• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1231-1240
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• 2021

Members of the genus Bacillus are known to play an important role in promoting plant growth and protecting plants against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In this study, 21 isolates of Bacillus spp. were obtained from the root micro-ecosystem of Suaeda glauca. Analysis of the 16S rRNA genes indicated that the isolates belong to the species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus aryabhattai and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans. One of the interesting findings of this study is that the four strains B1, B5, B16 and B21 are dominant in rhizosphere soil. Based on gyrA, gyrB, and rpoB gene analyses, B1, B5, and B21 were identified as B. amyloliquefaciens and B16 was identified as B. velezensis. Estimation of antifungal activity showed that the isolate B1 had a significant inhibitory effect on Fusarium verticillioides, B5 and B16 on Colletotrichum capsici (syd.) Butl, and B21 on Rhizoctonia cerealis van der Hoeven. The four strains grew well in medium with 1-10% NaCl, a pH value of 5-8, and promoted the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that these strains may be promising agents for the biocontrol and promotion of plant growth and further study of the relevant bacteria will provide a useful reference for the development of microbial resources.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2017

2007년 이후 중국경제는 고속성장에서 중 고속성장으로 변화되면서 "신창타이"시대에 진입함과 더불어 경제 사회적으로 큰 변화를 나타내고 있으며 새로운 패러다임 하에 취업문제가 큰 관심을 받게 되었다. 따라서 국가경제의 발전과 조절에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 재정지출이 취업에 대하여 어떤 영향을 미치고, 지역별로 어떤 차이를 보이며, 그 영향이 어떻게 변화되는지를 파악하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이며, 31개 성 시 패널자료를 이용하였다. 신창타이기간(2008-2015년)과 전체기간(1998-2015년)으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 신창타이기간에서 재정지출이 도시취업률에 미치는 영향이 총취업률보다 더 크고, 고소득지역에 미치는 영향이 저소득지역보다 더 크게 나타났다. 의료위생 과학기술지출은 총취업률에 긍정적 영향을 주고, 사회보장 및 취업 교육지출은 도시취업률에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 전체기간에서는 재정지출이 취업에 미치는 영향패턴이 신창타이기간 분석과 비슷하게 나타났지만 탄력성측면에서 큰 차이를 보였다. 따라서 "신창타이"시대에 진입하면서 재정지출이 취업에 미치는 효과는 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 사회보장 및 취업 교육 의료위생 과학기술부문 지출을 확대하고 경제건설, 일반행정과 같은 지출의 감소 등 재정지출 구조를 변화시켜야 "신창타이"시대에 있어서 재정지출의 취업에 대한 효율성을 증가시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.487-492
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• 2020

Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; Toxoplasma gondii, which is one of the most important zoonotic parasite worldwide. In dogs, the sexual reproductive cycle of T. gondii is lacking, and the animals are not widely consumed as food, but they are vital in the mechanical transmission of the parasite. However, there is no present data on the exposure of stray dogs to T. gondii in Malaysia. The objective of this serological survey was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and associated factors in stray dogs in East and West Malaysia. Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 222 stray dogs from 6 different states in East and West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) using an Indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence for T. gondii was 23.4% (Confidence interval: CI 17.8-29.2%). Stray dogs from Selangor and Kuala Lumpur had the highest seroprevalence (32.4%; CI 13.2-45.5%) and lowest in those from Penang and Kedah (12.5%; CI 1.3-23.5%). Gender and breed were not associated with T. gondii seropositivity. However, adult dogs were more likely to be seropositive for T. gondii (OR=2.89; CI 1.1-7.7) compared with younger dogs. These results revealed that T. gondii is prevalent in stray dogs in the studied areas in Malaysia, and indicative of the level of environmental contamination of this parasite especially in urban areas.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 2021

Objective: According to market demand, meat duck breeding mainly includes 2 breeding directions: lean Pekin duck (LPD) and fat Pekin duck (FPD). The aim of the present study was to compare carcass and meat quality traits between 2 strains, and to provide basic data for guidelines of processing and meat quality improvement. Methods: A total of 62 female Pekin ducks (32 LPDs and 30 FPDs) were slaughtered at the age of 42 days. The live body weight and carcass traits were measured and calculated. Physical properties of breast muscle were determined by texture analyzer and muscle fibers were measured by paraffin sections. The content of inosine monophosphate (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) and fatty acids composition were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, Soxhlet extraction method and automated gas chromatography respectively. Results: The results showed that the bodyweight of LPDs was higher than that of FPDs. FPDs were significantly higher than LPDs in subcutaneous fat thickness, subcutaneous fat weight, subcutaneous fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage and abdominal fat shear force (p<0.01). LPDs were significantly higher than FPDs in breast muscle thickness, breast muscle weight, breast muscle rate and breast muscle shear force (p<0.01). The muscle fiber average area and fiber diameter of LPDs were significantly higher than those of FPDs (p<0.01). The muscle fiber density of LPDs was significantly lower than that of FPDs (p<0.01). The IMF of LPDs in the breast muscle was significantly higher than that in the FPDs (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 strains in IMP content (p>0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of LPDs was significantly higher than that of FPDs (p<0.01), and FPDs had higher saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term breeding work resulted in vast differences between the two strains Pekin ducks. This study provides a reference for differences between LPD and FPD that manifest as a result of long-term selection.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2021

