• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 1999

These studies were designed to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) needle extract (PNE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as a study on investigation of anti-aging effect and determination of chemical structures of PNE through the animal experiments. Male SD rats were fed basic diets (control group) and experimental diets (0.5% and 1.0%-PNE group) for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in hydroxyl radical (·OH) formations of liver mitochondria and microsomes in 0.5%-PNE group, while ·OH formations were significantly decreased (10% and 18%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of 1.0%-PNE group compared with control group. Microsomal hydrogen peroxides and cytosolic superoxide radicals were remarkably decreased (20% and 20∼25%, respectively) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in mitochondria were significantly increased about 10% in 1.0%-PNE group, while Mn-SOD activities in mocrosomes were remarkably increased (16∼20%) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. There were no significant differences in Cu, Zn-SOD activities of liver cytosol in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups, while glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly decreased (28∼30% and 15∼30%, respectively) in liver cytosols of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. These results suggest that these PNE may play a effective role in a attenuating a oxygen radical formations and increasing a scavenger enzyme activities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1925-1931
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• 2017

Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract, PineXol (PX), was investigated for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects in vitro. It was hypothesized that PX treatment ($25-150{\mu}g/ml$) would reduce the lipid synthesis in HepG2 hepatocytes as well as lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Hepatocytes' intracellular triglycerides and cholesterol were decreased in the PX $150{\mu}g/ml$ treatment group compared with the control (p < 0.05). Consequently, de novo lipogenic proteins (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) were significantly decreased in hepatocytes by PX $150{\mu}g/ml$ treatment compared with the control (p < 0.05). In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the lipid accumulation was significantly attenuated by all PX treatments (p < 0.01). Regulators of adipogenesis, including CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins alpha, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma, and perilipin, were decreased in PX $100{\mu}g/ml$ treatment compared with the control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PX might have anti-obesity effects by blocking hepatic lipogenesis and by inhibiting adipogenesis in adipocytes.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2006

Objectives : We investigated the aniti-aging effects of the cosmetic products with Pinus densiflora on human skin by using non-invasive instruments. Methods : We made cosmetic products containing the extract of the needles of red pine, and measured physiological effects such as skin wrinkles, clarity, evenness, lifting, corneocyte exfoliation after volunteers applied the cosmetic products for 8 weeks. Results : We observed a skin lifting effect and a decrease in corneocytes amount after using the cosmetic products for 4 weeks. And the wrinkles, evenness and clarity of face skin improved significantly. Conclusion : We concluded that the cosmetic products containing the extract of the needles of reel pine had an anti-aging effect on the human face skin.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.508-513
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• 2009

우리나라에서 자생하고 있는 소나무류 가운데 대표적인 적송(pinus densiflora)을 열수 및 아임계 추출하여 콜레스테롤식이에 의해 혈 중 지질함량이 증가한 상태에서 흰쥐의 지질 및 혈류, 혈소판 응집 억제를 통하여 적송잎이 혈행 및 혈청 중의 지질개선에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 본 실험에서는 콜레스테롤식이로 혈행 장애와 혈중의 높은 지질함량을 유도시키기 위해 흰쥐에게 3주간 0.5%콜레스테롤 식이를 투여하였고 적송의 효능을 검토하기 위해 적송잎의 열수 및 아임계추출물을 병합 투여하여 실험하였다. 그 결과 혈청 중 중성지방 및 총콜레스테롤 함량은 적송잎 추출물 투여(열수 및 아임계추출)에 의해 저하되었으며, 특히 중성지방 함량을 유의적으로 감소시키는 결과를 나타내었다. 한편 Hdl-콜레스테롤 농도는 콜레스테롤 식이 투여에 의해 감소하였으나, 적송잎 열수 및 아임계추출물 투여에 의해 증가되었다. Ldl-콜레스테롤과 동맥경화지수(AI)와 심혈관위험지수(CRF) 또한 적송잎 추출물 투여에 의해 저하되었다. 콜레스테롤 식이 투여로 인해 혈장 내 혈액응고인자(coagulation factors)의 지나친 활성화 및 혈소판 응집 촉진으로 혈류의 모세관 통과 시간이 늦어 졌으나, 적송잎 추출물의 투여로 인해 혈류의 속도가 빨라짐을 볼 수 있었고, 이는 적송잎이 혈액의 유동성에 좋은 영향을 줄 것으로 사료되어진다. 적송잎 추출물의 항혈소판 응집에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 0.5%콜레스테롤 식이 투여(0.5%CHOL)군의 경우 대조군(CON)에 비해 혈소판이 응집되는 결과가 나타난 반면 적송잎 추출물을 투여한 군은 0.5%CHOL군에 비해 혈소판 응집이 억제되는 것으로 나타났다 이상의 결과로 미루어 적송잎이 혈행 개선과 혈청 중의 지질개선 효과를 나타내어 동맥경화증, 혈전증 등의 혈관 관련성 질환에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대되며, 기능성 식품 및 식재료로 사용하기 위한 앞으로의 더욱 구체적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.244-251
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• 1998

