• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1063-1073
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• 1999

Objective: Poor head and neck support during sleep can exacerbate the neck pain. Based on the ideal sleep posture and pillow suggested by Cyriax, we designed a new cervical pillow and compared the degree of pain reduction, quality of sleep and pillow satisfaction with a low hospital pillow and a high pillow. Method: The newly designed pillow has a built-in pressure-adjustable air bag in the cervical area and provides normal cervical lordotic curve in supine position and maintains cervical and thoracic vertebrae to form a horizontal line in side-lying position. Thiry-four patients with cervical pain used low hospital pillows for the first week of 3-week randomized crossover design study. They were subsequently randomly assigned to use each of the other two pillows for 1-week period. Outcomes were measured using Visual analog scale, Sleep questionaire, a pillow satisfaction scale. Result: Compared with other 2 types of pillow, Subjects using the newly desinged pillow showed much reduced pain intensity, increased duration of sleep and better satisfaction. Conclustion: We desinged a cervical pillow with built-in pressure adjustable air bag and it can significantly reduce pain intensity and improve quality of sleep in patients with cervical pain.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.713-720
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• 2006

Heat conductivity, height, size, elasticity of pillow, stability of shape, hygroscopicity, ventilation, temperature and easy movability, and so on, are considered to be some of major conditions that affect the comfortable sleep. Considering those factors together, the thermal properties, height, shape and feeling of touch, etc, of pillow must be taken into account. Though studies have been conducted to figure out the physical properties of mattress or pillows from the perspective of factors related to the environment of sleep, they are not enough to be used as an index to evaluate the qualitative aspect of sleep. This study tries to consider the effect of pillow filling materials on the comfortable sleep, for which EEG, ECG, EOG, EMG, RT, etc, are to be measured in an attempt to provide the basic data required in proposing the condition that may lead to a sound and comfortable sleep. Three types of pillows that are sold in the market were used for this research in order to evaluate the quality of sleep depending on the filling materials of pillow. All data were statistically processed and the following conclusions were drawn. It was found that the pillow with feathers provided the best comfort as the pillow A turned out to have the shortest sleeping latency(SL) from the perspective of comfort. The pillow B which used the polyethylene is deemed to be suitable for fatigue relieving purpose as it turned out to have the highest slow wave sleep(SWS), but no statistically significant difference was validated. Moreover, the pillow C which used the natural wool was found to have the narrowest contacting area of the pillow and head and provide a great warm heat comfort that may led to a sound sleep because the temperature below the pillow took the longest time to rise.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2017

This paper presents a respiration measurement sleeping pillow based on pressure sensors. The respiration measurement sleeping pillow system consists of a sleeping pillow, an interface circuit, a respiration measurement system, and four force-sensitive resistor(FSR) sensors attached at the bottom of the sleeping pillow. The FSR sensors are used to detect the respiration signals induced by the body movement while breathing. The respiration signals of a twenty health man were measured and analyzed by utilizing the respiration measurement sleeping pillow system. The pillow system could detect the respiration signals and had similar characteristics to the chest type BIOPAC respiration sensor used by medical doctors. The respiration rates of ten subjects were also measured. The average measurement accuracy was about 98.8%. The research results showed that this pillow system can be used to detect and analyze the respiration signal when sleeping for the better sleep management.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.503-517
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 dimensional contoured pillow through analyzing contact pressure and to suggest its design guidelines through analyzing the posture of head and neck area. Background: The quality of sleep is a very important factor closely related with human's health. To improve the quality of sleep, the verification of design factors affecting the posture of the head and neck is needed, and a pillow design that can induce proper posture is required. Method: This study measured the contact pressures of the two reference groups (bead and cotton pillows) as a method to evaluate the design effectiveness of the contoured pillow. This study proposed 3-dimensional design guidelines by drawing anthropometry (head length) affecting cervical curvature angle (CCA) through the measurement of the participants' cervical curvature angles. Results: In the design effectiveness evaluation, the contact pressure of cervical region was higher than that of a reference group (cotton pillow), and contract area increased, and contract pressure decreased in the shape distributing the occipital region's body pressure. This study proposed pillow's cervical supporting height by percentile of a head length [head length (%tile) (cervical supporting height) affecting the posture of the head and neck: 14.6cm (5%tile) (6.2cm), 15.5cm (25%tile) (6.7cm), 16.4cm (50%tile) (7.1cm), and 19.3cm (75%tile) (8.9cm)]. Conclusion: This study confirmed the contoured pillow's design effectiveness maintaining cervical angle comfortable to sleep with the shape supporting the cervical vertebrae and by reducing the contact load of the occipital region. Also, this study proposed pillow design guidelines based on the 3-dimensional contoured pillow design effectiveness, through which the study laid the foundation for pillow design in a systematic method. Application: The results of this study are expected to be utilized as the basis data by which the optimum pillow type and pillow design according to main percentile can be standardized.

