• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1121-1127
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• 2008

The free-living amoeba and Acanthamoeba sp. are widely distributed in fresh water, soil, air and dust in the world. We studied distribution of amoeba from low Nakdong River(Mulgum and Maeri) and removal efficiency in water treatment process of Busan metropolitan city. During this investigation, water quality showed pH $7.4{\sim}9.6({\pm}1.1)$, water temperature $2.0{\sim}29.0({\pm}17)^{\circ}C$, turbidity $4.8{\sim}27.4({\pm}11.0)$ NTU, chlorophyll-a $10.3{\sim}109.0({\pm}44.3)\;mg/m^{3}$, BOD $1.7\sim4.9({\pm}2.6)$ mg/L, COD $3.1\sim-6.9({\pm}5.0)$ mg/L and total coliform $17\sim920({\pm}200.5)$ MPN/100 mL. The free-living amoeba were detected highly than Acanthamoeba sp., 11 out of 22 in raw water samples were positive (50%) for Acanthamoeba sp. from February 2005 to December 2005. The seasonal characteristics of tree-living amoeba and Acanthamoeba sp. in raw water were mainly distributed through the spring to the early fall. When tree-living amoeba and Acanthamoeba sp. were passed through the water treatment of pilot-plant, approximately 80% was sure to be removed through pre-ozonation, sedimentation, send filtration. 100% was removed after post-ozonation process. All of the isolated amoebas from Nakdong River were Acanthamoeba sp. AC311 18S ribosomal RNA gene with 98% nucleotide sequence homology.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.466-473
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise on sexual function and to present basic information on promoting sexual function for employed middle-aged women. Method: Data were collected from July to September, 2005 from a sample of 25 conveniently selected middle-aged working women from B city. For personal reasons, 10 dropped out, leaving 15 women who were treated with the exercise for 6 weeks. Outcome measures on sexual function were assessed by a self-report questionnaire based on the Female Sexual Function Index(Rosen et al, 2000 and translated by Kim, 2004). Cronbach ${\alpha}'s $ for the two studies were .82 and .96 respectively and for this study, .81. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for sexual function was 21.42(range 2-36). There were significant improvements in total sexual function, and 4 sub-scales of sexual function, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, and coital pain. No significant improvements in sexual desire or sexual satisfaction were found. Conclusion: The small sample means findings must be interpreted with caution, but do suggest that pelvic floor muscle exercise could be an effective exercise for improvement of sexual function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.125-138
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• 2019

This study aims to highlight the possibility in identifying species composition of fish communities using the environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding technique, from both of the technical introduction and the pilot test at urban ecological streams. This new emerging survey technique using eDNA is getting popular in the world as a compensating way for the conventional field survey. However, the application to the domestic cases has yet to be studied. We attempted to use this technique for identifying fish species observed at four survey points in Hwangguji-chon, Suwon City. As a result, the detected number of species by eDNA sampled once in May was significantly matched with the total number of observed species in annual field surveys. Additionally eDNA results indicated the presence possibility of the unobserved species in field last year, even though the validation may be required. This survey technique seems to be more efficient and applicable to diverse situations of the fields and species, thereby needs to be studied further. We discussed the pros and cons of the application and summarized the research directions in future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 1971

Cross-sectional studies of adults located in different regions were undertaken to measure changes in food intake and nutritional status. Representativeness of the selected areas was proven through a pilot study and an inquiry into some written materials, and those areas were as following: 1) Mountainous area 2) Farming area 3) Coastal Area 4) City Area The nutrition survey was undertaken by students of the College of Home Economics as follow: 60 children (out of the 25% given detailed examination) and their families were randomly selected for the nutrition survey. The survey team was composed of 30 students of the College of Home Economics. Each member of the survey team was assigned to make home visits to two families in order to obtain information on kinds and amounts of food consumed for three days. Degree of food consumption was measured by weighing the food was calculated in the same manner. Average adult unit for calories and protein in the four study areas was 0.81 and 0.98 with little variation. The total calories ranged from 2,114 Cal to 2,311 Cal. and the protein intake averaged from 57 gm to 67 gm. The calories taken by people of Kaejong were composed of carbohydrate (82% -87%), fat (3%-6%) and protein (10%-12%). Kaejong recorded a sufficient intake of fat and protein. All of the four study areas had a deficiency problem in intake of calcium, vitamin A. thiamine, riboflavin and ascorbic acid.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find out the job satisfaction of the korean medical clinic workers, and understand the factors that affect the satisfaction thereby increasing the efficiency of human resource management and providing the basic data to establish the management strategy. We visited 50 korean medical clinics which were chosen randomly from the korean medical clinics in the city of Changwon, Gyungnam. First, we explained the purpose of the study and survey contents to the surveyees, then distributed the Questionnaire and collected them. The data analysis was done statistically using the SPSS WIN IBM 20.0 program. The results were as follows: Professional career, interpersonal relationship, work autonomy, and overall job satisfaction showed significant differences depending on ages. While satisfaction of interpersonal relationship showed significant difference depending on final education. Depending on marriage status, while married persons showed significantly high satisfaction on professional career, interpersonal relationship, work autonomy, administration, and overall job satisfaction, there is no significant difference on income satisfaction. The number of years worked in the current clinic showed significant difference on administration satisfaction. Also, daytime working hours showed significant difference on administration and overall job satisfaction. The work area showed significant difference on overall job satisfaction. The income level showed significant differences on professional career, administration, and overall job satisfaction. From this study, it was confirmed that demographic characteristics and work environment factors showed significant differences on overall job satisfaction of workers in korean medical clinics. Therefore, in order to facilitate efficient manpower utilization and organization efficiency maximization, and motivation of human resources, a detailed plan should be developed to improve working environment and take demographic characteristics into consideration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5995-5998
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• 2012

