• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to present the design methods about manifold location being installed and size and to draw out the proper piping size as comparing the fluctuation of discharge with manifold size and residence size through the piping network analysis, when using the same faucet in accordance. The findings are summarized as follows, 1) an appropriate header main body pipe diameter was deemed to be $32{\sim}50\;mm$. 2) the research presented design measures for the application of appropriate water supply inlet pipe diameters according to residential buildings with various sizes. 3) the header direct branch piping method is ideal for small and medium-sized residential complexes, and the header branching and semi header methods are deemed to be more favorable for large residential complexes. 4) this study offered design measures for appropriate header system main body pipe diameters, water supply inlet pipe diameters, header system piping methods, application methods for functional auxiliary equipment units, and header system installation spaces and location.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1999

In this study, the optimal analysis for pipe network is performed for the combined ideal pipe network system(CASE 1, CASE 2 and CASE 3) which is composed of 25 nodes, 41 elements, and 1 fixed nodal head with evaluating pressure variation distribution of main and branch in grid composed drainage pipe network. The linear analysis technique used as the analysis method in this study, the KYPIPE being used extensively as the linear technique to design and analysis of pipe network is applied. Firstly, in the analysis of pipe network, the CASE 2 and CASE 3 supply same thing(value) in the result of considering the total flow provided each pipeline, but in the general intension in the case of CASE 2, relative width of supply is more large than CASE 1 and CASE 3. Secondly, in the analysis technique of pipe network, CASE 3 is analysed largest as a result of comparing with same heads, and in the order of their size CASE 2 and CASE 1 were determined but the difference doesn't appear to be obvious. Thirdly, as the result of determining main factor, pressure in the design and analysis of net work. CASE 3 is from Node 3 to 25 than CASE 1 and CASE 2 and it is determined in the order of their size, CASE 2 and CASE 1. Finally, in this study, discharge flow distribution is evaluated in the same condition with 3-type CASE in the case of branch position for designing optimal composed drainage pipe network. As the result of that, branch pipe perform. Therefore, it is thought that the efficient and reasonable management of water supply and sewerage design will be possible if it give all our energies to study at the pipe system design in and out of country in the future.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.659-666
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• 2015

In this study, Hazen-Williams C value of pipes in wide waterworks system was estimated and statistically analyzed. Hazen-Williams C value of water pipe was predicted after 20 years of service period. From the results, it was found that C value of water pipe for treated water maintained higher value of 110 after 20 years of installation. Furthermore, it was found that velocity coefficients of steel pipe for less than and more than 20 years of installation were 117.7 and 109.3, respectively. C value of ductile iron pipe for less than and more than 20 years of installation were 118.1 and 114.2, respectively. In this study, it was also found that small value of C is used in the design of water pipe system. Therefore, excessively bigger size of pipe can be determined in the design of water pipe system. From the results of present study, optimum value of C can be used to avoid the oversized design of water pipe system.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1992

Large steel water pipes are joined prevalently by bell and method and welded at inside and outside of lapped parts. According to the Korean Standard(KS) for fabrication of water pipes, the weldments are designed to have the length of leg which is same as or larger than the thickness of the pipe. It is recently pointed out that the standard size of weldments is too large, which results in an excessive consumption of material and labor. In this study, several cases of weldments having different sizes were investigated to reduce the length of leg to the effective size. For each case, the analysis of stresses was carried out to evaluate the safety of the welded pipes by using a package program, ANSYS, under the consideration of the loading condition of water pipes which includes the soil pressure on the pipe, the load over the road, and temperature change of the pipe. The results of this study revealed that the weldment which has the length of leg of the size over 0.7*thickness of the pipe could provide a stress level below the yield strength. Especially when the length of leg is 85% of the wall thickness, the maximum equivalent stress is only slightly higher than that of the leg of fillet of the size of 1.0*pipe thickness.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2009

In this study, a thin plate-type heat pipe, instead of a solid aluminium heat sink, is used to eliminate heat released from LED components for lighting. Effects of the heat pipe size and installation angle are studied both in numerically and experimentally. According to the results, temperature on LED chip, when a heat pipe is used, is $1.2^{\circ}C$ lower than using the conventional metal PCB. The overall temperature drop is $32^{\circ}C$ if the heat pipe is properly used. The highest cooling performance is obtained in the case when the angle of a heat pipe installation is $90^{\circ}$.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

