• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2002

Introduction : Exercise has been suggested as an important nursing strategy in which to help elderly maintain functional performance and to enhanced quality of life. Most of exercise study has been reported on fitness exercise such as walking, swimming, dance etc for health of elderly. There have been few reports about exercise on the promotion of small and fine movement of elderly. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine an effect of 6 weeks hand and finger exercise in home to improve hand muscle strength such as grip strength and finger pinch pressure. Materials and Methods Design: This pilot study was used one group pre and post-test design. Sample: Twelve elderly women above 60 years of age or older living in community were selected by convenient sampling. Procedure: Signed informed consent was obtained prior to participate in this study. The authors met elderly and taught hand and finger exercise, daily a week for 6 weeks, within 30 minutes per session. But exercise frequency and strength were not same. Instruments: Left and right grip strength were measured by Bulb Dynamometer(made in USA) and left and right pinch pressure were measured by Baseline Hydraulic Pinch Gauge(made in USA). Data analysis: Discriptive data analyses were performed on all variables. Wilcoxon matched-pairs Signed-Ranks test were used to find difference of grip strength and pinch pressure between pre and post exercise using SPSS 10.0 for Window. Results: Samples age ranged from 60 to 73, Mean age was 65.3. All were women. Ten elderly were diagnosed osteoarthritis and one had DM. After six weeks hand and finger exercise, Left and right grip strength were higher than those of before exercise(Z=-2.667, P<0.01 ; Z=-3.065, p<0.01). And left pinch pressure after hand and linger exercise were higher than that of before pinch pressure (Z=-2.315, p<0.05). But Right pinch pressure was not shown significant change(Z=-1.099, p>0.05). Conclusions: Although this study was limited by the sample size and design, the findings provide some important implications for community based exercise nursing intervention. Short term (six weeks) exercise of hand and linger is shown to be useful as nursing intervention to maintain routine daily activities such as eating, writing, grip something for elderly.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate sensory disturbance in cervical spondylosis using grip force and investigate the relationship between the grip force and upper extremity function. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eleven cervical spondylosis patients with paresthesia conducted grip and lift tasks using a precision grip with the tips of the thumb and index finger on either side. The sum of the grip force used during the first four seconds was calculated and defined as the total grip force. The cutaneous pressure threshold of the fingers, the pinch power, the grip power and three subtests of the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (STEF) were also assessed. Correlations between the total grip force and cutaneous pressure threshold, pinch power, grip power, and STEF subtest times were evaluated. Results: We found that the total grip force correlated with the cutaneous pressure threshold (p<0.05). Moreover, the total grip force of the dominant thumb correlated with the results of the three STEF subtests (p<0.05). There were no significant correlations between the total grip force and pinch/grip powers. Conclusions: We found that the total grip force correlated with cutaneous pressure threshold and upper extremity function. The results suggest that the total grip force could serve as an objective index for evaluating paresthesia in cervical spondylosis patients, and that the impaired ability of the upper extremity function is related to grip force coordination.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.371-377
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• 2008

In order to obtain fundamental knowledge of atomization, the three dimensional unsteady phenomenon of pinch off was numerically studied by developed method. Not only liquid shapes but also velocity distributions of numerical results were compared with corresponding experimental ones. They showed satisfactorily good agreement at least in a qualitative sense. The liquid jet shapes, the pressure and velocity distributions, and the inner flow structures were clarified through the comparisons of distinctly different flow fields due to presence or absence of surface tension. The condition of pinch off, which had close correlation with fluid acceleration at injection, was clearly specified.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the health status of elderly. Subjects were 132 older people who live in home and institution located Taejon metropolitan city. Data were collected from May 1997 to April 1998. To obtain data about health status of elderly. pulse, respiration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. grip strength. pinch pressure. flexibility, arm circumference. triceps skin fold thickness were measured. Data were analyzed for frequency. percentage. t-test using SPSS pc+ program. The results were as follows: 1. $74.4\%$ of subjects was perceived as 'good' in their health status. 2. Mean pulse, mean respiration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were with in normal limits. There were no statistical differences between men and women in pulse, respiration, systolic and diastolic pressure. 3. Left and right grip strength were 24.89 psi and 25.23psi. The grip strength in men was higher than that of women. It showed statistically difference between men and women in grip strength. 4. Left and right pinch pressure were 7 pound and 7.32 pound. There was statistically difference of pinch pressure between men and women. 5. left flexibility was better than right flexibility of subjects. There was no statistically significant difference between men and women in flexibility. 6. Arm circumference was 24.96cm and there was no statistically significant difference between men and women. 7. Mean skin fold thickness was 12.83 em. Skin fold thickness in men was lower than that of women. It showed statistically difference between men and women. From these results, further study should be considered gender differences in health status of elders and carried in larger sample than this study.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.3639-3648
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• 1996

