• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2011

A comparative study was conducted on genetic correlation between 12 open-pollinated families (32-year-old) and their one-year-old seedlings for early selection on the fast-growing trait in Pinus densiflora S. et Z.. Those twelve families were divided into three groups such as superior, intermediate, and inferior, on the base of the growth indexes of 32-year-old P. densiflora. The growth performance of the 32-year-old P. densiflora showed significant correlation with the growth traits of their one-year-old seedlings. Dry weights of the seedlings had significant correlation (P < 0.01) with the growth index of the adult plants and its $R^2$ value was 0.597, suggesting that 59.7% of the families could be selected by using dry weights of one-year-old seedlings. Furthermore, the growth rates of seedling heights for superior, intermediate, and inferior groups were 4.568, 3.773, and 3.535, respectively, resulting that seedlings of the superior group grew approximately 1.3-fold faster than those of the inferior group. Therefore, we concluded that two growth traits of one-year-old seedlings dry weight and growth rate were suppose to the early selection factors for the fast-growing trait for P. densiflora.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the species of coffin woods excavated at Mundangdong in Gimcheon and to date this coffin by using tree-ring method. All coffin woods were identified as red pines, most possibly, Pinus densiflora S. et Z. Tree-ring dating provided absolute years of 3 among 19 coffins. Both I-9 and II-22 coffins were estimated to be made in the mid-seventeenth century, and I-65-1 in the mid-sixteenth century. Others possessed too few rings to be dated.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the solid wood bending properties of red pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.)naturally grown in Korea by boiling treatment The specimens were green and their dimension was $15\times15\times350mm$. The optimum conditions for solid wood bending processing of pine lumber are shown in Table 6 and the minimum solid bending radius was 240 mm in boiling treatment. The effects of knot on the degradation of bending processing properties were very severe and the failures of diagonal and torn grained wood were 20% and 30% respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.30-32
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• 1965

Many kind tree species are growing in Korea. However most of them are inferior in wood qualities and production for commercial utilization except several species. Among the useful several species Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et. Z.) is growing in main tree species and most generally utilizing wood in korean forest. It is used widely as mine timbers, cross ties, boxes, floorings, pulpwoods, constructions and engineerings. Although this species is most useful and economical in this country, the basical properties on relation between wood and relative humidities were not studied certainly. This study was performed by need of inspection the hygroscopic and swelling properties to be apllied for physical manufacturing. According to the results the Equilibrium Moisture Contents of each relative humidity conditions are as table (3), and the swelling values of sap and heartwood are as table (4) and (5) in text. In this study sapwood moisture contents are higher than heartwood in each relative humidities conditions. Tangential and radial ratios of average swelling values are 1:1.971 in sapwood and 1:2.178 in heartwood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.22-28
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• 2007

Using woodceramics made from sawdust board of pine thinning logs, changes in surface temperature were investigated, by the heating rate and keeping time at maximum temperature. The heating rate of $2^{\circ}C/min$ and keeping time at maximum temperature 1 hour, were the highest in surface temperature. Also, it was found that woodcermics maintained heat for a long time because the descending velocity of their surface temperature was slower than that of the heater.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.402-407
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to analyze the crown vertical structure, crown bulk density, and to develop regression models for predicting crown fuel load using the data from 10 destructively sampled Pinus densiflora trees in Bonghwa, Gyeongbuk. The fuel loads were observed higher in the middle portion of the vertical distribution of crown followed by the lower portion and upper portion of Pinus densiflora, respectively. Approximately 25% crown fuel load was found in the needle while 33% was observed in the branches with <1 cm diameter with a total of 58% available fuel loads. The average crown bulk density was $0.45kg/m^3$, and $0.27kg/m^3$ of this was available in the needles and branches with <1 cm diameters. The resulting models in linear equations were able to account for 84% and 88% of the observed variation, while the allometric equations with diameter at breast height as the single predictor showed better results to account for 90% and 95% of the observed variation in the available crown fuel loads and total crown fuel loads, respectively. The suggested equations in this study could provide quantitative fuel load attributes for crown fire behavior models and fire management of red pine stands in Bonghwa areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to analyze the changes of crown fire hazard possibility from the effects of forest tending works (FTW) in Pinus densiflora stands in Korea. The study sites were located in Youngju (FTW) and Bonghwa (Control) areas. Ten representative sample trees were destructively felled at each areas to analyze the crown fuel characteristics. The results of this study showed that crown fuel moisture content in Youngju and Bonghwa areas were 103.6% and 104.4%, respectively. The needles and twigs with less than 1cm diameter accounted 50.3% of the total crown fuel load in Youngju area and 62.0% in Bonghwa area. On the other hand, it was observed in Youngju that the canopy bulk density was $0.11kg/m^3$ lower but have 1.3 m higher average canopy base height therefore having a possibility of lower crown fire hazard as compared to Bonghwa that had higher canopy bulk density and lower canopy base height.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1985

