• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.261-278
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• 2003

Concepts.Wafer-Level Chip-Scale Concept with Handling Substrate.Low Accuracy Placement Layout with Isolation Trench.Possible Pitch of Interconnections down to $10{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (Sn-Grains).Wafer-to-Wafer Equipment Adjustment Accuracy meets this Request of Alignment Accuracy (+/-1.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$).Adjustment Accuracy of High-Speed Chip-to-Wafer Placement Equipment starts to meet this request.Face-to-Face Modular / SLID with Flipped Device Orientation.interchip Via / SLID with Non-Flipped Orientation SLID Technology Features.Demonstration with Copper / Tin-Alloy (SLID) and W-InterChip Vias (ICV).Combination of reliable processes for advanced concept - Filling of vias with W as standard wafer process sequence.No plug filling on stack level necessary.Simultanious formation of electrical and mechanical connection.No need for underfiller: large area contacts replace underfiller.Cu / Sn SLID layers $\leq$ $10{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in total are possible Electrical Results.Measurements of Three Layer Stacks on Daisy Chains with 240 Elements.2.5 Ohms per Chain Element.Contribution of Soldering Metal only in the Range of Milliohms.Soldering Contact Resistance ($0.43\Omega$) dominated by Contact Resistance of Barrier and Seed Layer.Tungsten Pin Contribution in the Range of 1 Ohm

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

The frequency is widely used to measure the distance. In the warehouse, however, the frequency is apt to be interrupted by various unmade stuffs and cannot be easily applied to that kind of environment. This study will suggest the method to localize a worker in the warehouse exactly with calculating the time difference of arrival from the base position to a node or between each node and with 3-points pin pointer. This study will propose the localizing method using RFID tag and analyze the result using the suggested method. Also, the efficiency of suggested method will be increased with the simulation based on the information from the RFID tag.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2022

In each country, efforts are being made to replace engine-driven cars and motorcycles using fossil fuels with electric drive. Electrically driven vehicles have the advantage of no harmful gas or environmental pollution and low noise. In the motorcycle market, China accounts for more than 95% of the world, and the electric motorcycle market is being revitalized due to the strengthening of regulations. Japan is actively preparing to include electric motorcycles in ISO 26262, forming a TF team centered on electric motorcycle producers. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to standardization targeting China and Japan in Korea. In this study, we propose a proprietary transmission model that can be applied to small electric vehicles that can be operated in hilly domestic terrain. The proposed continuously variable transmission model is a continuously variable transmission system which moves the pin between the basic disk and the rotary disk using a spline to perform shifting. The proposed continuously variable transmission model is used in the pulley configuration by connecting the linear type spline and the inclined spline with the central axis of the basic disk and the rotational disk, respectively. In addition, it can be divided into two types according to the application of the auxiliary disk, and the production drawing is completed for the practical use of the model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.180-188
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• 1994

Error assessment and evaluation for machine for machine tool slides have been considered as essential tools for improving accuracy. In this paper, a computer aided measurement technique is proposed using photo pin diodes of quadrant type and laser source. In thedeveloped system, three photo diodes are mounted on a sensor mounting table, and the sensored signal is processed by specially designed signal conditioner to give fine resolution with minimum noise. A micro computer inputs the processed signal, and the geometric errors of five degree of freedoms are successfully evaluated. Pitch, roll, yaw, vertical and horizontal straightness errors are thus assessed simultaneously for a machine tool slide. Calibration techniques such as optics calibration, photo diode calibration are proposed and implemented, giving precise calibration for the measurement system. The developed system has been applied to a practical machine tool slide, and has been found as one of efficient and precise technique for machine tool slide.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2844-2861
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• 2023

Internet is the most prevailing word being used nowadays. Over the years, people are becoming more dependent on the internet as it makes their job easier. This became a part of everyone's life as a means of communication in almost every area like financial transactions, education, and personal-health operations. A lot of data is being converted to digital and made online. Many researchers have proposed different authentication factors - biometric and/or non-biometric authentication factors - as the first line of defense to secure online data. Among all those factors, passwords and passphrases are being used by many users around the world. However, the usability of these factors is low. Also, the passwords are easily susceptible to brute force and dictionary attacks. This paper proposes the generation of a novel passcode from the hybrid authentication factor - sound. The proposed passcode is evaluated for its strength to resist brute-force and dictionary attacks using the Shannon entropy and Passcode (or password) entropy formulae. Also, the passcode is evaluated for its usability. The entropy value of the proposed is 658.2. This is higher than that of other authentication factors. Like, for a 6-digit pin - the entropy value was 13.2, 101.4 for Password with Passphrase combined with Keystroke dynamics and 193 for fingerprint, and 30 for voice biometrics. The proposed novel passcode is far much better than other authentication factors when compared with their corresponding strength and usability values.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2023