To understand the effect of supplement of water extract of pine needle(WEPN) on shelf-life enhancement of the kimchi, activities of four enzymes and number of lactic acid bacteria, during fermentation of the kimchi, were assayed. Enzyme activities of kimchi fermented for 7 days with supplement by 2% water extract of pine needle showed amylase of 86.4%, protease of 85.8%, polygalacturonase of 61.5% and $\beta$-galactosidase of 58.8% against the control kimchi. WEPN showed weak inhibitory effect when it was applied to the isolated enzymes in vitro then those menifested by the kimchi in vivo. Number of total bacterial cell of WEPN supplemented kimchi increased by 10 folds than control between 7 to 14 days of fermentation. On contrast, number of lactic acid bacteria decreased maximaly to 21% of control by fermentation. The clear zone formed on paper disk by WEPN against L. plantarum was larger than that of Leu. mesenteroides.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2010

Fusarium circinatum은 소나무류에 푸사리움 가지마름병을 유발하는 병원균으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 골프장의 리기다소나무로부터 병원균을 분리하였으며, 이들의 형태적인 특성을 관찰하고 분자생물학적인 방법을 이용하여 동정한 결과 F. circinatum 임을 확인하였다. 특히 histone H3 유전자와 IGS rDNA의 염기서열을 분석한 결과 분리된 균들의 염기서열은 동일하였으며, 유성생식(mating)에 관여하는 유전자를 분석한 결과 모두 MAT1-1 유형임을 확인하였다. 또한 푸사리움 가지마름병에 대한 감수성 수종인 리기다소나무를 비롯하여 저항성 수종인 잣나무와 소나무의 메탄올 추출물을 만들어 이들의 병원균에 대한 항균력을 검정하였다. 그 결과 저항성 수종인 잣나무와 소나무의 추출물에서 리기다소나무 보다 높은 항균력을 확인 하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.701-710
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• 1993

The pine needles, Pinus densiflow Sieb. et Zucc., which is a feed for goats showing a low incidence rate of cancer were evaluated to confirm the potent anticancer effects, with or without several conventional anticancer drugs. The pine needles collected from Mt. Buk-Han located near Seoul were extracted with 95% methanol and methand and concentrated. From the methanol extract, SOM-A, was extracted dichlormethane and SOM-B was extracted with ethyl acetate. SOM-C was extracted with distilled water. These extracts were tested for their antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Among them, SOM-A and SOM-C exhibited potent antitumor activities described as belows. 1. The cytotoxic effects of SOM-A and SOM-C were examined against in vitro cultured murine and humman tumor cells. SOM-A showed strong cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines and SOM-C showed strong cytotoxicity against murine tumor cell lines tested. 2. The antitumor effects of SOM-A and SOM-C were examined against P388 and L1210 of mouse ascitic tumors. The highest mean survival time(MST) ration was 151%(P388) for SOM-C(90mg/kg). 3. To compare the antitumor effects of SOM-A, SOM-B, and SOM-C against solid tumors, S-180 and Ehrlich carcinoma were implanted subcutaneously to mice on Day O. The drugs were given intraperitoneally to mice once a day on Days 1-20, and the tumor weights were measured on Day 21. SOM-A showed inhibition of tumor growth more than 50% in the experiment on S-180 and Ehrlich, and SOM-C also markedly inhibited tumor growth. However, SOM-B had no effect. 4. SOM-C combined with ${\alpha}$-interferon and SOM-C combined with Mitomycin-C enhanced the antitumor activities against murine ascitic tumors P388 leukemia.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.293-297
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• 1997