In this study, the vegetation of Pinus densiflora S. et Z., Pinus regida Miller, Pinus koraiensis S. et Z., and Larix kaempferi Satgent (major conifers) stands planted in the Chungcheong-province was investigated to obtain the fundamental informations for the improvement of coniferous barks utilization. The results may be summarized as follows; 1) Barks are much richer in quantity of extractives and lignin than the corresponding wood. Alcohol-benzene extractives of Pinus koraiensis barks are the highest among others. Pentosan contents are lower in the bark than in the wood, but pentosan contents of the Larix kaempferi bark is the highest among others. 2) Barks are acid in nature, and PH values of barks varying from 3.5 to 4.1 are lower than that of wood. The ash contents of barks are greater than the corresponding wood. 3) A bark comprises from 13.9 to 19.8 percents of a typical log by volume. The calorific values are higher in the barks than in the wood, and calorific values of Pinus koraiensis barks are the highest among others.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1983

The effects of the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, on the growth of the Korean red pine, Pinus densiflora, were examined for the natural forest stands at nine locations: Seocheon-gun, Boryong-gun, and Hongseong-gun in Chooncheongnam-do, where consequence of the infestation had been different. To estimate the economic threshold level of the pine needle gall midge, the growth impacts due to the insect were examined with terminal shoot growth, and cambial growth by analyzing the growth horizontally and vertically. The results obtained are as follows: 1) In general, the growth impacts of the red pine trees were significant for the five consecutive years since damage had occurred, and its maximum retardation was shown in the second and the third years. 2) Simultaneous retardation occurred in both terminal and cambial growth of the tree, probably due to cumulative characteristics of the feeding behaviour. 3) Strong correlation was found between terminal and cambial growth of Korean red pine and this was true for the trees infested by pine needle gall midge. Thus retardation in cambial growth due to the insect may be estimated with that in terminal growth. 4) Infestation was greater on slope facing north than south even though the history of the infestation had been similar. 5) The stem volume of 13-year-old, infested Korean red pine was reduced by more than 75-85%, compared to same aged, uninfected pine in yield table. Thus, much longer period is required to recover the normal growth.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.55-60
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• 1992

Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et. Z.) decayed by brown-rot fungi Tyromyces palustris and Gloeophyllum trabeum were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectral examinations. Pine woods decayed by T. palustris showed the increase of relative crystallinity in the initial stage of degradation. When the weight loss was above 30%, then the crystallinity went down slowly. In contrast, the wood samples degraded by G. trabeum showed the decrease of crystallinity from the beginning stage of decay. The changes of crystallinity in brown-rotted woods suggested that the degradation rate of crystalline cellulose was varied with the brown rot fungal species. X-ray diffraction analyses also indicated that crystalline cellulose was much more slowly broken down than the amorphous one. The most notable difference in the IR spectra of the brown-rotted wood samples was that the adsorption band centered at 1,730$cm^{-1}$ was significantly diminished in the decayed wood. indicating the degradation of hemicellulose by brown-rot fungi. However, no marked changes of intensities at 1,000, 1,060 and 1,040$cm^{-1}$ were observed in the brown rotted wood samples, suggesting that crystal line cellulose was resistant against the attack by brown rot fungi.