The representative branch of ICT education is Arduino. However, there are various problems when teaching using Arduino. Arduino requires a complex understanding of hardware and software, and this can be perceived as a difficult course, especially for beginners who are not familiar with programming or electronics. Additionally, the process of connecting the pins of the Arduino board and components must be accurate, and even small mistakes can lead to project failure, which can reduce the learner's concentration and interest in learning Arduino. Existing Arduino learning content consists of text and images in 2D format, which has limitations in increasing student understanding and immersion. Therefore, in this paper analyzes the necessary conditions for sprouting 'growing kidney beans' in the first semester of the fourth grade of elementary school, and builds an automated experimental environment using Arduino. Augmented reality of the pin connection process was designed and produced to solve the difficulties when building an automation system using Arduino. After 3D modeling Arduino and components using 3D Max, animation was set, and augmented reality (AR) content was produced using Unity to provide learners with more intuitive and immersive learning content when learning Arduino. Augmented reality (AR)-based Arduino learning content production is expected to increase educational effects by improving the understanding and immersion of classes in ICT education using Arduino and inducing fun and interest in physical computing coding education.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.987-993
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• 2024

Campylobacteriosis is a significant foodborne illness caused by Campylobacter bacteria. It is one of the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, with poultry being a major reservoir and source of infection in humans. In poultry farms, Campylobacters colonize the intestinal tract of chickens and contaminate meat during processing. Vaccines under development against Campylobacters in poultry showed partial or no protection against their cecal colonization. Therefore, this review will elaborate on campylobacteriosis and emphasize the control strategies and recent vaccine trials against Campylobacters in poultry farms. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Campylobacter infection, along with specific mention of poultry Campylobacter contamination events in Malaysia, will also be discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.3276-3285
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• 2024

This paper introduces the creation of a module for Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) specifically designed for VVER analysis through the implementation of the STREAM/RAST-V two-step approach. The aim was to expand the range of use by developing a UQ module tailored for analyzing VVER. This research presents two innovative computational functionalities: (1) development of a library for the pin-based pointwise energy slowing down method (PSM), and (2) extension of the analysis area to study hexagonal-geometry fuel assemblies. The proposed UQ scheme was evaluated through verification using UAM benchmark, and comparative analysis between codes using SCALE 6.2.2 for. STREAM provides an accuracy comparable to that of SCALE 6.2.2. Additionally, a PSM covariance library was utilized in the calculations, achieving 0.7941% and 0.7907% accuracies in the hot full power and hot zero power calculations, respectively. To assess the UQ sequences in the two-step method, the STREAM/RAST-V calculation scheme was verified using the STREAM lattice code. To conclude, this study furnishes comprehensive insights into the development of the UQ module within the two-step method for VVER analysis, and it validates its performance through utilization of the UAM benchmark.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2001

Nitride films such as TiN, CrN etc. deposited on glass by PVD processes have been developed for many industrial applications. These nitride films deposited on glass were widely used for not only decorative and optical coatings but also wear and corrosion resistance coatings employed as dies and molds made of glass for the example of lens forming molds. However, the major problem of nitride coatings on glass by PVD process is non-uniform film owing to pin-hole and micro crack. It is estimated that nonuniform coating is influenced by a different surface energy between metal nitrides and glass due to binding states. In this work, therefore, for the evaluation of nucleation and growth mechanism of nitride films on glass TiN and CrN film were synthesized on glass with various nitrogen partial pressure by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Prior to deposition, for the examination of relationship between surface energy and film microstructure plasma pre-treatment process was carried out with various argon to hydrogen flow rate and substrate bias voltage, duty cycle and frequency by using pulsed DC power supply. Surface energy owing to the different plasma pre-treatment was calculated by the measurement of wetting angle and surface conditions of glass were investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM). The microstructure change of nitride films on glass with increase of film thickness were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2002

Soybean curd residue (SCR) was fermented by lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LS and Entercoccus faecium LL, isolated from SCR. The pH, titratable acidify and viable cell counts were determined from the fermented SCR to evaluate the lactic acid production and growth of lactic acid bacteria. Optimal amounts of pretense enzyme and glucose, and ideal fermentation time for SCR fermentation were estimated by response surface methodology (RSM). Raw SCR fermented by indigenous microorganisms had 0.78 % titratable acidity, The acid production in SCR fermented by L. rhamnosus LS was greatly enhanced by the addition of glucose and lactose. However only glucose increased acid production by Ent. faecium LL. The proof test of SCR fermentation demonstrated that similar results for titratable acidity, tyrosine content and viable cell counts to that predicted could be obtained by the at optimized fermentation conditions. In the presence of 0.029 % (w/w) pretense enzyme and 0.9% (w/w) glucose, the SCR fermented by Ent. faecium LL showed 1.07% (w/v) of titratable acidity, 1.02 mg% tyrosine content and 2$\times$10$^{9}$ (cfu/g) of viable cell counts. With the SCR fortified with 0.033% pretense enzyme and 1.7% glucose, L. rhamnosus LS showed 1.8% (w/v) of titratable acidity, 0.92 mg% of tyrosine content and 2$\times$10$^{9}$ (cfu/g) of viable cell counts.