• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2013

The painted folding screen of Crown Prince Munhyo at Boyangcheong, Munhyo-seja Boyangcheonggyebyung, was made to record the court ceremony where Crown Prince Munhyo(1782-1786), the firstborn son of King Jeongjo, met his first teacher called Boyanggwan for the first time at Boyangcheong, a government agency specifically founded to provide education for a crown prince, in January 1784. Having never been treated before, this 8-fold screen is still in its original presentation of Joseon Dynasty screen paintings of court ceremonies in the 18th century. The mountings of folding screens in Joseon Dynasty has been researched through the study of the mounting of the Boyangcheong screen and the conservation treatment of the screen has been based on this research. The result of the pigment analysis shows the use of lead white, red lead, vermilion(cinnabar), azurite, malachite, litharge(massicot), carbon black(Chinese ink). The microscopic observation has proved that the painting was painted on verso in most areas and finished on recto to highlight the details or to produce subtle hues by applying light colors.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 1998

The cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) extracted from pigmented rice seeds in 0.5% TFA (Trifluoro acetic acid) -95% ethanol was separated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A HPLC system using a Develosil ODS-5 column and 0.1 % TFA-$H_2O$～0.1 % TFA-$CH_3CN$ gradient elution was selected for separation and quantitative determination of C3G. Regression equation obtained for the standard content of C3G pigment was as Y=21.95293$^*$X-14.726771 (r=0.99$^{**}$). Using this method, 326 domestic and introduced collections were evaluated for the C3G content. The Korean bred cultivar 'Heugjinjubyeo', showed highest C3G content (552 mg/100g seed) among the tested cultivars. Among the pigmented rice cultivars ten cultivars were selected for containing a high content of C3G. The content of C3G per 100g seeds was in high order as follows: Heugjinjubyeo (552mg)>Cheng Chang (321mg)>Kilimgeugmi (240mg)>PI160979-2 (224mg)>Hong Shei Lo (221mg)>Heugnambyeo (191 mg)>Mitak =PIl60979-1 (186mg)>Suwon425 (163mg)>Sanghaehyanghyeolla (108mg). The C3G pigment was not detected in the common white rice cultivars.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.236-246
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• 2010

In preparative anti-corrosive coating experiments, polyaniline was obtained by reacting an oxidizing agent with the monomer aniline. Further, the primer coating was prepared using a variety of widely-used materials such as urethane resin. For the top coating, epoxy resin and acrylic urethane resin were used. Characteristics of the coatings were assessed according to KS and ASTM specifications, and the structure of the polyaniline was characterized using FT-IR and TGA. For analysis of anti-corrosive properties in salt-spray experiments, measurements of the oxidation state of iron and surface atomic analysis were conducted using XPS and SEM-EDX. Unlike general anti-corrosive coatings which exhibit anti-corrosive effects only as a primer coating, the anti-corrosive coatings using polyaniline as the anti-corrosive pigment showed a marked synergistic effect with the top coatings. In other words, the top coatings not only produce a fine view effect, but also increase, through interaction with the primer coatings, the resistance to diffusion of corrosive factors from the external environment. It was also found that, unlike the heavy metal oxide-forming layer of the passive barrier alone, the polyaniline anti-corrosive pigment oxidized iron at the interface with the iron substrate to form a passive barrier in the oxidic layer, and itself formed a potential barrier layer with anti-corrosive factors from the external environment. Although the passive layer was damaged, the damaged area did not become completely oxidized iron; on the contrary, it showed a tendency to reduction. This can be interpreted such that a passive layer is formed again on the damaged area, and that at the same time there is a tendency to self-healing.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.8.1-8.9
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the color change of the Giomer resin composite (Beautifil-Bulk) by using photographs obtained with a smartphone (iPhone 6S) associated with Adobe Photoshop software (digital method), with the spectrophotometric method (Vita Easyshade) after immersion in different pigment solutions. Materials and Methods: Twenty resin composite samples with a diameter of 15.0 mm and thickness of 1.0 mm were confectioned in A2 color (n = 5). Photographs and initial color readings were performed with a smartphone and spectrophotometer, respectively. Then, samples were randomly divided and subjected to cycles of immersion in distilled water (control), açai, Coke, and tomato sauce, 3 times a day, 20 minutes for 7 days. Later, new photographs and color readings were taken. Results: The analysis (2-way analysis of variance, Holm-Sidak, p < 0.05) demonstrated no statistical difference (p < 0.005) between the methods in all groups. Similar color changes were observed for all pigment solutions when using the spectrophotometric method. For the digital method, all color changes were clinically unacceptable, with distilled water and tomato sauce similar to each other and with statistical differences (p < 0.005) for Coke and açai. Conclusions: Only the tomato sauce produced a color change above the acceptability threshold using both methods of color assessment. The spectrophotometric and digital methods produce different patterns of color change. According to our results, the spectrophotometric method is more recommended in color change assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.459-465
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• 1995

The ether extract of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix(SMR) was fractioned to give five subfractions, so that two subfractions of them were recrystallized to yield each pure diterpene quinone pigment. On the basis of spectral evidence, these two compounds were identified as tanshinone II and crytotanshinone. Cryptotanshinone exhibited both of a potent platelet anti-aggregating activity in vitro and a potent antimicrobial activity. GC-MS analysis of the other extract showed that tanshinone II was contained in the largest proportion of all the diterpene quinones. In addition, GC-MS analysis gave other valuable analytical informations.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2010

