• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

The objective of this research is to develop biomass allometric equation for Pinus densiflora in central region and Quercus variabilis. To develop the biomass allometric equation by species and tree component, data for Pinus densiflora in central region is collected to 30 plots (70 trees) and for Quercus variabilis is collected to 15 plots (32 trees). This study is used two independent values; (1) one based on diameter beast height, (2) the other, diameter beast height and height. And the equation forms were divided into exponential, logarithmic, and quadratic functions. The validation of biomass allometric equations were fitness index, standard error of estimate, and bias. From these methods, the most appropriate equations in estimating total tree biomass for each species are as follows: $W=aD^b$, $W=aD^bH^c$; fitness index were 0.937, 0.943 for Pinus densiflora in central region stands, and $W=a+bD+cD^2$, $W=aD^bH^c$; fitness index were 0.865, 0.874 for Quercus variabilis stands. in addition, the best performance of biomass allometric equation for Pinus densiflora in central region is $W=aD^b$, and Quercus variabilis is $W=a+bD+cD^2$. The results of this study could be useful to overcome the disadvantage of existing the biomass allometric equation and calculate reliable carbon stocks for Pinus densiflora in central region and Quercus variabilis in Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2008

The first pruning works of planted trees on forest area carry out when tree height reached at 6 meters. And the second works carry out when it grow to 12~13 meters of tree height. Pruning works are necessary for producing straight log without knar by tool or machine. Generally, the mechanized pruning works Self-propelled pruning machine, chain pruning saw and other tools are used in mechanized pruning works. However, manual pruning saw which is usually using pruning tool was for this study. To investigate the pruning works efficiency, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida which were distributed in Kangwon-Do was surveyed. Height of surveyed the trees were 10~16 meters and its pruning works range were 6.2~6.7 meters of tree height. As results, pruning works efficiency of Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida were 3.14 min/tree, 5.06 min/tree and 4.44 min/tree, respectively. Also, possible pruning works of man-day for Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida was 104, 64, and 81 trees, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to suggest the vegetation structure and management plan of forests at Anmyundo. Sixteen plot were established in the forests and surveyed. The plant communities were classified into three community type, which were Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community. It was hypothesized that Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata community will be changed to Quercus Spp. community. The vegetation management for successional controls on long-term basis was suggested. Dominant trees were mid-size trees(21~30year-old and DBH 18~28cm), and large trees(over DBH 30cm) appeared only at the Recreation Forest and Kuksabong. Anmyundo forests should be managed with a priority given to Pinus densifolra. Forest trees should be planted in consideration of environmental conditions and Pinus densifolra densities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2009

A new mixed-effects model was developed that predicts individual-tree total height for Pinus densiflora trees in Gangwon province as a function of individual-tree diameter (cm). The mixed-effects model contains two random-effects parameters. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to fit the model to 560 height-diameter observations of individual trees measured throughout Gwangwon province in 2007 as part of the National Forest Inventory Program in Korea. The new model is an improvement over fixed-effects models because it can be calibrated to a local area, such as an inventory plot or individual stand. The new model also appears to be an improvement over the Forest Resources Evaluation and Prediction Program for the ten calibration trees used in this study. An example is provided that describes how to estimate the random-effects parameters using ten calibration trees.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 1999

Thirty-two plots have been set up and surveyed to investigate the plant community structure and distribution density of Pinus thunbergii-P. densiflora forest in Kojedo District, Hallyo-Haesang National Park. By DCA ordination technique P. thunbergii-P. densiflora forest was classified into P. thunbergii community, P. thunbergii-P. densiflora community, and P. densiflora community. The trend of plant community succession was invalid. The results of simple regression analysis between mean DBH(cm), mean distribution distance(m), and number of individual of P. thunbergii and P. densiflora were as follows: Distribution distance(m) = 0.094$\times$DBH(cm)-0.1248, Number of individual=1,820.1$\times$(cm)$DBH^{-1.6734}$ , Distribution distance(m)=6.6805$\times$Number of $individual^{-0.5425}$ .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.143-152
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• 2009

This study has been carried out to estimate carbon contents in an average 37-years-old Pinus densiflora plantations and an average 42-years-old natural Quercus acutissima stands in Gongju, Chungnam Province. Average carbon concentration in stemwood, stembark, branch, foliage, and root were 54.59% in Pinus densiflora and 53.73% in Quercus acutissima stands. Aboveground carbon contents was estimated by the equation model logWt = A + BlogD where Wt is oven-dry weight in kg and D is DBH in cm. Total carbon contents was 79.28t/ha in Pinus densiflora stands and 71.52t/ha in Quercus acutissima stands. Net primary carbon production was estimated at 9.79tC/ha/yr in Pinus densiflora stands and 5.52tC/ha/yr in Quercus acutissima stands.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.242-247
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• 1989