The effect of 15% pinched diffuser in a centrifugal air compressor with a cascade airfoil diffuser on the aerodynamic performance is investigated using a numerical approach. The commercial CFD code for three-dimensional, turbulent, compressible flow fields is executed for various mass flow rates at a design speed which can be obtained as long as the calculation succeeds. The pinched diffuser is found to help improve the instability of flow within vaneless diffuser space, especially the reverse flow near shroud, and to change both stall/surge line and choking line to increase the surge margin. It is also found to generate more favorable increase of static pressure in diffuser region, and to increase the resulting pressure ratio and efficiency.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.779-790
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• 1997

본 연구는 목과 상지의 누적외상성장애를 호소하는 대상자들중에서 근막동통증후군으로 진단받은 환자군과 단순 증상호소군인 대조군사이에서 검사결과의 분석을 통하여 집단 검진시 고려해 볼 수 있는 검사항목을 찾고자하였다. 조사대상은 컴퓨터를 통한 자료검색 및 대화형태의 업무를 하는 여성 전화교환원 904명이었으며, 근막동통증후군으로 진단받은 105명의 환자군과 상지의 누적외상성장애의 증상만을 호소하는 550명의 대조군을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 신체계측과 악력 및 Pinch strength 측정결과, 키와 몸무게, 앉은 자세의 높이 등에서는 환자군과 대조군의 차이가 없었으나, 약력은 환자군의 우측손이 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았으며, Pinch strength는 두 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 시각적 상사척도는 환자군의 평균값이 $6.74{\pm}2.29$이며, 대조군은 $4.37{\pm}2.32$으로 나타나 두 군간 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 3. 근육효소검사에서는 비정상으로 분류된 이상자의 분포가 환자군과 대조군에서 유사한 분포를 보여 실제 진단과정에 미치는 영향은 미비한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용한 유의한 변수는 나이, 우측 상부승모근의 압통역치값과 시각적 상사척도로 나타났다. 5. 압통역치검사와 시각적 상사척도는 근막동통증후군의 진단에 객관적 검사로서 고려할 만한 검사로 나타났다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2002

Purpose: Aquatic exercise program is known to have positive effects for health maintenance and improvement in inpatients with arthritis. Aquatic exercise program could be a way to obtain wellness in middle-aged women. However, there have been few studies to evaluate physical function. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aquatic exercise on physical health such as body weight, BMI, muscle strength (grip strength, pinch pressure), and flexibility in healthy middle-aged women. Method: The subjects of the study were fifty healthy middle-aged women (40-59 years) who had no experience with exercise. Twenty five subjects were assigned to the experimental group and 25 to the control group. An aquatic exercise program which consisted of approximately one hour of exercise in the water two days per week. for six weeks was given to the experimental group. Data were gathered from October 2000 to April 2001 using a questionnaire and physical function measure tool (pinch pressure, grip strength. weight. centimeter ruler). Data were analyzed with the SPSS win 10.0 using frequency, t-test, $x^2$ test, paired t-test. and ANCOVA. Result: The results of this study are as follows: There were significant differences in body weight, BMI, right, left grip strength and right and left pinch pressure between the two groups. Conclusion: From these results, it is concluded that the aquatic exercise program for healthy middle-aged women can be effective in increasing physical health in these women.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.108-108
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• 2010

