• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.445-456
• /
• 2004

The database schema is assumed to be stable enough to remain valid even as the modeled environment changes. However, in practice. data models are not nearly as stable as commonly assumed by the database designers. Even though a rich set of schema change operations is provided in current database systems, the users suffer from the problem that schema change usually impacts existing application programs that have been written against the schema. In this paper, we are exploring the possible solutions to overcome this problem of impacts on the application programs. We believe that for continued support of the existing programs on the old schema, the old schema should continue to allow updates and queries, as before. Furthermore, its associated data has to be kept up-to-date. We call this the program independency property of schema change tools. For this property. we devise so-called program independency schema evolution (PISE) methodology. For each of the set of schema change operations in the relational schemas, the sketch of the additional algorithms due to the PISE compliance is presented in order to prove the comprehensiveness and soundness of our PISE methodology.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 1993

This paper examines the conventional methods to estimate the uplift capacity of the piles in sands and points out the limitations of each methods. And the modified method to estimate the uplift capacity more correctly is proposed. The comparisons between each theoretical values and the reported experimental results show that Meyerhof method tends to underestimate the uplift capacity for dense sands, but to overestimate for medium and loose sands. Of the analytical methods, Chattopadhyay and Pise method is most agreeable to the experimental data. But the difference between the measured values and the analytical ones is significant. This difference can be reduced by the modification of the failure surface proposed by Chattopadyay and Pise.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2009

Results from tests for what mixing rate of soil and sand is proper for the rammed earth and for how much additives are optimum are as under. 1) In the test to evaluate what mixing rate of soil and sand is desirable, peptizing property and surface sticking rate are found similar in its degree, but compression strength is found most stable when the ratio of soil and sand mixing shows 30:70 which indicates the best mixing rate of soil and sand. 2) In a test to add hydrated lime, compression strength, peptizing property, and surface sticking rate are found best when the mixing rate of soil and sand shows 23:7. 3) In a test to add sea weeds, the peptizing property goes down at 75% of sea weeds input a little bit more than at 100%, but compression strength shows best at 75% which is thought to be the best rate. 4) In a drop test, more soil powder mixed, the sticking strength gets better and more sands are contained, the sticking strength gets far worse to be scattered in powder type. 5) As concluding all results mentioned in the above item, the most desirable mixing rate of soil, sand, and hydrated lime is found to be 23:7:70 for the rammed earth where compression strength, peptizing property, and surface sticking rate are best.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 1999

Background : Since dysthymia begins in late childhood or adolescence and has a chronic course, long-term pharmacotherapy may be required. New generation antidepressant, moclobemide, with more acceptable side effect profiles, is effective in the treatment of dysthymia. The main objective of this study was to determine whether they exhibit comparable efficacy and tolerability in dysthymia to amitriptyline. Method and Materials : The efficacy and tolerability of the moclobemide and amitriptyline, were compared in a eight-week single-centre double-blind study in patients(n=37) with dysthymia using he HAMD-17, the Clinical Global Impression Scale(CGI), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Efficacy Index-Therapeutic Index(EITE), 4-point Index Side Effect Scale(4-PISES), and Efficacy Index- Side Effect Scale(EISE). Results : A total of 37 patients entered the study, 19 were randomly assigned to the moclobemide group and 18 to be amitriptyline group. Demo-graphic and illness characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no significant difference between two groups at the total 17-HDRS score, the HAMD-17% improvement, the total MADRS score, CGI response, and the EITE. In the comparison of EISE between two groups, the scores of the moclobemide group were relatively lower than the amitriptylinen group in full treatment. And the differences were significant(moclobemide group $1.39{\pm}0.61$ ; amitriptyline group $2.00{\pm}0.85$, p<.001). At the 4-PISE, There was no serious or treatment threatening side effects. And there was no specific difference in side effects between two groups. The moclobemide group reported higher EIR scores than the amitriptyline group at every follow up day, but the differences were not significant. And, there was no significant differences in the scores of five HRQOL subcategories which is compared between two groups at every follow up days. Conclusions : In terms of 17-HDRS and MADRS, moclobemide and amitriptyline are equally effective at least in allevating dysthymic symptoms. But moclobemide tended to be less troubling and better tolerated than amitriptyline. Therefore, moclobemide treatment can be used as a safe, and higher satisfactory treatment strategy for the dysthymia.