This study was conducted to estimate the inheritance of allozyme variants in IDH, ME and PGI, using megagametophyte tissue of seeds of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii in Kyungpook province. Two alleles at a single locus were detected for MH in Pinus densiflora, but Pinus thunbergii showed no varition, showing only one band. Four alleles at one locus were determined for ME in Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii. Two loci were found for PGI and no variation seemed to occurred in A-locus as the presence of one single band. Five alleles were presented in B-locus in Pinus densiflora, but two alleles $B_1$ and $B_2$ in Pinus thunbergii. In PGI, an allozyme composed of multiple bands is observed from haploid megagamtophyte tissues. The isozyme variants of IDH, ME and PGI were appeared to segregate into 1 : 1 ratio for all zones.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2017

In this study, it was intended to compare the two methodologies for forest management project through extension of rotation age: Korean Forest Carbon Offset Standard (KFOS) and Verified Carbon Standard (VCS). The amount of carbon removals and offset credits based on the two methodologies and their trends were analyzed in this study. The major difference between two methodologies were found at the process of estimation of baseline carbon removals. For instance, average carbon stock during the project period was used for estimation of baseline carbon removals in KFOS, while average carbon stock change during the 100 years was used in VCS. Due to the different approach for estimation of baseline carbon removal, the estimated offset credits were also different according to the two methodologies. In this study, 15 project scenarios were considered for comparison of two methodologies : 5 major coniferous stands in Korea (Pinus densiflora in Gangwon region, Pinus densiflora in Central region, Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, Chamaecyparis obtusa) with 3 project periods (30, 35, 40 years). The results showed that estimated carbon offset credits based on the KFOS methodology were higher for all 15 scenarios compared to those based on the VCS methodology. The KFOS showed a steep decline in the annual offset credit as project period gets longer, thus it is not desirable for projects with longer period. VCS is more acceptable for longer projects with a small difference according to the project periods. The results also indicated that Pinus densiflora in Gangwon, Pinus koraiensis, and Larix leptolepis are more desirable species for forest management project through the extension of ration age.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.682-685
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• 2010

Coring has been widely used to measure annual increment in temperate forest ecosystems. This method is attractive because cores can be taken in just one visit. However, the accuracy of this method has not been tested. We expected coring to be less accurate than band dendrometers because of the eccentricity of tree growth. We studied 41 trees at the Long Term Experimental Forest in Mt. Gyebang, which has been monitored with band dendrometers since 1996. We collected two tree cores from the south and north face of each tree, 10 cm below the growth band. Increment cores were measured to 0.01 mm under stereomicroscopy. Annual growth from 1997 to 2006 was 3.2 mm $yr^{-1}$ for Quercus mongolica, 3.5 mm $yr^{-1}$ for Kalopanax septemlobus, and 5.7 mm $yr^{-1}$ for Pinus densiflora. The difference between the two methods was 10% for Q. mongolica, 14% for K. septemlobus, and 4% for P. densiflora. Compaction in the corer and shrinkage during drying decreased diameter increment by 5.6% and 1.0% on P. densiflora, respectively. This study suggests that the two methods for annual increment measurement are very similar, but species specificity should be concerned for direct comparison.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

Korea's researchers have recently studied the prediction of forest change, but they have not considered landuse/cover change compared to distribution of forest vegetation. The purpose of our study is to predict forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula in the 2090's. The methods of this study were Multi-layer perceptrom neural network for Landuse/cover (water, urban, barren, wetland, grass, forest, agriculture) change and Multinomial Logit Model for distribution prediction for forest vegetation (Pinus densiflora, Quercus Spp., Alpine Plants, Evergreen Broad-Leaved Plants). The classification accuracy of landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula was 71.3%. Urban areas expanded with large cities as the central, but forest and agriculture area contracted by 6%. The distribution model of forest vegetation has 63.6% prediction accuracy. Pinus densiflora and evergreen broad-leaved plants increased but Quercus Spp. and alpine plants decreased from the model. Finally, the results of forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change increased Pinus densiflora to 38.9% and evergreen broad-leaved plants to 70% when it is compared to the current climate. But Quercus Spp. decreased 10.2% and alpine plants disappeared almost completely for most of the Korean Peninsula. These results were difficult to make a distinction between the increase of Pinus densiflora and the decrease of Quercus Spp. because of they both inhabit a similar environment on the Korean Peninsula.