• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined the influence of visuomotor congruency on learning a relative phase relationship between a single joint movement and an external signal. Methods: Participants (N=5) were required to rhythmically coordinate elbow flexion-extension movements with a continuous sinusoidal wave (0.375 Hz) at a $90^{\circ}$ relative phase relationship. The congruent group was provided online feedback in which the elbow angle decreased (corresponding to elbow flexion) as the angle trajectory was movingup, and vice versa. The incongruent group was provided online feedback in which the elbow angle decreased as the angle trajectory was moving down, and vice versa. There were two practice sessions (day 1 and 2) and each session consisted of 6 trials per block (5 blocks per session). Retention tests were performed 24 hours after session 2, and only the external sinusoidal wave was provided. Repeated ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis. Results: During practice, the congruent group was significantly less variable than the incongruent group. Phase variability in the incongruent group did not significantly change across blocks, while variability decreased significantly in the congruent group. In retention, the congruent group produced the required $90^{\circ}$ relative phase pattern with significantly less phase variability than the incongruent group. Conclusions: Congruent visual feedback facilitates learning. Moreover, the deprivation of online feedback does not affect the congruent group but does affect the incongruent group in retention.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 1999

Local two-phase flow parameters of subcooled flow boiling in inclined annulus were measured to investigate the effect of inclination on the internal flow structure. Two-conductivity probe technique was applied to measure local gas phasic parameters, including void fraction, vapor bubble frequency, chord length, vapor bubble velocity and interfacial area concentration. Local liquid velocity was measured by Pilot tube. Experiments were conducted for three angles of inclination; 0$^{\circ}$(vertical), 30$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$. The system pressure was maintained at atmospheric pressure. The range of average void fraction was up to 10% and the average liquid superficial velocities were less than 1.3 m/sec. The results of experiments showed that the distributions of two-phase How parameters were influenced by the angle of channel inclination. Especially, the void fraction and chord length distributions were strongly affected by the increase of inclination angle, and flow pattern transition to slug flow was observed depending on the How conditions. The profiles of vapor velocity, liquid velocity and interfacial area concentration were found to be affected by the non-symmetric bubble size distribution in inclined channel. Using the measured distributions of local phasic parameters, an analysis for predicting average void fraction was performed based on the drift flux model and flowing volumetric concentration. And it was demonstrated that the average void fraction can be more appropriately presented in terms of flowing volumetric concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Obstacle limitation surfaces are imaginary space surfaces that must be clear of obstacles for the aircraft to safely take off and land on the aerodrome. These surfaces are closely related to the safety of the VFR aircraft, which require a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit, to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. The Republic of Korea, which has a lot of restrictions on the use of airspace, cannot provide a rich operating environment for VFR aircraft. Under these circumstances, safer operation will not be guaranteed if additional factors that directly or indirectly affect existing VFR routes, such as drone delivery services. This study analyzes and models the track distribution of each VFR section based on radar track data around a specific airport. Through this study, we estimate the three-dimensional space for VFR aircraft and provide the data for future research such as airspace analysis of VFR corridors and correlation with obstacle limitation surfaces.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate spatial and temporal features of motor control in an individual with hemiparesis during the curvilinear gait (CG) and proposed an exercise guideline. Research design, data and methodology: An individual aged 63 with hemiparesis by stroke disease was participated in the study. Autoencoder (AE) was used to extract four motor modules from eight muscle activities of the paretic leg during CG. After extraction, each module of four modules was operationally defined by numbering from M1 to M4 according to spatial and temporal features and compared with results reported in a previous study. Results: As a result, an individual with hemiparesis had motor module problems related to difficulty of weight acceptance (module 1), compensation for the weakness of ankle plantar flexor (module 2), a spastic synergistic pattern (module 3) and difficulty with transition from the swing to stance phase (module 4) in terms of spatial features. Also, a delayed activation timing of temporal motor module (module 2) related to the forward propulsion during CG was observed. Conclusions: Gait rehabilitation for the stroke will need to consider clinical significances in respect of the deterioration of motor module and provide the tailored approaches for each gait phase.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1D
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• pp.149-156
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• 2006

Existing method of landuse classification using aerial photographs or field survey requires relatively higher amount of time and cost due to necessary manual work. Especially in urban area where the pattern of landuse is densely aggregated, a landuse classification using satellite image is more complex. In this background, this study proposes a landuse classification method to utilize 1:1,000 digital topographic data and IKONOS satellite image. To prove the possibility of this method, the method was applied to Seoul metropolitan area. The results shows the total accuracy of approximately 95% and 14 landuse classes extracted. Based on the results from the pilot study, this method is applicable to landuse classification in urban area.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.113-130
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• 2024