This study conducted a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis to find an appropriate diameter or sectional area of air ducts and fluid pipes which have an electromagnetic pulse(EMP) shied to protect indoor electronic devices in special buildings like military fortifications. The result shows that the optimized outdoor air intake size can be defined with either the ratio of the maximum air velocity in the supply duct to the air intake size, or the shape ratio of indoor supply diffuser to the outdoor air intake. In the case of water channel, the fluid velocity at EMP shield with the identical size of the pipe, decreases by 25% in average due to the resistance of the shield. The enlargement of diameter at the shield, 2 step, improves the fluid flow. It illustrated that the diameter of downstream pipe size is 1step larger than the upstream for providing the design flow rate. The shield increases friction and resistance, in the case of oil pipe, so the average flow velocity at the middle of the shield increase by 50% in average. In consideration of the fluid viscosity, the oil pipe should be enlarged 4 or 5 step from the typical design configuration. Therefore, the fluid channel size for air, water, and oil, should be reconsidered by the engineering approach when EMP shield is placed in the middle of channel.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.95-112
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• 1999

In this research, it is proposed that optimization method is introduced and applied to the design of pipeline system in multi-regional water supply project, which has been constructed to settle the regional unbalance problems of available water resources. For the purpose, interface programs are developed to integrate linear programming model and KYPIPE model which is used for optimization and hydraulic analysis, respectively. The developed program is applied to the pipeline system design of multi-regional water supply project. The optimal diameters from the application of linear programming technique are compared with those from conventional method that is time-consuming and tedious trail and error process. Since the conventional design largely depends upon the experience of designers and the results of general hydraulic analysis, it can not be reasonable and consistent. The application of linear programming technique can make it possible to design pipeline system optimally by using same design factors of general hydraulic models. The model can select commercial discrete pipe diameter as optimal size by using pipe length as decision variables. The developed model is applied to Pohang multi-regional water supply system design with two different objective functions, which are initial construction cost and annual cost including electric cost. As results, it is calculated that the initial construction cost of 1,449,740 thousand won is saved and annual cost of 128,951 thousand won is saved for a year within study year. Also, the optimal site of pump station is selected on 5th pipe, which is located between the diverging junction to Kangdong(2) province and the diverging junction to Cheonbuk province. It is explained that pump cost is less than pipe cost in this application case study due to little pump station scale. In the case of water supply with large pump capacity, it is reasonal that the increase of pipe size is more efficient instead the increase of pump station capacity to save annual cost.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.565-574
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• 1998

Colebrook(1938)이 수집한 상용관에 대한 관측자료에 의하면 상용관의 마찰계수 분포는 관의 종류와 크기에 따라 그 변이가 상이함을 알 수 있다. 본고는 그의 자료를 재분석하여 관로설게에 적용이 용이한 지수함수 형태의마찰계수 산정식을 도출하였다. 일반적으로 단일관로 설계에서 요구되는 사항들은 어떤 관로 조건이 주어져 있을 때 펌프동력 또는 관내 통과유량이나 적정관경의 산정이다. 균일조도관인 경우는 이미 유동훈(1995b)에 의해서 설계 기준식이 제시되었고, 유동훈과 강찬수(1996)에 의해서 더욱 일반적인 경우에 대한 해석으로 진전되었다. 또한 상용관인 경우도 유동훈과 강찬수(1997)에 의해서 보다 용이한 해석법이 이루어졌지만 그 연구결과는 보다 정확한 해를 구한다는 장점이 있는 반면에 산정식의 형태가 다소 복잡한 단점을 내포하고 있다. 이에 본고는 상용관에 대하여 두가지 유형의 지수형 관마찰계수 산정식을 개발하고 이들을 적용하여 보다 간단하게 관로 설계시 요구되는 사항들을 산출할 수 있는 양해법 산정식을 개발하여 제시하였다.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

In this paper, the full-size structural performance test for a lightweight soundproof tunnel composed of partitioned pipe truss members is carried out to investigate the structural performance. In addition, a nonlinear structural analysis of the same finite element model as the full-size testing model is performed to compare the test result. The test and analysis results showed that the lightweight soundproof tunnel ensures the structural safety against wind loads, snow loads and load combinations. As a result, the full-size test and analysis results meet all the design load conditions, hence the proposed lightweight soundproof tunnel is ready for the field application.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2020

In actual seawater desalination plant, the pressure loss due to frictional force of pipe is about 3~5 bar. Also, the pressure loss at pipe connection about 1~3 bar. Therefore, the total pressure loss in the pipe is expected to be about 4~8 bar, which translates into 0.111 to 0.222 kWh/㎥ of energy when converted into the Specific Energy Consumption(SEC). Reducing energy consumption is the most important factor in ensuring the economics of seawater desalination processes, but pressure loss in piping is often not considered in plant design. It is difficult to prevent pressure loss due to friction inside the pipe, but pressure loss at the pipe connection can be reduced by proper pipe design. In this study, seawater desalination plant piping analysis was performed using a commercial network program. The pressure loss and SEC for each case were calculated and compared by seawater desalination plant size.