We investigated characteristics of the coloring material of Dancheong pigments and hope that this study contributes the revival of traditional Dancheong pigments color. For this purpose, we collected Dancheong fragment samples that fell off naturally from old wooden buildings in Gwangju and Jeonnam and analyzed the natural coloring material by XRD and EDS-SEM analysis method. In white pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that gypsum$(CaSO_{4}{\cdot}2H_{2}O)$, quartz$(SiO_{2})$, white lead$(PbCO_{3})$ and calcite$(CaCO_{3})$ which have been used for white pigments since ancient times and $TiO_{2}$ which is common used in modern times. In red pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that hematite$(Fe_{2}O_{3})$ and red lead$(Pb_{3}O_{4})$, which have been used for red pigments since ancient times and C.I. pigment orange $13(C_{32}H_{24}C_{12}N_{8}O_{2})$ but there is no cinnabar(HgS) which has been used since B.C. 3000 in China. In yellow pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that crocoite$(PbCrO_{4})$ and massicot(PbO). In blue pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that sodalite$(Na_{4}BeAlSi_{4}O_{12}Cl)$ and nosean $(Na_{8}Al_{6}Si_{6}O_{24}SO_{4})$ as coloring material of blue pigment and C.I. pigments blue $29(Na_{7}Al_{6}Si_{6}O_{24}S_{3})$ which is used in modern times. In green pigments of Dancheong fragments, it is confirmed that calumetite$(Cu(OHCI)_{2}{\cdot}2H_{2}O)$, escolaite(Cr2O3), dichromium trioxide$(Cr_{2}O_{3})$, emerald green$(C_{2}H_{3}As_{3}Cu_{2}O_{8})$, and C.I. pigments green$(C_{32}H_{16}-XCl_{x}Cu_{8})$ which is used in modern time. In black pigments of Dancheong fragments, Chiness ink(carbon black) is confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.977-983
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• 2002

This study was performed to establish the precise and rapid method to distinguish croakers through the pigment analysis of colored imported white croakers for adultration. We surveyed the coloring behaviors, extraction test by water and organic solvent and using pigments such as targeting, curcumine, and azo dye products. The pigment of yellow croaker is not stained on wet cloth or tissue which is rubbed on epidermis of yellow croaker and was not eluted in water extraction test, while adulterated pigments were easily extracted by water and acetone, but edible diluted yellow, Yellow No. 4 and Yellow No. 5 were not extracted. Reactive pigment was detected easily by extraction with water and dispersed pigment was also detected by extraction test. As a result of discoloring characteristics of carotene having similar structure to yellow croaker and azo dye by oxidation and reduction, azo dyes were not discolored by oxidation with sodium percarbonate or peracetic acid but that were discolored by oxidation with Fenton reagent after 1hr and by hypochlorite promptly. On the other hand, carotenes were not discolored by sodium precarbonate and Fenton reagent but discolored by sodium hypochlorite after 2 hr and by peracetic acid promptly. Azo dyes were discolored by reduction with sodium hydrosulfite and sodium carbonate but carotenes were not discolored by these reagents. This discoloring test was applicable to detect adulterated pigments and other marine product.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 1995

For studying chlorophyll biosynthetic heterogeneity of plants, it is necessary to establish a technique for microassay of a putative monovinyl and divinyl protoporphyrin IX. Precise determination of the amounts of monovinyl and divinyl protoporphyrin IX is difficult with optical electronic spectroscopy even at 77$\circ$C. Such a problem could be solved by conversion of protoporphyrin IX to protoporphyrin IX dimethylester with diazomethane and subsequent Mg insertion into protoporphyrin IX dimethylester by reaction with a Grignard solution. The proportion of monovinyl and divinyl Mg-protoporphyrin IX dimethylester formed was measured instead of direct measuring that of protoporphyrin IX by low-temperature spectrofluorometry. The relative proportions of monovinyl and divinyl of protoporphyrin IX, Mg-protoporphyrin IX, and Mgprotoporphyrin IX dimethylester have not changed during the chemical conversion steps. This analysis system could be useful for the study of the monovinyl and divinyl chlorophyll biosynthetic routes in plants.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.459-466
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• 1994

Virginiae butanolide C(VB-C) is one of the butyrolactone autoregulators, which triggers the production of virginiamycin in Streptomyces virginiae. Streptomyces longwoodensis was selected as a test strain to investigate new VB-C functions. When 100 ng/ml of the synthetic VB-C was added into the culture at 5 hour and 0 hour, the initial production time of antibiotics and a dark blue pigment were shortened by 4~6 hours and 2~4 hours, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the production of several new antibiotics by VB-C addition. In the SDS-PAGE analysis of the total protein from mycelium several new protein bands showed up and the amounts of certain protein bands increased in the presense of VB-C. The existence of specific VB-C binding protein was confirmed from S. longwoodensis in relation to VB-C signal transduction. These results suggest that the VB-C might have an ability to induce the production of secondary metabolites in Streptomy- ces longwoodensis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.228-242
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• 2019

This research investigated the effect of mordants on the degradation of madder dye in silk when silk was treated by the H2O2/UV condition as a laboratory simulation of burial induced degradation. Alum, iron, and alum/iron composite mordanting methods were applied to silk before dyeing with madder dye. Dye extracted from silk was examined using HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. The abundance of the chromatogram peak at 8.88 min retention time was used as the concentration of alizarin pigment in silk. K/S values, CIE $L^{\ast}a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$ values; in addition, Munsell HVC values were obtained using a spectrocolorimeter. The findings indicated that alizarin degraded most severely in silk mordanted by alum/iron composite mordanting than alum mordanting or iron mordanting. Mordanting with alum alone provided a relatively lower dye fixation at the point of dyeing; however, it provided a better survival of alizarin after 12 hours of degradation treatment.