• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.525-530
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spherodizing heat treatment holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the accelerated cooling-treated API X70 steel, which is mainly used as a structural material for line pipe steel for natural gas pipes. The accelerated cooling-treated API X70 steel was spherodizing treated at 700℃ for 12~48 h. The microstructure was observed using an OM and a FEG-SEM, and mechanical properties were obtained by tensile test. The microstructure of the API X70 steel was banded in the hot rolling direction, and the polygonal ferrite(PF) adjacent to pearlite(P) has mainly a fine size, and coarse PF and fine acicular ferrite were formed in the middle of P and P. As the spherodizing treatment time increased, the number of carbide particles decreased and its distribution interval increased, and the ferrite grain size was coarsened. The tensile strength decreased and the ductility increased with spherodizing treatment time, and the yield point elongation was disappeared in a stress-strain curve after the spherodizing treatment.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1998

열 수축 쉬-트용 점착제의 접착성, 내한성 및 유동성을 향상시키기 위해 점착제를 구성하는 각 성분들의 종류 및 함량에 따른 물성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 베이스 폴리머로서 내후성이 우수한 부틸고무를 선정하여 실험을 진행하였다. 점착부여제는 석유계 수지가 로진보다 우수한 접착력을 나타내었으며, 함량이 감소함에 따라 유동성이 저하됨을 알 수 있었다. 폴리부텐은 저 분자량보다 고 분자량의 물성이 우수하였다. 카본블랙의 경우 입자경이 클수록 물성 향상에 유리하였다. 탄산칼슘을 중량제로서 혼입할 경우 카본블랙과 함께 혼합시키는 경우가 바람직하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.702-708
• /
• 2018

This study deals with the effect of microstructure factors on the strain aging properties of API X70 pipeline steels with different microstructure fractions and grain sizes. The grain size and microstructure fraction of the API pipeline steels are analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. Tensile tests before and after 1 % pre-strain and thermal aging treatment are conducted to simulate pipe forming and coating processes. All the steels are composed mostly of polygonal ferrite, acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and bainitic ferrite. After 1 % pre-strain and thermal aging treatment, the tensile test results reveal that yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio increase, while uniform elongation decreases with an increasing thermal aging temperature. The increment of yield and tensile strengths are affected by the fraction of bainitic ferrite with high dislocation density because the mobility of dislocations is inhibited by interaction between interstitial atoms and dislocations in bainitic ferrite. On the other hand, the variation of yield ratio and uniform elongation is the smallest in the steel with the largest grain size because of the decrease in the grain boundary area for dislocation pile-ups and the presence of many dislocations inside large grains after 1 % pre-strain.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.179-196
• /
• 2019

Temporary scaffold systems in the construction site play an important role for ensuring the safety of the workers and for constructing the stable structures. To assemble the scaffold, the pipe scaffolding system, the wedge binding scaffolding system and the particular materials have been utilized. To design the material arrangement of a scaffold, firstly the configuration was determined considering the construction geometry. Then, the strength of the scaffold was confirmed and the quantity of the material was accounted. In this paper, the design method of the temporary scaffold was proposed for intending the semi-automatic procedure. In the proposed design method, the geometric design and the safety requirement were specified by the safety standard and the design flow was followed by the designer's knowledge. The size and the quantities of the materials were calculated by referring to the relation between the scaffold and the constructing structure. In the calculating procedure, three dimensional positions of each scaffold materials were calculated and recorded simultaneously. Then, three dimensional scaffold structural was drawn semi-automatically on the CAD software by using the obtained material sizes, positions and directions. The proposed design method provides us the precise quantities of scaffold materials and enables us to reduce the design effort and the cost estimation processes. In addition, the obtained results can be applied to BIM software after converting to IFC format.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2000

The boiler tubes and steam Pipes operating both at high temperature and pressure for a long period of time in a power plant are degraded by creep because of internal pressure. So, the remaining life of a component is evaluated by the creep rupture strength. Although the conventional method to evaluate the creep damage is widely used, it has some disadvantages such as requires large size specimen and long employed to evaluate the correlation between fracture toughness and evaluation time. Recently, new method so called "small lunch test' is used to evaluate degradation of creep. In this study, a conventional creep test and a small punch test are conducted using 2.25Cr-1Mo steel which is mainly used for the boiler tubes and steam pipes in power plant. The creep life, approximately 1,500 hrs, is determined by conventional method under a severe condition then specimens for a small Punch test are obtained after certain time intervals such as 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of final rupture time, respectively.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2004

Limestone zone in korea have been distributed to diagonal line so that it is wide from the Gangwondo to the Jeonlanamdo. The limestone cavity and fractured zone were formed by chemical weathering. Limestone cavity and fractured zone was reinforced with cemented milk(w/c=60%)by high pressure jet grouting by tripple -pipe to establish bridge foundation on the ground condition like limestone cavity. To analyze property of limestone and solid of cement milk(w/c=65%), mixed solid of cement, core NX size in the limestone cavity and fractured zone and compressive strength. Seismic tomograpy exploration was pcrforn1cd to analyze deformation modulus of limestone. The analysis suggests that deformation modulus of limestone has effect on uniaxial compressive strength, seismic velocity, seismic elasticity modulus. Average static elasticity modulus of limestone is $5.08{\times}10^5kgf/cm^2$, cement and coal mixed solid is $0.25{\times}10^5kgf/cm^2$, $0.095{\times}10^5kgf/cm^2$. Average seismic velocity of limestone is 5.240m/sec, cement and coal mixed solid is 2,211.3m/sec, 1,447.5m/sec. Average uniaxial compressive strength of limestone was $1,221.3kgf/cm^2$ and limestone specimen mixed with cement milk and solid of cement milk mixed with coal were $125.22kgf/cm^2$, $35kgf/cm^2$ each other. Average friction angle of limestone was $49.14^{\circ}$ and limestone specimen mixed with cement milk and solid of cement milk mixed with coal were $38.39^{\circ}, 25.83^{\circ}$ each other. Average cohesion of limestone was $137.7kgf/cm^2$ and limestone specimen mixed with cement milk and solid of cement milk mixed with coal were $23.5kgf/cm^2$, $15.5kgf/cm^2$ each other. Average deformation modulus of limestone was $2.84{\times}10^5kgf/cm^2$ and limestone specimen mixed with cement milk and solid of cement milk mixed with coal were $0.4{\times}10^5kgf/cm^2, 0.12{\times}10^5kgf/cm^2$ each other. It was analyzed that the elasticity and uniaxial compressive strength, seismic velocity of solid of cement milk mixed limestone pieces and coal had an highly interrelation regardless of existence of limestones pieces and coal but it had shown that limestones had an lower interrelation. In case of field seismic velocity and deformation of limestone, SIC solid of cement milk mixed with coal and limestone pieces had an highly interrelation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 2020