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of most common cancers in women and men and one of the major causes of death due to neoplasia. Colonoscopy is considered as the most accurate diagnostic procedure to detect colorectal cancer at the earlier stages. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of an education program using the Theory of Planned Behavior on promoting behavioral intention among first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program to promote attitudinal factors associated with early detection of colorectal cancer in 99 first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients aged more than 20 years in Yazd city, Iran. A researcher made questionnaire forwhich validity and reliability were confirmed by expert point of view and pilot testing was employed for data collection. Questionnaires were filled in before and after educational intervention. The registered data were transferred to SPSS 19 and analyzed by paired T-test, Man-Whitney and Wilcaxon. Results: Mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention regarding colorectal cancer increased after education significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior has positive influence on promoting intention behavior. It is therefore recommended to apply educational programs to promote behavioral intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to explore the information activities of wedding dress shops and how companies' characteristics (the number of business year and the location of shops) and information users'characteristics (the year of career) influenced on utilization of information (fashion information, market information and internal information). In addition, the study was to investigate ratings of the importance of the competitive means. The questionnaire was revised by the researchers on the base of preceding research studies after interviewing wedding dress industry workers and performing a pilot survey. The total l10 copies were distributed to the workers of the wedding shops located in the city of seoul. Fifty six copies from the shops in Kangnam area were returned, and 38 copies at Kangbuk area. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan's tests were used. The results from the study are follow. 1. The heavily utilized fashion information was collected from international and domestic wedding magazine by the respondents for their merchandise and design planning. 2. According to the companies'characteristics (the number of business year and the location of shop), the 50∼10 year-old companies collected fashion information from international fashion shows, domestic wedding/fashion magazine reporters, and utilized sales data as internal information sources than any other companies. The shops in Kangnam area used international fashion information and market information on popular/unpopular goods more than other shops. 3. According to information users'characteristics (the year of career), the 3-5 year-experienced workers utilized domestic fabric converters as an information source, lists of popular/unpopular goods as well as future forecasting information as internal information more any other workers. 4. Dress design, fabrics and customer service before wedding were considered as very important competitive power by wedding shop workers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 2015

Background: The work force in industries are at risk of developing unduly high rates of health and behaviour related problems including abuse of alcohol, betel nut and cigarette (alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption). This study describes the relationships between alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption and health promoting behaviour among industrial workers. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted on workers in various industries of Ghaziabad city with concerned authority permission. A sample size of 732 workers was calculated based on pilot study. Through Simple random sampling 732 workers in 20 to 50 years age group with informed consent were interviewed through structured, pretested, validated questionnaire in vernacular language by one calibrated investigator. Data on socio demography, alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption pattern and health behaviour were collected. The association between health promoting behaviour and alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption was analysed by Logistic regression and Chi-square test through SPSS 16 at p<0.05 and 95%CI as significant. Results: Total prevalence of alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption in study population was 88%. The prevalence of individual alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption were 82%, 68% and 79% respectively. Combined alcohol, betel nut and cigarette prevalence in study population was 58%. Alcohol and cigarette users were significantly higher (p<0.001) in 30 to 40 years age group with lower level of education having poor attitude towards health promoting behaviour, poor oral hygiene practices and rare indulgence in regular physical exercise. Conclusions: This study stimulate further research on exploring methods to prevent initiation of health risk behaviour and promote healthy behaviour with cessation help for the current alcohol, betel nut and cigarette users.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mother's characteristics, mediated by disciplinary methods and young children's emotional regulation, on young children's aggression. Subjects of this study consisted of 342 young children drawn from seven preschools in Cheongju city. The pilot study was used to examine the applicability of survey instrument. Data were analyzed by the method of frequency, percentage, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, T-test. F-test, and Duncan post-hoc test using SPSSWIN program. The test of model was done with analysis of correlational matrix in LISREL VII package using a maximum likehood estimation. The results of this research were as follows: First, there were statistically significant differences in mother's characteristics consisting of neurosis symptom and extroversions, disciplinary methods consisting of coercive-punishment and indifferent-irresponsibility, young children's emotional regulation, and young children's aggression consisting of relation and overtness according to some socio-demographic variables. Girls had the higher emotional regulation than boys. Second, the direct effects of disciplinary methods and emotional regulation on boys' aggression were different in between relational and overt aggression. Third, the variables predicting boys' emotional regulation directly were the same in both relational and overt aggression. Forth, the direct effect of mother's characteristics on disciplinary methods was different in between coercive-punishment and indifferent-irresponsibility. Fifth, the indirect effects of mother's characteristics, mediated by disciplinary methods and young children's emotional regulation, on young children's aggression were partly supported in this study. Sixth, the theoretical model of the impact of mother's characteristics, disciplinary methods, and young children's emotional regulation on young children's aggression was different according to gender.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.110-118
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• 2012

This study was performed based on "Basic plan of landscape forming project in Jujeon village" which was performed during January ~ August 2011 as a target of "Pilot project of landscape forming in coast village" held by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. The project target, Jujeon village, Dong-gu, Ulsan metropolitan city has unique scenery and cultural and historic features. However, its distinct landscape is getting fallen due to insufficient management and development done without considering local feature. Therefore, we need to plan to increase the distinctive place value of coast village, and the landscape color plan is an essential element upon ma king entire harmony of village unit. This study, therefore, aims to suggest authentic landscape color plan and improvement plan of Jujeon village through local color research, local history, geographical feature, and resident sense research of Jujeon village. Especially, for independent landscape color plan for a small village, this study is significant to develop authentic color plan of Jujeon village based on storytelling and to provide possibility in landscape color plan through storytelling in the future.