• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.618-638
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• 2018

한남금북정맥과 금북정맥 마루금 일대 식생구조를 파악하기 위해 환경조건과 인위적 영향을 고려해 한남금북정맥 2곳, 금북정맥 5곳의 중점조사지를 선정하여 식생조사를 실시하였다. TWINSPAN에 의한 군락분류 결과, 한남금북정맥은 굴참나무-상수리나무군락, 소나무-신갈나무군락, 소나무군락, 소나무-신갈나무-굴참나무군락, 소나무-낙엽성 참나무혼효군락, 잣나무군락, 신갈나무-굴참나무군락, 일본잎갈나무-잣나무군락 등 8개 군락으로 나눠졌다. 금북정맥의 경우는 굴참나무군락, 낙엽활엽수혼효군락, 신갈나무군락, 소나무-신갈나무-굴참나무군락, 상수리나무군락, 소나무-상수리나무-굴참나무군락, 소나무-신갈나무-리기다소나무군락, 소나무-곰솔-낙엽성 참나무혼효군락, 잣나무군락 등 9개 군락으로 유형화되었다. 한남금북정맥과 금북정맥에는 남한의 정맥과 백두대간 마루금 인근에서 폭넓게 분포하는 신갈나무와 소나무를 우점종으로 하는 조사구의 비율이 높았다. 일부 조사구에서 조림된 밤나무와 잣나무가 출현해 과거 인간의 간섭이 있었던 것으로 보인다. 이러한 사실을 통해 볼 때 한남금북정맥과 금북정맥 대부분의 지역에 인간의 간섭이 있었던 것으로 파악할 수 있다. 중점조사지역 중 금북정맥에 해당하는 가야산지역은 해양성기후와 대륙성기후가 교차되는 지역으로 지역적 특성이 반영된 곰솔이 출현하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.121-134
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• 1995

주왕산국립공원 소나무림의 식물군집구조분석을 위하여 25개소에 조사구(1개 조사구당 l00$m^2$)를 설치하고 식생조사를 실시하여 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification과 DCA에 의한 ordination기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 전체 조사구는 TWINSPAN에 의하여 소나무-굴참나무군집, 소나무-졸참나무군집, 소나무-쇠물푸레군집, 소나무-쇠물푸레-참나무류군집, 소나무-활엽수혼효림군집 등 5개의 군집으로 분리되었다. 본 조사지의 천이계열은 교목상층에서는 소나무$\longrightarrow$졸참나무, 신갈나무$\longrightarrow$서어나무, 교목하층 및 관목층에서는 조록싸리, 참싸리, 진달래$\longrightarrow$쪽동백나무, 국수나무, 산초$\longrightarrow$당단풍, 생강나무로 추정되었다. 환경인자인 토양함수량과 토양산도는 군집간 차이가 없었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2020

본 연구는 식물학적 가치가 높으나 식물과 관련된 연구가 전무한 접도를 대상으로 식생 특성을 파악하여 데이터베이스구축을 목적으로 진행하였다. 식생 특성을 알아보기 위해 100㎡ 크기의 조사구 52개소를 설치하여 조사·분석하였다. TWINSPAN에 의한 군락분류 결과, 곰솔-소나무군락, 소나무-졸참나무군락, 소사나무-굴참나무군락, 소사나무-상수리나무군락, 굴참나무-소사나무군락, 구실잣밤나무군락, 육박나무-동백나무군락 총 7개 군락으로 유형화되었다. 접도의 식생은 크게 상록침엽수군락(군락 I, II), 소사나무-낙엽성 참나무류혼효군락(군락 III, IV, V), 상록활엽수군락(군락 VI, VII)로 구분할 수 있다. 상록침엽수군락은 현재 소나무, 곰솔이 졸참나무와 경쟁 상태에 있으며, 천이 중간단계 및 극상단계의 구실잣밤나무, 육박나무 등의 세력이 미비하여 현재상태가 유지될 것으로 판단된다. 소사나무-낙엽성 참나무류혼효군락은 토양조건의 영향으로 식생발달 속도가 늦어 현재상태가 오랫동안 유지될 것으로 판단되며, 상록활엽수군락은 소나무, 곰솔 등의 천이 초기단계에서 졸참나무를 거쳐 구실잣밤나무, 육박나무 등으로 천이가 진행되고 있다. 표본목의 연령은 대체적으로 유사하게 나타나고 있으며, 가장 오래된 수목은 구실잣밤나무로 예측연령이 약 59년이었다. 주요 수종별 상관관계 분석을 통해 곰솔과 사스레피나무, 소나무와 쇠물푸레나무, 육박나무와 동백나무 등이 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였으며, 소나무와 소사나무, 소사나무와 사스레피나무가 높은 부의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

This study compared the antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content of three Pinus plants (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. rigida) for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of the water fraction of methanol extract of fresh leaves was stronger than that of fallen leaves at any concentrations. The water fraction of crude methanol extract from fresh leaves of P. thunbergii showed a higher growth inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria than that of P. densiflora and P. rigida. The results from the disc diffusion method followed by measurements of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) indicate that Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive microorganism with the lowest MIC value. The highest total phenolic content was found in fresh leaves of P. rigida and P. thunbergii. The assay showed that the fresh leaves of the three Pinus plants contained higher total phenolic content than fallen leaves of the three plants. The antimicrobial activity was related with the total phenolic content.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

