• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.112-128
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• 2003

Since areas of pain and dysfunction of musculoskeletal typically suffered by the patients with back disorders spread all over the body, WBIP(GCM Program) for the primary treatment and management is required. The purpose of this study is to analyze if WBIP(GCM Program) based on the hyper/hypomobility pattern of Four Body Types can identify the effective treatment of back disorders and the effect on the postural balanced restoration of the spine and extremities. Non-specific back disorder is still a major reason for sick leave. And moreover, its been reported that there was often recurrence to the patients whose symptom had been diminished. As a WBIP(GCM Program) based on kinematic chain patterns of Four Body Types, this study gave a new information on the effective diagnosis, treatment and management of non-specific back disorders. 337 patients above the twenty-five years old with the non-specific back disorders at the hospital and oriental medical clinics at Kyungnam and Busan areas in South Korea from August 24th, 2000 to Feb 23rd, 2001 have randomly been assigned to four experimental groups such as Whole Body Intervention Program Group, Physical Therapy Group like modality treatments, Acupuncture-Treatment Group, and Placebo Control Group. According to intervention program applied to the each four group for three times per week(twelve times per 4weeks), as the time-series methods, we compared and evaluated the body status of the pretest with that of post treatment completion of four week, three month, and six month, respectively. As the analytical method of measurement, our researchers used the Moire Interferometry Unit and Postural Kit that could measure the postural balance of spine and extremities. The collection of data was performed in the designated hospital and oriental medical clinics. For the analysis of the data, the SPSS 10.0 package program was used. X2-test has been taken in order to compare and analyze characteristics and GPES of the patients in four experimental groups. Repeated Measure ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test has been adopted in order to compare the effects of the balanced restoration of the spine and extremities among four Groups categorized for this study. Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level of confidence The effect of the balanced restoration on the spine and extremities of the patients with non-specific back disorders has been proved in all of the Groups. As for the restoration degree, however, WBIP(GCM Program) Group produced the highest effectiveness in terms of the fact that it had a dense moire in comparison with the other three Groups and that the Moires of both sides had the same level by the time(p<0.01). WBIP(GCM Program) based on four tilting types of scapular and ilium and hyper/hypomobility pattern took a higher effect on the balanced restoration of the spine and extremities through a whole body as well as the treatment of back disorders than the other three Groups which the usual remedy without classification of body type had been applied to.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.382-395
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• 2016

Purpose: Alendronate has been proposed as a local and systemic drug treatment used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of periodontitis. However, its effectiveness has yet to be conclusively established. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of SRP with alendronate on periodontitis compared to SRP alone. Methods: Five electronic databases were used by 2 independent reviewers to identify relevant articles from the earliest records up to September 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SRP with alendronate to SRP with placebo in the treatment of periodontitis were included. The outcome measures were changes in bone defect fill, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) from baseline to 6 months. A fixed-effect or random-effect model was used to pool the extracted data, as appropriate. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane ${\chi}^2$ and $I^2$ tests. Results: After the selection process, 8 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with SRP alone, the adjunctive mean benefits of locally delivered alendronate were 38.25% for bone defect fill increase (95% CI=33.05%-43.45%; P<0.001; $I^2=94.0%$), 2.29 mm for PD reduction (95% CI=2.07-2.52 mm; P<0.001; $I^2=0.0%$) and 1.92 mm for CAL gain (95% CI=1.55-2.30 mm; P<0.001; $I^2=66.0%$). In addition, systemically administered alendronate with SRP significantly reduced PD by 0.36 mm (95% CI=0.18-0.55 mm; P<0.001; $I^2=0.0%$) and increased CAL by 0.39 mm (95% CI=0.11-0.68 mm; P=0.006; $I^2=6.0%$). Conclusions: The collective evidence regarding the adjunctive use of alendronate locally and systemically with SRP indicates that the combined treatment can improve the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy on increasing CAL and bone defect fill and reducing PD. However, precautions must be exercised in interpreting these results, and multicenter studies evaluating this specific application should be carried out.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.115-126
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• 1994

The recent availability of recombinant human erythropoietin has opened new perspectives in the management of a variety of anemias. Clinical trials have been initiated in several countries using different approaches and methodology. We randomly assigned twelve premature infants(gestational age < 32 week) at high risk of requiring erythrocyte transfusion for anemia of prematurity with either subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin or a placebo. Treatment with rHuEPO was initiated at a dose of 100 units/kg day for 3 days a week. All patients were given supplemental oral iron therapy at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day, as tolerated and oral vitamin E at a dose of 25 units per day. Treated and control babies did not differ with respect to weight, hematocrit, overall mean reticulocyte count or rate of growth respectively. However, reticulocyte counts increased earlier in patients given rHuEPO. We conclude that rHuEPO administration is safe and feasible at the dose studied.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.5 s.112
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• pp.351-360
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• 2005