2020년부터 중국 광시 지방정부는 차 산업과 레저 문화 관광, 과학 보급 교육, 양생 양로 등 산업의 심층융합에 주목하고 있다. 또한 차 산업이 빠르게 발전하고 있어 3차 산업 생산 목표치를 250억 위안으로 계획하였다. 본 연구는 세대별 소비자에 대한 설문조사, 현지조사, 전문가 인터뷰 등을 통하여 차에 대한 니즈와 선택의 차이에 대해 분석하여 광시 차 산업 서비스 모델의 변화 패턴을 연구하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 소비자는 세대별로 생활방식, 쇼핑 습관, 서비스 디자인, 사용자 경험, 사회적 니즈, 개인적 니즈에서 뚜렷한 차이가 있다. 이에 차 제품에 대한 니즈와 행동 패턴을 분석하고 광시 차 산업 서비스 모델의 패턴 변화에 근거해보면, 세대별 소비자의 차 선택의 차이가 차 제품의 수요, 행동 패턴에 유의미한 차이와 패턴 변화를 발견할 수 있다. 끝으로 차 산업의 발전을 위한 서비스 디자인, 사용자 경험 모델 개발의 필요성을 주목하고 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2021

소셜 앱에 게이미피케이션 방식이 적용되면서 유저들의 흥미와 제품에 대한 몰입을 보다 더 유발시키며, 그 가치와 중요성이 커지고 있다. 게이미피케이션이란 게임이 아닌 분야에 게임의 기법과 사고를 적용하여 사용자의 몰입을 유도하는 것을 의미한다. 이에 본 논문은 게이미피케이션 분석 모델인 옥탈리시스를 차용하여 중국 3대 소셜 앱에 대한 사용자의 지속 활용도를 분석하여 그 특성을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위한 연구의 전개는 첫째, 게이미피케이션의 구성요소와 특성에 대해 기존 사례를 통해 살펴본다. 둘째, 중국 3대 소셜 앱인 위쳇, QQ, 샤오홍슈에 대해 옥탈리시스의 8가지 분석 툴을 통해 설문조사를 실시하고 그 지속 활용도에 대해 분석한다. 분석 결과 게임 메커니즘의 외적 표현인 세 가지 요소 포인트(Point), 배지(Badge), 리더보드(Leadboard)는 사용자의 활용도가 지속되지 않았으며, 이는 단지 하나의 수단일 뿐임을 알 수 있었다. 반면, 소셜 앱의 특성과 콘텐츠 그리고 사용자의 욕구가 결합되어야 게임화 된 사고를 극대화 할 수 있으며, 이에 따라 사용자의 지속 활용도가 유지 됨을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2021

Supplement of high-protein food plays an important role in improving the symptoms of malnutrition and the immune capacity of the body, but the association of high-protein diet and gut microbiota remained unaddressed. Here, we systematically analyzed the internal organs and gut microbiota in C57(WT) or PD-1H-depleted (KO) mice (T cells were activated) fed with pupae or feed for six weeks. We observed that the body weight gain in the mice fed with pupae increased less significantly than that of the feed group, while the villi and small intestine lengths in the pupa group were reduced compared with that of mice given feed. However, the average body weight of the KO mice increased compared with that of the WT mice fed with pupae or feed. Pupae increased the concentration of blood glucose in WT, but not in KO mice. Moreover, in the feed group, there was no difference in the weight of the internal organs between the WT and KO mice, but in the pupae-fed group, liver weight was decreased and spleen weight was increased compared with that of KO mice. The amounts/plural/amounts of Melainabacteria, Chloroflexi, and Armatimonadetes were specifically upregulated by pupae, and this upregulation was weakened or eliminated by PD-1H depletion. Some bacteria with high abundance in the feed-fed KO mice, such as Deferribacteres, Melainabacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia, were decreased in pupae-fed KO mice, and Proteobacteria and Deinococcus were specifically enriched in pupae-fed KO mice. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Akkermansia were associated with weight loss in the pupae-fed group while Lachnospiraceae and Anaerobiospirillum were related glucose metabolism and energy consumption. Based on high-throughput sequencing, we discovered that some gut bacteria specifically regulated the metabolism of a high-protein diet, and PD-1H deficiency improved life quality and sustained blood glucose. Moreover, PD-1H responses to high-protein diet through modulating the type and quantity of gut bacteria. These findings provide evidence about the association among gut microbiota, T cell activation (for PD-1H depletion) and high-protein diet metabolism, have important theoretical significance for nutrition and health research.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2022