In this study, we carried out the emissions analysis of CO and $non-CO_2$ for the age-classes of various pine trees(Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus thunbergii Parl.) to estimate of emission factors of the crown layer and surface layer in the forest fire. We used the thermal characteristic analyzer cone heater and NDIR analyzer in order to measure amount of emission. As a result, the major emissions of Pinus koraiensis were $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ and that of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was only CO. The major emissions of the most of pine trees were NO and $N_2O$. The $CO_2$ emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was the highest about as $7.26{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}1.63{\times}10^{-1}g$ and next came Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida Mill.. And the CO emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was about $5.14{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.58{\times}10^{-3}g$ and followed by Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida Mill.. The emissions of $CH_4$, NO, and $N_2O$ showed small differences between species and the emission of $CH_4$ was $8.37{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.55{\times}10^{-4}g$, and NO was $6.65{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-4}g$ and $N_2O$ was $1.42{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}2.09{\times}10^{-3}g$ in all species. Particularly, the emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was the highest in all pine trees except $CH_4$.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1988

^x This study was executed to analyze the vegetational landscape structure of Donggu Royal Tomb forest by four kinds of ordination techniques(polar, principal component analysis, reciprocal averaging, and detrended correspondence analysis) and comparison of the couple photographs between 1920s and 1987. Thirteen sites were sampled with clumped sampling method in June of 1987 and five quadrats were examined in each site. The result of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Environmental impact grade 3,4 and 5 area covered 16.11ha and these area should be restored by the input of human energy because self - refair seemed to be impossible. 2. Pinus densiflora community of actual vegetation covered 8.2%, Alnus japonica community 5.7% and quercus aliena community 15.8% of the surveyed area(73.3ha). And afforested vegetation including Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Alnus hirsuta and Robinia pseudoacacia covered 27.0%. 3. Donggu Royal Tomb forest was divided by Pinus densiflora, P. densiflora-Quercus aliena, Alnus japonia - Q. aliena and A. japonica community. DCA was the most effective method of this study. 4. DCA ordination were showed that succesional trends of tree species seem to be from Pinus densiflora through Prunus sargentii, Quercus serrata, Quercus aliena to Carpinus laxiflora in P. densiflora community and from Alnus japonica through Acer ginnala to Q. aliena in A. japonica community of the upper layer and from Rosa multiflora, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Zanthoxylum schiniflolium through Rhus trichocarpa, Styrax japonica, Rhododendron scilippenbachii to Viburum erosum, Lindera obtusiloba in the middle layer. 5. By the comparsion of the couple photographs beween 1920s and 1987, we can recognize the change of historical landscape composed by P. densiflora and A. japonica community and those community is succeed to Q. aliena.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate ectomycorrhizal (ECM) diversity on Pinus densiflora seedlings in a disturbed pine forest. Pine seedlings less than one year old were collected from disturbed and undisturbed sites in the Mt. Songni region. The belowground ECM fungal communities colonizing P. densiflora seedlings were studied using morphotyping and DNA sequencing. The relative abundance of ECM root tips was significantly higher in the undisturbed sites than in the disturbed sites, and the ECM species diversity was lower in the disturbed sites than in the undisturbed sites. In addition, the ECM community composition was significantly different in the disturbed and undisturbed forest sites.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2001

The antioxidant activity of Pinus densiflora was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The methanol extract of P. densiflora showed strong antioxidant activity, and thus fractionated with several solvents. The antioxidant activity potential of the individual fraction was in the order of ethyl acetate>n-butanol>water>dichloromethane> n-hexane fraction. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibiting strong antioxidant activity was further purified by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Antioxidant (+)-catechin was isolated as one of the active principles from the ethyl acetate fraction, together with the inactive components, dihydrokaempferol and 1-O-benzoylglucose. The radical scavenging effect of (+)-catechin on DPPH radical exceeded to that of L-ascorbic acid which is a well known antioxidant.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of soil ameliorators on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities in coal mine spoils was investigated. Organic fertilizers and slaked lime were applied as soil ameliorators in 3 abandoned coal mine spoils. One year after the initial treatment, roots of Pinus densiflora seedlings were collected and the number of ECM species, colonization rate, and species diversity were assessed. The results showed that the soil ameliorators significantly increased ECM colonization on the roots of P. densiflora. The results suggest that soil ameliorators can have a positive effect on ECM fungi in terms of growth of host plants and show the potential use of soil ameliorator treatment for revegetation with ECM-colonized pine seedlings in the coal mine spoils.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.527-538
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• 2009

A village grove is the one fostered and protected for a district's traditional life near the vicinity of a ruderal village. This research is done to grasp potential natural vegetation, to use a basis data needed for its management and preservation as well as restoration project by examining the vegetation and flora targeting a village grove of the southern district of Gyeonggi-do which has been seriously damaged subsequent to a rapidly progressing city development. According to the survey, there appeared an outgrowth flora of Pteridophyta consisting of 69 families, 136 genera, 20 varieties, 3 forms, 170 species-totalling to 193 taxa. Urbanization index was revealed to 4.55% and naturalization rate 6.74%. In life-cycle pattern, perennials were found to show the highest distribution rate; in infiltration-multiplication strategies, human wave tactics type was found to be the highest 51%, consisting of 98 species, and naturalization rate also was revealed to be 6.74%. The vegetation unit was divided into a total of 11 patterns, such as a community of Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Pinus rigida community, Pinus densiflora-Castanea crenata community, Pinus rigida community, Pinus rigida-Castanea crenata community, Pinus rigida-Quercus acutissima community, Castanea crenata community, Castanea crenata-Quercus acutissima community, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus acutissima-Robinia pseudo-acacia community and Robinia pseudo-acacia community. Quercus acutissima community is of a community type dominated by Quercus acutissima, in place of Pinus densiflora community selected by natural succession.