This study aimed to investigate the effects of indomethacin on distribution and expression of COX-2 and IGF-1 in the mandibular condyle ofi growing dogs and to examine the number of chondroclasts around the mineralization zone indomethacin inhibits prostatlandin $E_2$ production in the tissue by inhibiting synthesis of cyclooxygenase 2. Prostaglandin $E_2$ stimulates insulin-like growth factor synthesis. Insulin-like growth factor stimulates growth of mandibular condylar cartilage. Eight mongrel dogs. aged 13-14 weeks, were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 and group 2 were administered indomethacin 2 mg/Kg/day orally two times a day for 7 days and 14 days respectively. Group 3 were administered indomethacin 8mg/Kg/day orally 2 times a day for 14 days, and 4he control group were administered a placebo. The mandibular condyle heads were sectioned in $5{\mu}m$ thickness The specimens were stained with H-E staining. COX-2 immunohistochemical staining and IGF-1 immunohistochemical staining and examined under microscope. After TRAP staining, the number of chondroclasts were calculated The observed results were as follows: Indomethacin inhibited expression and distribution of COX-2 and IGF-1 on the proliferative zone of condylar cartillage. Indomethacin decreased the number of chondroclastes on the mineralization zone by a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Indomethacin inhibited expression and distribution of IGF-I by a dose and time-dependent manner. These results show that indomethacin inhibited expression and distribution of COX-2 and IGF-1 on the proliferative zone of condylar cartilage and decreased the number of chondroclasts and suggests that when indomethacin is administered for a long time, condyle growth could be delayed.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