We have generated Ne-Xe plasma in dense plasma focus device with hypocycloidal pinch for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography and investigated an electron temperature. We have applied an input voltage 4.5 kV to the capacitor bank of 1.53 uF and the diode chamber has been filled with Ne-Xe(30%) gas in accordance with pressure. If we assumed that the focused plasma regions satisfy the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions, the electron temperature of the hypocycloidal pinch plasma focus could be obtained by the optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The electron temperature has been measured by Boltzmann plot. The light intensity is proportion to the Bolzman factor. We have been measured the electron temperature by observation of relative Ne-Xe intensity. The EUV emission signal whose wavelength is about 6~16 nm has been detected by using a photo-detector (AXUV-100 Zr/C, IRD) and the line intensity has been detected by using a HR4000CG Composite-grating Spectrometer.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the abductor hallucis (AbdH) and the amount of pressure measured by a pinch gauge (PG), and to compare the EMG activity of AbdH and the pressure measured by the PG during short foot (SF) exercise in subjects with pes planus and in subjects with a neutral foot alignment. Fourteen subjects were recruited for this study (pes planus group=7; neutral foot alignment group=7). A surface EMG was used to collect AbdH activity, and a PG was positioned under the first metatarsophalangeal joint to measure the pressure produced by the first metatarsal head during the SF exercise. The AbdH activity and the pressure measured by the PG showed a positive good correlation (r=.80, p<.05). The EMG activity of the AbdH and the pressure measured by the PG were significantly lower for subjects with pes planus than for subjects with a neutral foot alignment (p<.05). Based on these findings, the PG can be recommended as an effective instrument for evaluating the performance of the AbdH. It may also be beneficial for monitoring how well the SF exercise is performed, and for providing visual feedback to patients with pes planus during SF exercise in a clinical setting.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.587-599
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• 2002

Extracellular single unit recordings were made from the ventral posteromedial thalamic (VPM) nociceptive neurons to determine mechanoreceptive field (RF) and response properties. A total of 44 VPM thalamic nociceptive neurons were isolated from rats anesthetized with urethane-chloralose. Based on responses to various mechanical stimuli including touch, pressure and pinch applied to the RF, 32 of 44 neurons were classified as nociceptive specific (NS) neuron. The other 12 neurons, classified as wide dynamic range (WDR), showed a graded response to increasingly intense stimuli, with a maximum discharge to noxious pinch. The VPM nociceptive neurons showed various spontaneous activity ranged from 0-6 Hz. They were located throughout the VPM, and had an contralateral RF including mainly intraoral (and perioral) regions. The RF size was relatively small, and very few neurons had a receptive field involving 3 trigeminal divisions. The NS neurons activated only by pressure and pinch stimuli had high mechanical thresholds compared to WDR neurons activated also by touch stimuli. The VPM nociceptive neurons were tested with suprathershold graded mechanical stimuli. Most of 21 NS and 8 WDR neurons showed a progressive increase in number of spikes as mechanical stimulus intensity was increased. In some neurons, the responses reached a peak before the highest intensity was given. Application of 5 mM $CoCl_2{\;}(10{\;}{\mu}\ell)$ solution to the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis did not produce any significant changes in the spontaneous activity, RF size, mechanical threshold, and response to suprathreshold mechanical stimuli of 9 VPM nociceptive neurons tested. 17 of 33 VPM nociceptive neurons responded to noxious heat as well as noxious mechanical stimuli applied to their RF. Application of the mustard oil, a small-fiber excitant and inflammatory irritant, to the right maxillary first molar tooth pulp induced an immediate but short-lasting neuronal discharges upto approximately 4 min in 16 of 42 VPM nociceptive neurons. These results suggest that VPM thalamic nucleus may contribute to the sensory discriminative aspect of orofacial nociception.