A questionnaire survey of farmers engaged in actual farming was conducted to investigate the farmers' actual wearing conditions and preferences for agricultural workwear to develop workwear that is suitable for improved agricultural work efficiency. We extracted basic data necessary for the development of agricultural workwear. Analysis of the photographs taken showed differences in the shoes and gloves worn depending on the type of work. The percentages of men and women were equal among the agricultural workers. The age of the agricultural workers was analyzed and the results showed a higher percentage of those over 50 years old, indicating that the age of the agricultural workers was higher than in other industries. It was found that the waist, knees, and elbows of the workers were pulled during work, and analysis showed that the symptoms resulting from clothing pulling were more severe when the wearing dimensions were larger. It was recognized that the important aspects of workwear are those related to work, such as functionality, activity, and work efficiency. In addition to workwear, the most commonly worn auxiliary equipment was gloves, and other items included hats, armbands, work shoes, boots, seat chairs, and masks. When developing rural workwear, it is necessary to consider the fit, type of work, and materials of the workwear. Future research should focus on materials that can improve the functionality of workwear and pattern development that reflects physical and movement characteristics.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument on pattern identification for insomnia (PIT-Insomnia) and verify the correlation between PIT-Insomnia and psychological tests. Methods: Two evaluators examined the pattern identification of the participants who met insomnia disorder diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and took the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score over 15 once manually and twice using the PIT-Insomnia to measure the inter-rater and test-retest reliability. We also conducted the following surveys: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Korean version of Beck's depression inventory (K-BDI), the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-K), the Korean Symptom checklist-95 (KSCL-95), and the EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D), to measure concurrent validity and correlation between the PTI-Insomnia and psychological tests. Results: 1. The test-retest reliability analysis of the pattern identification results showed moderate agreement, and test-retest reliability analysis of each pattern identification score showed agreements from poor to moderate. 2. The inter-rater reliability analysis of the pattern identification results via manual showed slight agreement, when analysis was performed with calibration, the inter-rater reliability analysis of the pattern identification results via manual showed fair agreement. 3. The concordance analysis between results via manual and the PIT-Insomnia showed poor agreement, when the analysis was performed with calibration, concordance analysis showed fair agreement. 4. The concordance analysis between the PIT-Insomnia and the PSQI showed positive linear correlation. 5. The concordance analysis between the PIT-Insomnia and the PSQI, K-BDI, STAI-K, KSCL-95, and EQ-5D showed that non-interaction between the heart and kidney have positive linear correlation with the K-BDI, anxiety item of KSCL-95, dual deficiency of the heart-spleen have positive linear correlation with somatization item of KSCL-95, paranoia item of KSCL-95, heart deficiency with timidity have positive linear correlation with stress vulnerability item of KSCL-95, parania item of KSCL-95, phlegm-fire harassing the heart have positive linear correlation with K-BDI, paranoia item of KSCL-95, depressed liver qi transforming into fire have positive linear correlation with the anxiety item of KSCL-95, parania item of KSCL-95, all pattern identification have negative linear correlation with EQ-5D. Conclusions: The PIT-Insomnia has moderate agreement of reliability and reflects the severity of insomnia since it has some concurrent validity with the PSQI. There are some correlations between the PTI-Insomnia with specific psychological tests, so we could suggest it can be used appropriately in the clinical situation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.319-344
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• 1998

The endeavor to reveal reasons and backgrounds of juvenile's being delinquent has been continuing. Most of them, however, are not multi-dimensional and integrative, but one-dimensional which has had just focused on the factor of family or individual. One of the main purposes of this. study is to get implications on practical programs through the ecological-systematic analysis on factors and processes of juvenile delinquency. In this study, region has separated into two, one is of poor and the other is non, and then informations on factors and process of being delinquent were gathered by comparing between them. Eleven hundreds and sixteen cases were sampled from six junior-high schools which have met the purpose of this study. The survey had been committed with structured questionnaire which had been consisted in several variables; personal; familial; school and peer related; delinquent characteristics. Reliability and validity of each variables had been tested through pilot test. Effects of independent variables on dependent variables were analyzed according to the region through path analysis. In the analysis, remarkable differences on the processes of being delinquent had been found and three path models of being delinquent had been made on the basis of those differences. Each of them has shown different effecting patterns of personal, familial, and school and peer related variables on one's degree of delinquency. In Pattern 1, peer related variables have committed more powerful effects on the degree of delinquency than the others have. School related variables, in Pattern 2, commit most striking effects on the dependent variables. The degree of delinquency in Pattern 3 is most strongly effected by familial variables. The limitations that personal behavior oriented approach might be confronted in the field of juvenile delinquency have been proved by these results of this study. These results have given many implications to us on the needs of distinctive and integrative approaches to the problems of juvenile delinquency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.10C
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• pp.1017-1026
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• 2005

In burst OFDM system, the frame synchronization should be performed first for the acquisition of received frame and the estimation of the correct FFT-window position. The conventional frame synchronization algorithms using design features of the preamble symbol, the repetition pattern of the OFDM symbol by pilot sub-carrier allocation rule and Cyclic Prefix(CP), has difficulty in the detection of precise frame timing because its correlation characteristics would increase and decrease gradually. Also, the algorithm based on the correlation between the reference signal and the received signal has performance degradation due to frequency offset. Therefore, we adopt a differential correlation method that is robust to frequency offset and has the clear peak value at the correct frame timing for frame synchronization. However, performance improvement is essential for differential correlation methods, since it usually shows multiple peak values due to the repetition pattern. In this paper, we propose an enhanced frame synchronization algorithm based on the differential correlation method that shows a clear single peak value by using differential correlation between samples of identical repeating pattern. We also introduce a normalization scheme which normalizes the result of differential correlation with signal power to reduce the frame timing error in the high speed mobile channel environments.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.38-52
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• 2024

Digital transformation industry contributes to the improvement of productivity in overall industrial production, the smart green industry for carbon neutrality and sustainable growth is growing as a future industry. The purpose of this paper is to explore the status and role of the industry in the future industry innovation ecosystem through the analysis of the growth drivers and location pattern changes of the smart green industry. The industry is on the rise in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, and the growth of the industry can be seen in non-metropolitan and non-urban areas. In particular, due to the smart green industrial complex pilot project, the creation of Gwangju Jeonnam Innovation City, and the promotion of new and renewable energy policies, the emergence of core aggregation areas (HH type) in the coastal areas of Honam and Chungcheongnam-do, and the formation of isolated centers (HL type) in the Gyeongsang region, new and renewable energy production companies are being accumulated in non-metropolitan areas. Therefore, the smart green industry is expected to promote the formation of various specialized spokes in non-urban areas in the future industrial innovation ecosystem that forms a multipolar hub-spoke network structure, where policy factors are the triggers for growth.