Background: Auricular acupressure is one of the traditional health care treatments in oriental medicine. Approximately, 30~40% of the cancer patients have said to be suffering from insomnia and half of them having chronic and severe insomnia at the same time. Insomnia caused cancer patients feel more pain, fatigue, depression and anxiety and it sometimes let the power to have the best of cancer pull down. Objective: To investigate how effective the auricular acupressure treatment to cancer patients suffering from insomnia. Methods: We recruited participants from East-West Cancer Center of Daejeon University. Finally, of the people whose age range from 20 to 75, 12 patients who got less than 40 points from the score of Oh's sleeping score (OSS) were recruited. Single-blind, randomized pilot study was performed. The treatment group received auricular acupressure treatment (AAT) on active points and the control group had received sham acupressure treatment (SAT) for five times. Sleep parameters were checked by using OSS and numeric rating scale (NRS). We checked the scale everytime, both before and after treatment. We analyzed the data statistically by using independent T-test, paired T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. (p<0.05) Results: Twelve cancer patients participated in this pilot study and there was no significant difference between control and treatment group. Only 7 of them had completed the whole treatment process, 4 patients of AAT group and 3 participants of SAT. The OSS of AAT group had increased from $34.0{\pm}4.3$ to $39.5{\pm}3.1$ and that of SAT group had increased from $38.3{\pm}3.5$ to $40.0{\pm}0.0$. There was no significant difference between them. The NRS of AAT group had increased from $6.3{\pm}2.9$, $04.8{\pm}2.1$ and that of SAT group had increased from $7.0{\pm}1.0$ to $5.0{\pm}2.6$. No significant difference was observed between them. Conclusion: Although both groups did not show significant differences, most of the experimental participants showed increasing OSS and NRS after treatments. Significant participants' number will be needed in the next study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.557-561
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of weekly administration of implant type recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) on the performance and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 120 crossbred (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs were employed for 11 weeks in a growth trial in experiment. A rpST designed to implant every 7 d was used. Forty pigs, each weighing 75 kg, were allocated into three rpST treatments; control (CONT), implant of rpST from 75 kg (TRT1) or 90 kg (TRT2) of body weight. The CONT pig and pigs in TRT2 from 75 kg to 90 kg were treated without rpST but with placebo. In rpST-treated pigs, each 100 mg and 125 mg of the equivalent rpST was implanted from live weight of 75 kg to 90 kg and from 90 kg to market weight, respectively. Half of the pigs from each treatment were marketed at live weight of 110 kg and the rest at 130 kg. All pigs were allowed ad libitum access to a commercial feed containing 0.94% and 0.88% of lysine from 75 to 110 kg, 110 to 130 kg of body weights, respectively. rpST had no effect on daily gain, while feed efficiency was improved by 7 to 13% (p<0.05) in the rpST-treated groups compared with the CONT. Compared with the CONT, backfat thickness was decreased by 12% (p<0.05) in TRT1 at 110 kg of market weight, and by 23 to 32% (p<0.05) in the rpST-treated groups at 130 kg of market weight, respectively. Lean muscle rate tended to be higher in TRT1 at both 110 kg and 130 kg of market weight, and carcass fat percentage in the rpST-treated groups was decreased by 33 to 46% (p<0.05) compared with the CONT.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated long-term care hospital nurses' knowledge and practice of pain management and their attitudes towards the job with an ultimate aim to provide fundamental information for development of a pain education program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 120 nurses from four long-term care hospitals. Nurses' knowledge of and attitudes towards pain management was measured using a tool developed by Watt-Watson. To examine their pain management practice, an instrument was developed based on the pain management guidelines used by the long-term care settings. Results: For pain management knowledge, the participants gave an average of 26.2 (${\pm}13.10$) correct answers out of 40 questions. The most frequently missed question was one about subjectivity of pain, "Patients' physiological and behavioral reactions to pain hint at the presence and intensity of pain" (89.2%), and 56.7% of the nurses believed that increasing tolerance for a narcotic analgesic means addiction. Regarding attitudes towards and practice of pain management, 80.2% of the nurses used placebos to patients who complain about pain often. Conclusion: This study revealed poor level of pain management knowledge of and attitude among long-term care hospital nurses. This might negatively affect their pain management practice. From the educational perspective, nurses should be provided with education on pain management education with emphasis on the nature of pain and misuse of placebo drugs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.826-831
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of octacosanol and Taekwondo program on the fatigue substance, immunoglobulin after short term weight loss 21 male Taekwondo players. They were stay in a camp training together 6 days from same exercise and Octacosanol group and weight loss group is reduced over 5% weight loss by diet calorie restriction decrease gradually. Octacosanol intaked 2 times 20 mg after a meal. Control and weight loss group intaked placebo drug. The conclusions obtained from the above were as follow: Blood Fatigue Substance As lactate, The intra-group comparison decreased octacosanol group after loss weight. The between groups comparison, octacosanol group was superior to control and weight loss group. As lactate dehydrogenase, control and weight loss group increased after weight loss. As ammonia, The intra- group comparison decreased octacosanol group after loss weight. The between groups comparison, octacosanol group was superior to control and weight loss group. Immunoglobulin As IgA, IgG The intra-group comparison increased all group. As IgM, The were no significant differences between group. In conclusion, these results indicate that intake octacosanol after loss weight positive effects on the fatigue substance, Immunoglobulin for male Taekwondo players. Mter this study, We need to study about multilateral research for weight players.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effect of extract mixture(IPGE) drink from Inonotus Obliquus, Phellinus Linteus and Ganoderma Lucidum on hematopoietic stem cells and lymphocyte subset[lymphocyte, $CD4^+T$ cell, $CD8^+T$ cell, Natural Killer(NK) cells] of blood in 37 participants who were healthy and about $40{\sim}70$ years old. They were divided into two groups; extract mixture drink administration group(n=27) and placebo administration group(n=12). They were given the test drink daily for 4 weeks. Blood was obtained from the subjects every two week in the beginning of administration day to evaluate the $CD34^+$ hematopoietic stem cells and immune cells. As results, $CD34^+$ hematopoietic stem cells were significantly increased after taking IPGE drink for 4 weeks compared to that before taking the drink (p<0.001). There was no significant changes in number of lymphocytes, $CD4^+T$ cells, $CD8^+T$ cells, NK cells and in the ratio of $CD4^+/CD8^+$ cell after taking the test drink. From these results, it was suggested that IPGE have a good health effect by promoting the proliferation of the hematopoietic stem cells.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.383-406
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• 2015

Objectives: People with tension-type headache generally take pain relievers, but long term dependency causes problems as well as side effects. The present study aimed to provide clinical evidence of herbal medicine for tension-type headache by systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the effect of herbal medicine for tension-type headache. Methods: Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that verified effects of herbal medicine intervention on patients with tension-type headache were included in the study. A literature search of English, Japanese, Chinese, Korean databases was performed. The selected literature were assessed by Jadad scale and Risk of Bias. Results: Herein, 40 reports were selected from a total of 157. Meta-analyses of 2 trials indicated that the effective rate was significantly higher in the herbal medicine treatment group, as compared to the placebo control (risk ratio: 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23 to 1.80, p<0.0001, I²=0%). Four trials that compared herbal medicine with routine care with routine care only group showed a significantly higher effective rate of benefits for herbal medicine with routine care, as compared to routine care only (RR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.10, p=0.002, I²=0%). Conclusions: The effective rate was significantly higher than control and adverse events were less in the treatment group. Pattern analysis (辨證) indicated that the studies on wind-fire pattern (風火證) were highest. Yougeun-bang (柔筋方) in prescription and Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥) in medicinal herbs were most used. This finding could be widely utilized in future clinical practice and form the basis for the development of clinical practice guidelines in advance.