• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

The following is a list of morphologic and genetic characteristics of Pinellia tuber. 1. The original plant of Pinellia tuber is Pinellia ternata$(T_{HUNB})$$B_{REIT}$. With regards to its external morphology, it is smaller than other Araceae species and its spadix is longer than its leaves, which trifurcate. 2. As regards its internal morphology, its mucous cell is elliptical and the vessel is helical or annular-shaped. Granules exist in abundance and in various shapes. 3. Distribution and size of laticifers are the key criteria on which to differentiate between domestic and imported Pinellia tuber. Laticifers are mainly distributed in the epidermis in domestic Pinellia tuber and in the cortical parenchyma in imported Pinellia tuber. The size of laticifers is somewhere between 1,3 and $8{\mu}m$ in diameter in imported Pinellia tuber bigger than its domestic counterpart. 4. RAPD markers display a great similarity in bands between domestic and Chinese Pinellia tuber. However, RAPD primers 352, 358, 365, 368 and 374 are distinctive markers for domestic Pinellia tuber. In the meantime, North Korean Pinellia tuber, morphologically similar to domestic Pinellia tuber, is genertically distinctive from its domestic counterpart in primers 354, 358, 365, 368, 374 and 379, a finding that supports the postulation that North Korean Pinellia tuber is tuber of another Araceae species.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to clarify the daily dose and uses of Goju-tang in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. Methods : We compared major editions of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases with the original text of Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold and chose the most appropriate text. If none of the existing texts seemed reasonable, We compared texts item by item. When there is nothing adequate even item by item, it was newly modified. These results were compared with currently distributed Pinellia Tuber and standards of eggs. Results : Goju-tang consisted of Goju(vinegar), Pinellia Tuber and an eggshell. Generally, a daily dose was extracted at once and taken 3 times a day, but in Goju-tang, 4 pieces of Pinellia Tuber and one-third Sheong of Goju(solvent) were used, which were one third of average volume. Pinellia Tuber was used cut in small pieces. And it was boiled gradually by low heat. Goju was mainly to reduce the pungency of Pinellia Tuber by cutting raphides of calcium oxalate. The Pot preparing medicines was eggshell which was chosen by its small size, because the volume of Pinellia Tuber and Goju was one-third of average volume. Since an egg shell is consisted of protein, it didn't react with vinegar(Goju). Conclusions : The 4 pieces of Pinellia Tuber and one-third Sheong of Goju(Vinegar) in the Goju-tang were one-third of average dose, and the eggshell was Pot preparing medicines.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.341-345
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• 1992

The tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach(Araceae), which is distributed in Korea, China, and Japan, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. The prescription containing Pinellia tuber shows anti-emetic, sedative, and anti-tussive effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pinellia ternata tuber on the xylazine-induced emetic and sedative responses in cats. The results were as follows ; 1. Intramuscular injection of xylazine hydrochloride(1.0mg/kg) reliably evoked vomiting with an incidence of 100% and sedated with a mean sedation time of 34.22 min. 2. The xylazine-induced emetic and sedative responses were not prevented by oral administration of powder (0.5g/head), decoction ($1.0m{\ell}/100g$), and methanol extract ($0.1m{\ell}/100g$) of the Pinellia ternata tuber. 3. The xylazine-induced emetic and sedative responses were inhibited by intravenous injection of decoction($0.3m{\ell}/100g$) of the Pinellia ternata tuber. 4. The xylazine-induced emetic and sedative responses were inhibited by intravenous injection of a combined mixture of yohimbine hydrochloride(0.125mg/kg) and 4-aminopyride(0.3mg/kg).

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.461-470
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• 1995

It has been known many pretreatment methods of Pinellia ternata. In this study, we chose one of them, ${\lceil}$Gang-Banha${\rfloor}$ and compared the process step by step in terms of taste an icon of Pinellia ternata. Identification of the major components and understanding the mechanism of pretreatments should be studied near future.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to isolate tyrosinase inhibitory material from Pinellia ternata and characterize its own structure and activity. Methods : Pinellia ternata (600g) was extracted with 95% methanol (1L) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 4 days, with shaking at 250rpm. The extract was further solvent-fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and water. The active fraction was subjected to JAI recycling prep-HPLC JAIGEL GS-320 column. The structure was identified for the active peak with NMR and GC. Results : Tyrosinase was potently inhibited by 95% methanol extracts from Pinellia ternata. The $IC_{50}$ value of the extracts was estimated to be 0.05mg/ml. The extracts was divided into four solvent-fractions, and the most potent tyrosinase inhibition was found in ethylacetate layer. $IC_{50}$ value of ethylacetate fraction was 0.001mg/ml. This fraction was further purified with JAI Recycling Preparative HPLC (Model: LC 9104). The isolated compound showing inhibitory activity was characterized on its chemical structure by NMR and the compound was identified as 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. $IC_{50}$ was found to be 7.74 ${\mu}M$ which is much lower than that of kojic acid $(66.5{\mu}M)$. Conclusions : The data suggest that 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde isolated and identified from Pinellia ternata is very strong inhibitor to melanin biosynthesis.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1119-1140
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review Chinese clinical studies of the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with herbal medicine including Pinellia ternata. Methods: We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database for clinical studies on herbal treatments including Pinellia ternata for GERD, from January 1st, 2015 to September 30th, 2019. We evaluated the risk of bias using Cochrane's risk of bias to confirm the quality of the 37 selected documents. Results: The 37 papers included high-dose and middle-dose Pinellia ternata groups. The outcome measures included treatment effectiveness rate, symptom comparisons, and endoscopy effectiveness rates or scores. In both groups, most studies showed significant improvement in the treatment group compared with the control group. The meta-analysis revealed a higher treatment effectiveness rate and a lower recurrence rate in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusions: Comparing the treatment effect between the two groups was difficult due to the low quality of most studies. However, the results suggest that herbal remedies including Pinellia ternata showed statistically significant improvement in GERD compared to control groups.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2005

