structures to be damaged. But the accurate anatomy of the interforaminal region, with its potential clinical relationships, is controversial. Moreover some complications suggesting damage of incisive terminal branches after chin bone harvesting are reported such as sensory discomfort and pain etc. In order to verify incisive innervation of symphyseal area, we examined the cross-sectional CT scan images taken for preoperative planning of implant placement with chin bone graft and some parameters were measured; (1) visuality rating of incisive canal (2) vertical and horizontal diameter of canal (3) distance from lower border of the incisive canal to the lower border of the mandible (4) shortest distance from anterior border of the incisive canal to the anterior border of the mandible. We report the positive outcome that decrease the complications related with the damages of incisive branch during bone harvesting from the chin.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.147-152
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop the experimental machine for the putting strokes. This experimental machine is called Pendulum Putting Machine(PPM). The height of PPM is 75cm and the mass is 10kg. To make the frame of this machine, 24 and 20 diameters of iron pipes were used. Bottom of the frame(bottom girdle) was made with circle shape and top of the frame(top girdle) was made with rectangular shape. Above the top girdle, iron plate($12{\times}17{\times}0.5cm$) was placed to connect the ball bearing. At the top of the frame two ball bearings with axis were placed for the diverse lies of putters and irons. To verify usefulness of this machine, experiments were executed with the PPM. Two major experimental conditions were hitting points(sweet spot, toe side, heel side) and hitting places(bottom, 3cm before bottom, 3cm after bottom). Eleven different cases were tested. The results showed that the diversity of the ball placement(distance and direction) was acceptable(distance range, 2.70-5.87 standard deviation; direction range, 1.71-4.65 standard deviation). Overall the Pendulum Putting Machine is very useful for the study of putting and driving strokes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1083-1097
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• 2018

This paper presents a novel range-free localization algorithm based on quantum particle swarm optimization. The proposed algorithm is capable of estimating the distance between two non-neighboring sensors for multi-hop heterogeneous wireless sensor networks where all nodes' communication ranges are different. Firstly, we construct a new cumulative distribution function of expected hop progress for sensor nodes with different transmission capability. Then, the distance between any two nodes can be computed accurately and effectively by deriving the mathematical expectation of cumulative distribution function. Finally, quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to improve the positioning accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior in the localization accuracy and efficiency when used in random and uniform placement of nodes for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

Objective: This study aimed to propose clinical guidelines for placing miniscrew implants using the results obtained from 3-dimensional analysis of maxillary anterior interdental alveolar bone by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: By using CBCT data from 52 adult patients (17 men and 35 women; mean age, 27.9 years), alveolar bone were measured in 3 regions: between the maxillary central incisors (U1-U1), between the maxillary central incisor and maxillary lateral incisor (U1-U2), and between the maxillary lateral incisor and the canine (U2-U3). Cortical bone thickness, labio-palatal thickness, and interdental root distance were measured at 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm apical to the interdental cementoenamel junction (ICEJ). Results: The cortical bone thickness significantly increased from the U1-U1 region to the U2-U3 region (p < 0.05). The labio-palatal thickness was significantly less in the U1-U1 region (p < 0.05), and the interdental root distance was significantly less in the U1-U2 region (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the interdental root regions U2-U3 and U1-U1 are the best sites for placing miniscrew implants into maxillary anterior alveolar bone.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.3071-3095
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• 2013

Configuring optimization of wireless sensor networks, which can improve the network performance such as utilization efficiency and network lifetime with minimal energy, has received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, a cross layer optimal approach is proposed for multi-source linear network and grid network under Rayleigh block-fading channels, which not only achieves an optimal utility but also guarantees the end-to-end reliability. Specifically, in this paper, we first strictly present the optimization method for optimal nodal number $N^*$, nodal placement $d^*$ and nodal transmission structure $p^*$ under constraints of minimum total energy consumption and minimum unit data transmitting energy consumption. Then, based on the facts that nodal energy consumption is higher for those nodes near the sink and those nodes far from the sink may have remaining energy, a cross layer optimal design is proposed to achieve balanced network energy consumption. The design adopts lower reliability requirement and shorter transmission distance for nodes near the sink, and adopts higher reliability requirement and farther transmission distance for nodes far from the sink, the solvability conditions is given as well. In the end, both the theoretical analysis and experimental results for performance evaluation show that the optimal design indeed can improve the network lifetime by 20-50%, network utility by 20% and guarantee desire level of reliability.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.379-389
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• 2014

Fire detectors are designed to minimize loss of life from a fire alarm system as an alarm to help evacuate more quickly until the completion of the evacuation alarm should be continued. the purpose of such alarms in order to achieve the characteristic fire heat release rate reaches a certain level, or when a certain time has elapsed, when the heat detector is to be alarms to answer. Requires a quick response, it is desirable to install the sensor as much as possible, but taking into account the cost of installation problems by engineering approach to minimize the quantity and rapidity of detection capability should be increased. In order to increase the rapidity of fire detectors in a room according to the height of the sensing period is to be maintained the optimum distance of the fire detector detects characteristics should be considered. Differential spot-type heat detectors installed domestic basis, depending on the type of sensor that can detect one sensor area is limited and less than 4m ceiling height regulations and simply double the number in excess of 4m and intended to be installed.