멤브레인(membrane) LNG 운반선 화물창(cargo containment)의 공사 작업대인 비계 시스템(scaffolding system)은 다양한 형상의 부재들로 구성된 대형 트러스 구조물이다. 비계 시스템의 설치 기간 및 공정을 단축하기 위해서는 모듈의 탑재 단위를 기존의 2단에서 8단으로 대형화하는 것이 매우 효과적이다. 모듈이 대형화하여 탑재 하중이 증가하면 메인 수직 파이프를 연결해주는 핀(pin)과 홀(hole) 주위의 국부 응력 증가가 예상되므로 구조안전성을 확보하기 위한 사전 평가가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 인장강도 시험을 통해 파손 취약 부위를 확인하고 이에 대한 구조 안전성을 정량적으로 검토하기 위해 접촉 응력 해석을 수행하였다. 인장강도 시험을 통해 최상부의 수직 방향 파이프에 발생하는 평균 하중 부근에서 홀의 변형이 육안으로 관찰되었으며, 홀 주위의 응력 크기는 접촉 응력 계산을 통해 확인하였다. 접촉 문제를 Herzian 접촉 응력 관점에서 접근하였고, 핀과 홀을 포함하는 부분의 재료 항복강도와 접촉 응력의 비교를 통해 8단 탑재의 가능성을 검토하였다. 결과로서, 기존 재료의 비계를 이용한 8단 탑재 방안은 부적합함을 확인하였으며, 파손 취약 부위에 대한 정량적 구조평가 결과를 바탕으로 8단 탑재 시의 구조안전성 확보를 위한 방안들을 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권10호
• /
• pp.1464-1471
• /
• 2003

In order to investigate the flows with shock wave in branch, 108$^{\circ}$ elbow and T-junction of the IRWST system of standard Korean nuclear reactor, detail time dependent behaviors of unsteady flow with shock wave, vortex and so on are obtained by numerical method using compressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. At first, the complex flow including the incident and reflected shock waves, vortex and expansion waves which are generated at the corner of T-junction is calculated by the commercial code of FLUENT6 and is compared with the experimental result to obtain the validation of numerical method. Then the flow fields in above mentioned units are analyzed by numerical method of [mite volume method. In numerical analysis, the distributions of flow properties with the moving of shock wave and the forces acting on the wall of each unit which can be used to calculate the size of supporting structure in future are calculated specially. It is found that the initial shock wave of normal type is re-established its type from an oblique one having the same strength of the initial shock wave at the 4 times hydraulic diameters of downstream from the branch point of each unit. Finally, it is turned out that the maximum force acting on the pipe wall becomes in order of the T-junction, 108$^{\circ}$ elbow and branch in magnitude, respectively.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.505-512
• /
• 2011

Structural characteristics for standard models of single-span plastic greenhouse in Korea and high tunnels in North America were analyzed, and comparative analysis for greenhouse environments measuring in Korean farmhouse and Rutgers high tunnel was carried out to find structural and environmental improvements of single-span plastic greenhouses that occupy most of Korean greenhouse. Widths of high tunnels are similar to single-span plastic greenhouses but their heights are high comparatively and their side heights are fairly higher than single-span plastic greenhouses specially. Rafters, which are main frames, section sizes of high tunnels are bigger and their intervals are wider than single-span plastic greenhouses. Relative bending resistances compared with representative Korean greenhouse were analyzed by 0.92 to 1.42 in single-span plastic greenhouses, and 1.38 to 2.96 in high tunnels. Frame ratios of single-span plastic greenhouses were 6.8 to 8.6%, and those of high tunnels were 5.5 to 8.7%. We analyzed air temperatures and solar radiations measured in single-span plastic greenhouse and high tunnel on clear days in late March. There were outside temperatures in generally similar range, and judging by rise of indoor temperatures, ventilation performance of high tunnel is more excellent than single-span plastic greenhouse. Solar radiations of two areas were no big difference but light transmittance of high tunnel was a little bit higher than single-span plastic greenhouse. Single-span plastic greenhouses are disadvantageous in environmental managements such as ventilation performance and light transmittance because distance between greenhouses is too narrow and length of greenhouse is too long compared to high tunnels. To get the environmental improvement effects as well as to increase the structural resistance of single-span plastic greenhouses are achievable by widening the width of greenhouse in possible range, widening the space between rafters, and enlarging the section size of rafters. Also, we need to secure enough distance between greenhouses and to restrict the length of greenhouse by maximum 50 m in order to improve the ventilation performance and the light transmittance.