한국산 반하속 식물의 종간 및 종내 집단간의 유연관계를 조사하기 위하여 RAPD 분석을 수행하였으며, PCR 과정을 통해 증폭된 RAPD 절편들은 300 bp에서 2,500 bp 사이의 구간에서 관찰되었다. 7개의 oligoprimer를 이용한 효소중합반응에서 70개의 유효한 polymorphic band makers를 확인하였고, Nei-Li의 유전적 거리지수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한 이러한 자료에 근거하여 종내 개체군 군집에 대한 UPGMA 유집분석 및 NJ tree를 도출하였다. 반하의 지역별 개체군 집단간에는 각각 낮은 유전적 거리지수 수준에서 유집되어 전반적으로 개체군간 유연관계가 밀접한 것으로 조사되었다. 반하는 지역별 개체군에 따라 잎의 형태와 꽃의 색에 따른 형태학적 변이 및 체세포염색체수의 세포학적 변이 패턴을 다양하게 보이고 있어 이는 생육지의 다양성에 의해 나타난 형질분화의 차이로 추정된다. 이런 특성은 반하의 분화속도를 빠르게 하는 주요 원인으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 볼 때 새로운 종은 반하속에 속하는 분류군으로 제주도와 일본의 반하 개체군과 매우 가까운 유연관계를 형성하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. RAPD 분석은 한국산 반하속 식물종의 종간 및 종내 개체군 집단간의 유연관계 파악에 매우 유용한 실험적 접근방법임을 보여주었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2013

The plant growth and yield of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. were studied by altitude and tuber weight. The emergence rates in low land area were not different by tuber weights, but it showed earlier emergence date in heavier weight of seed-tuber and low land area. The higher aerial growth such as plant height and number of leaves per plant was the heavier tuber weight in a planting year, but the growth was not different by the weight of tuber at second year after planting. The distribution pattern of tuber size per $m^2$ was not influenced by different seed-tuber weight. The number of harvested tuber was highest at more than 1 g of tuber weight, and followed 1~2 g and less than 2 g. The distribution pattern of fresh tuber yield was not influenced by different altitude and seed-tuber weight. The marketable tuber, 2 g or more, tends to be produced with more than 0.6 g seed-tuber. As the results above-mentioned, it was thought that the high yield was supposed to use seed-tuber over 0.6 g in the fertile soil.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2016

반하(Pinellia ternata Breitenbach)는 천남성과(Araceae)의 약용 식물로 동아시아 일대가 원산지이며, 유럽과 북아메리카 일부 지역에도 널리 분포하고 있는 식물이다. 반하의 괴경(tuber)은 약재로 사용되어 구토, 염증, 외상을 치료하는 목적으로 사용되고 있다. 보고된 약리학적 작용으로는 항경련, 항종양, 살충, 세포독성 등이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 반하는 약리학적으로 유용한 약용식물로 잘 알려져 있음에도 불구하고, 원산지를 판별할 수 있는 신뢰성이 있고 표준화된 방법이 없는 실정이다. 이를 위한 한국산과 중국산 반하를 판별할 수 있는 유의적인 화합물을 탐색하기 위해 UPLC-PDA와 QTof-MS에 기반을 둔 대사체 표지법을 이용하였다. 한국산으로부터 원산지 판별 화합물로 예상되는 화합물을 반복적인 역상 칼럼크로마토그래피에 기반을 둔 활성유도 분획법을 통해 분리하였다. 그리고, NMR과 MS를 포함한 물리화학적, 분광학적 정보의 결과를 토대로 [6]-gingerol이라는 화합물의 구조를 동정하였다. [6]-gingerol은 원산지를 판별할 수 있는 능력과 melanin 생합성 저해 활성을 지닌 기능성 화장품 소재로서 가치가 있다고 판단되어짐에 따라 유효성분 원산지 판별 화합물로 Fingerprint법에 의해 선정되었다. 더욱이, 한국산과 중국산 반하 유래 [6]-gingerol의 함량 비교를 위해, 유효성이 검증된 분석법을 이용하여 이에 대한 검량곡선을 작성하여 그 함량을 비교하였다. 이것은 한국산 반하판별을 위한 화합물 선정과 성공적인 유효성 검증을 다룬 최초의 보고이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.846-853
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• 2004

This study was carried out for establishment of toxicological monitoring system in oriental medicinal plants. Hence on our research, we used Banha(Pinellia ternata) and Kangbanha, Bubbanha, Jaebanha, Geokbanha by distinguished processing methods. These are frequently used in Bangyakhabpeon, which is one of the most well-known clinical book in oriental medicine. As we reviewed the reported documents, we judge homogentisic acid(HA) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde(3,4-DBA) as poisonous substance and to verify its existence, we established analysis condition of HPLC by gaining sequential fraction extracts and studied the degree of its virulence to provide basic information on the guidelines of using this medicine. Optimum condition of HPLC was H₂O : MeOH : CH₃COOH (57:35:8) in HA and 3,4-DBA analysis. HA content of raw Banha was 11.03mg/100g and HA contents of its processed product were decreased. Exceptionally, Jaebanha was increased in 175.97% than raw Banha. 3,4-DBA content of raw Banha was 2.93mg/100g and 3,4-DBA contents of its processed product were decreased. These results will be applies in intake guideline establishment, quality control and stability evaluation of oriental medicinal plants.