In our greenhouse experiment, soil heat treatment groups (50, 80, and 121℃) significantly promoted growth and disease suppression of Panax notoginseng in consecutively cultivated soil (CCS) samples (p < 0.01), and 80℃ worked better than 50℃ and 121℃ (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that heat treatment at 80℃ changes the microbial diversity in CCS, and the inhibition ratios of culturable microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, were nearly 100%. However, the heat-tolerant bacterial community was preserved. The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analyses indicated that the soil heat treatment had a greater effect on the Chao1 index and Shannon's diversity index of bacteria than fungi, and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly higher than without heating (80 and 121℃, p < 0.05). Soil probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus (67%), Sporosarcina (9%), Paenibacillus (6%), Paenisporosarcina (6%), and Cohnella (4%), remained in the soil after the 80℃ and 121℃ heat treatments. Although steam increased the relative abundances of most of the heat-tolerant microbes before sowing, richness and diversity gradually recovered to the level of CCS, regardless of fungi or bacteria, after replanting. Thus, we added heat-tolerant microbes (such as Bacillus) after steaming, which reduced the relative abundance of pathogens, recruited antagonistic bacteria, and provided a long-term protective effect compared to the steaming and Bacillus alone (p < 0.05). Taken together, the current study provides novel insight into sustainable agriculture in a consecutively cultivated system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2728-2735
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• 2022

The research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of lead bismuth(LBE) is significant for the thermal-hydraulic calculation, safety analysis and practical application of lead-based fast reactors(LFR). In this paper, a new CFD model is proposed to solve the thermal-hydraulic analysis of LBE. The model includes two parts: turbulent model and turbulent Prandtl, which are the important factors for LBE. In order to find the best model, the experiment data and design of 19-pin hexagonal rod bundle with spacer grid, undertaken at the Karlsruhe Liquid Metal Laboratory (KALLA) are used for CFD calculation. Furthermore, the turbulent model includes SST k - 𝜔 and k - 𝜀; the turbulent Prandtl includes Cheng-Tak and constant (Pr_t =1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0). Among them, the combination between SST k - 𝜔 and Cheng-Tak is more suitable for the experiment. But in the low Pe region, the deviation between the experiment data and CFD result is too much. The reason may be the inlet-effect and when Pe is in a low level, the number of molecular thermal diffusion occupies an absolute advantage, and the buoyancy will enhance. In order to test and verify versatility of the model, the NCCL performed by the Nuclear Thermal-hydraulic Laboratory (Nuthel) of Xi'an Jiao tong University is used for CFD to calculate. This paper provides two verification examples for the new universal model.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.52-52
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• 2001

Many nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for the exchange of ${\gamma}$-phosphates between tri- and diphosphonucleosides. The catalytic Many nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for the exchange of ${\gamma}$-phosphates between tri- and diphosphonucleosides. The catalytic reaction follows a ping-pong mechanism in which the enzyme is transiently phosphorylated on a histidine residue conserved in all nucleoside diphosphate kinases. Beside their role in nucleotide synthesis, these enzymes present additional functions, possibly independent of catalysis, in processes such as differentiation, cell growth, tumor progression, metastasis and development. To clone murine nm23-M5, several expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the GenBank data base, selected according to their homology to nm23-H5 cDNA, reconstituted a complete open reading frame (GenBank AF222750). To test whether murine NDPKs (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) can inhibit Bax-mediated toxicity in yeast, co-transformation was performed respectively. The yeast S.cerevisiae was transformed with a copy expression plasmid containing the histidine selection marker and expressing murine Bax under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. Several clones were selected and found to be growth inhibited when Bax expression was induced with galactose. A representative clone was transformed again with a copy expression plasmid containing the tryptophane selection marker and expressing either murine Bcl-xL or NDPK under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. Several subclones of the double-transformants were selected and characterized. The ability of Bcl-xL and NDPKs to suppress Bax-mediated toxicity was determined by growing yeast cells overnight in galactose media and spot-testing on galactose plates starting with an equal number of yeast cells as determined by taking the OD$_{600}$. Ten-fold serial dilutions were used in the spot-test. Plates were grown at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 2-3 days. All murine NDPKs suppressed Bax dependent apoptosis. Futher study will be peformed whether Bax-toxicity inhibition was caused by NDP kinase activity or additional function.n.