To develope natural food preservatives of pine needle (Pinus densiflora Seib et Zucc.) extract, pine needle sap, ethanol and ether extracts were prepared for investigation of antimicrobial activities against food-related bacteria and yeasts. All extracts exhibited growth inhibiting activities for most of microorganisms tested. However, in general, growth inhibiting activities were higher in ethanol extract than in sap or ether extract. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ethanol extract for Lactobacillus casei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherchia coli were as low as 0.1 mg/ml, whereas MIC of sap or ether extract for most bacteria and yeasts were 0.25-0.8mg/ml, indicating that the ethanol extract showed the antimicrobial activity by 2.5 $\sim$8 times higher than the sap and ether extract. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was reduced by heating or alkali treatment. Moreover, growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was completely inhibited within 24 hours by the addition of at least 50ppm of ethanol extract. These findings suggest that pine needle, specially the ethanol extrat may play a role for natural food preservatives.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2008

To investigate the functional properties and the antioxidant effect of pine needle(Pinus densiflora), the pine needle extract was obtained with methanol and its functionality was measured by spectrophotometric method, and the antioxidant experiment on soybean oil was carried out by the active oxygen method. The extraction yield of pine needle with 99% methanol was about 19%, the total flavonoid content of the pine needle-methanol extract was 11.32 mg/g on dry basis and the superoxide dismutase-like activity was 94.3%. The nitrite scavenging ability of the extract was pH dependent with the values of 77.44% at pH 1.2, 48.45% at pH 3.0 and 11.04% at pH 6.0, respectively. The peroxide value was 92.6 meq/kg at 5% dosage, 138.4 meq/kg at 2% dosage of the extract on 8 oxidation days. The period of the peroxide value to be 100 mg/kg was 4.9, 6.3 and 8.5 days at control, 2% and 5% dosage of extract, respectively. And the relative antioxidant effectiveness of the extract was 27.9% and 72.3% increase at 2% and 5% dosage, respectively, compared to control. The thiobarbituric acid value showed few differences within 4 oxidation days, but with the dosage of the extract it fairly decreased with considerable antioxidant effect to control above 4 days.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권4호
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• pp.388-392
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• 2006

국내에 분포하는 리지나뿌리썩음병균(Rhizina undulata)의 생리적 특성 및 유전적 다양성을 밝히기 위하여, 소나무(Pinus densiflora) 및 곰솔(P. thunbergii) 림으로부터 분리한 13종의 리지나뿌리썩음병균 분리주를 공시하여 각 분리주들의 배양 특성 및 RAPD에 의한 유전적 다양성을 분석하였다. P. densiflora 및 P. thunbergii로부터 제조한 수용성 추출물 첨가배지에서의 각 분리주들의 균사생장 특성을 조사한 결과, 각 분리주들의 기주와 분리주들의 기주로 부터 추출한 수용성 추출물 배지에서의 균사생장량 간에는 상관관계를 발견할 수 없었다. 한편, 12종의 random primer를 사용하여 R. undulata 분리주들의 genomic DNA의 random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)에 의한 유전적 다양성을 분석한 결과, 국내 분리주들의 RAPD profile은 모두 동일하였다. 그러나, 국내 분리주들의 RAPD profile과 일본 분리주와는 다소 차이를 나타내었는데 즉, RAPD profile의 phylogenetic tree 분석 결과, 국내 분리주들과 일본분리주와는 88%의 상동성을 나타내었다.