• 월간포장계
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• 통권355호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2022

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2014

Objectives This study was performed to analyze relationship between pillow height and patients of arm paresthesia. Methods The data were collected from December 2013 to April 2014. The subjects who visited in Korean Medical hospital for Arm paresthesia were 65. The pillow height was measured from the surface to occipital protuberance. And the angle of cervical spine was measured from the tragus to the acromion. Results 1. The average height of pillow was $5.36{\pm}2.37cm$, and the average of the angle of cervical spine was $18.62{\pm}8.94^{\circ}$. 2. Correlation and regression analysis were performed on the pillow height, the angle of cervical spine and paresthesia. There was a significant correlation between the pillow height and paresthesia (R=0.389). And it had correlation between the angle of cervical spine and paresthesia (R=0.269). 3. The regression analysis was used to determine the influence of elements. The pillow height can influence to the arm paresthesia. Conclusions Through this study, we found out significant relationship between pillow height, cervical angle and patients of arm paresthesia. This result suggests that the higher pillow height and cervical angle can cause the more painful arm paresthesia.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2024

PURPOSE: The study aimed to analyze the effect of pillow height on upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle activity and overall human body comfort to determine the optimal pillow height. METHODS: The study included 32 healthy college students, of both genders, who provided prior consent. It examined three pillow heights (flat, 6cm, 12cm) and measured the upper trapezius and SCM muscles using ultrasonography, myotone, and electromyography(EMG). Muscle activation, thickness, and fatigue were assessed. RESULTS: The study found significant differences in muscle thickness and muscle tone based on the pillow heights (flat, 6cm, and 12cm) with a p < .05. The SCM and upper trapezius muscles were thinnest at a pillow height of 6cm. Muscle tone in the SCM was lower at both 6cm and 12cm pillow heights. Post-hoc measurements showed significant differences in both the SCM and upper trapezius muscles thickness at the 6cm pillow height (p < .05). Also, significant differences in muscle tone were observed only in the SCM, particularly between the 6cm and 12cm pillow heights. CONCLUSION: The ultrasonography and myotone measurements showed a significant difference in muscle thickness and muscle tension, both of which were above 6cm, while there was no difference in muscle activation. Based on the strong correlation between muscle tension and muscle thickness with pillow height, this study concluded that the human body feels comfortable with a 6cm pillow height. Therefore, it is recommended to use a pillow height of 6cm when lying in a supine position.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2019

본 논문에서 코골이 검출과 호흡 측정이 가능한 수면 관리 베개 시스템에 대해 연구 조사 하였다. 수면 관리 베개 시스템은 4개의 압력센서, 두 개의 마이크로폰, 하나의 베개, 측정 시스템으로 구성되어있다. 베개의 하단부에 설치된 4개의 압력 센서는 호흡 신호를 측정 하는데 사용되고, 베개 중앙 왼쪽과 오른 쪽에 설치된 두 개의 마이크로폰은 코골이 신호만 검출하는데 사용된다. 데이터 수집 장치와 컴퓨터로 구성된 측정 시스템을 사용하여 10명의 젊은 사람들의 코골이 신호와 호흡신호를 측정하였다. 호흡 신호 측정 정확도는 약 98%이였고, 코골이 신호 측정 정확도는 약 97% 이였다. 본 연구에서 수행된 실험 결과들이 수면 관리 베개 시스템이 수면 중 사람의 코골이 신호와 호흡신호를 측정하는데 사용 가능함을 보여 주고 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of muscle thickness of the deep cervical flexor muscle, muscle tonicity, and muscle fatigue of the superficial cervical flexor muscle by applying a functional latex pillow to patients with chronic cervical pain. METHODS: An experimental group using a functional latex pillow and a control group using a general pillow were assigned randomly to 30 people. Each pillow was applied in a comfortable lying position in the experimental group and control group. The deep cervical flexor muscle thickness was measured in the longus colli and longus capitus using ultrasonography. The muscle tonicity and muscle fatigue of the superficial cervical flexor muscle were measured separately in the sternocleidomastoid muscle using a myotonometer and electromyography. RESULTS: In the experimental group(functional latex pillow), the muscle tonicity of the superficial cervical flexor muscle like the sternocleidomastoid muscle was significantly lower than that of the control group (general pillow)(p < .01). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the functional latex pillow may effectively reduce the muscle tonicity of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which is the superficial cervical muscle, in patients with chronic cervical pain. On the other hand, it was not effective on the muscle thickness of the deep cervical flexor muscle and muscle fatigue of the superficial cervical flexor muscles.

• 감성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 코골이 방지 베개의 효율성을 검증하기 위해 수면다원검사 측정 결과를 이용한 분석 방법 및 총 수면 시간과 코골이 시간 등의 효율성 평가에 유용한 변수를 제안하는 것으로 연구가 진행되었다. 사용된 코골이 방지 베개는 두 개의 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 진동 센서와 펌프, 밸브, 공기주머니로 구성되어있다. 두 진동센서를 통해 코골이 신호를 정확하게 검출하고, 코골이 판정 시 제시된 알고리즘에 따라 베개 내부에 부착된 공기 주머니를 팽창시켜 목을 들어줌으로써 좁아진 기도를 확보하게 해 코골이를 경감시키도록 베개가 설계되었다. 베개의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 수면다원검사를 실시하였고, 실험에는 두 명의 피실험자가 참여하였으며 코골이 베개의 사용 유무에 따라 실험이 진행되었다. 수면다원검사로부터 다양한 변수값을 측정하여 분석하였고, 이 결과 값들로부터 베개의 유효성을 판단하였다. 두 피실험자 모두 총 수면시간은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 총 코골이 시간과 가장 긴 코골이 시간은 감소하는 것을 확인하였고 코골이방지 베개가 코골이를 효율적으로 경감하도록 하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 수면다원검사를 통해 코골이 방지 베개의 유효성을 확인하였으며 측정된 각 변수들과 수면의 질과의 관계를 살펴봄으로써 향후 많은 연구에 활용될 것이다.