• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1086-1092
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• 2017

Objective: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. The objective of this study was to find the variations of OGT between European and Chinese pigs. Methods: Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). Results: The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows ($2Minzu{\times}WC$, $2Duroc\;[DU]{\times}WC$, $2ME{\times}WC$, $1Fengzing{\times}WC$) at USMARC. The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the $1/2ME{\times}1/2WC$ parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of $1/2ME{\times}1/2WC$ parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. Conclusion: There was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS. This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2016

Although piglets have been delivered by embryo transfer (ET) with in vitro produced (IVP) embryos and blastocysts, a success rate has still remained lower level. Unlike mouse, human, and bovine, it is difficult to a production of piglets by in vitro fertilization (IVF) because of an inappropriate in vitro culture (IVC) system in pig. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate whether minimized exposure time in IVC can improve the pregnancy and delivery rates of piglets. Immediately after IVM, the oocytes were denuded and co-incubated with freshly ejaculated boar semen for 3.5 to 4 hours at $38.5^{\circ}C$ under 5% $CO_2$ in air. To avoid long-term exposure to in vitro state, we emitted IVC step after IVF. After that the presumptive zygotes were transferred into both oviducts of the surrogate on the same day or 1 day after the onset of estrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 28 after ET and then was checked regularly every month by ultrasound examination. The 3 out of 4 surrogates were determined as pregnant (75%) and a total of 5 piglets (2 females and 3 males) were delivered at $118.3{\pm}2.5$ days of pregnancy period. In conclusion, a short-term exposure time may be an important factor in the production of IVP-derived piglets. It can be apply to the in vitro production system of transgenic pig by IVF, cloning, and pronuclear microinjection methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1403-1411
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• 2002

The aims of this study were, firstly, to analyze the biochemical compositions of serum and follicular fluid (FF) from prepubertal gilts after PMSG (1,000 IU) treatment. The concentrations of total proteins, lipids, cholesterol, glucose and sex hormones (progesterone, $P_4$; estradiol-$17{\beta}$, $E_2$; testosterone, T) were measured. Secondary, the effects of porcine FF (pFF) addition (40% and 100%) in IVM media and different culture conditions [Exp. 1: mBMOC-2+20% porcine serum (PS), fresh IVM medium, filtered IVMconditioned medium, or rabbit oviducts; Exp. 2: mBMOC-2+20%PS or stepwise medium replacement procedures (SMRP) cocultured with or without cumulus cells] on the in vitro development (IVD) of porcine oocytes were also examined. Results showed that no significant differences were found in total protein levels between serum and pFF from different sizes (large, >7 mm; medium, ~5-7 mm; small, <3-5 mm) of follicles (75-85 and 49-90 mg/dl; p>0.05). Total lipid concentrations remained constant in serum (395-472 mg/dl), and reduced significantly in the pFF from large follicles (287 mg/dl) at 132 h after PMSG treatment when compared to those at other time points (441-480 mg/dl). Basal cholesterol levels in serum and pFF at 12 h were similar (153-161 mg/dl), but increased at 36 h (186-197 mg/dl). Basal P4 and E2 levels in serum (0.1 ng/ml and 5.5 pg/ml) were low, but increased from 0.34 ng/ml and 12.13 pg/ml at 24 h to 0.81 ng/ml and 61.70 pg/ml at 98 h, respectively, after PMSG treatment (p<0.05). P4 levels increased linearly in pFF from large follicles during 12 through 132 h (138-1,288 ng/ml). A similar increase was also observed in $E_2$ levels (22-730 pg/ml) before 60 h post PMSG treatment, and then dropped afterwards (730-121 pg/ml). The development of the oocytes fertilized in 40% pFF-medium was greater than that in 100% pFF-medium group without gonaodtropin addition (31% vs 10%, p<0.05). However, both were lower than those in mBMOC-2+20%PS and in rabbit oviducts (p<0.05). When cocultured with cumulus cell monolayers, a greater cleavage rate was observed in the group cultured in filtered IVM-conditioned medium than the SMRP group (36% vs 18%, p<0.05). A similar phenomenon was also observed in the culture without cumulus cell monolayers (33% vs 19%, p<0.05). It is concluded that neither the fresh IVM nor filtered IVM-conditioned medium has positive effect on the IVD of oocytes. Coculture with cumulus cell monolayers and the SMRP were not beneficial to the development of IVF pig oocytes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2008

본 연구는 Bayesian method에 바탕을 둔 Gibbs sampling algorithm을 이용하여 돼지의 번식형질에 대한 산차 별 자료를 활용하여 산차의 기록에 대한 서로 다른 모델설정시의 유전모수 추정치의 변화를 통하여 종돈장에서 분석모델설정, 선발 및 육종계획 수립 시 기초자료로 활용코자 1996년부터 2006년까지 국내 N 종돈장의 요크셔종 번식능력 검정자료 9,609자료와 혈통기록 3,981두의 자료를 이용하였다. 산차에 대하여 영구환경효과로 간주하고 분석한 총 산자수의 유전력 및 영구환경효과는 각각 0.12±0.020, 10.9±1.63%로 추정되었으며, 반복력은 각각 0.22±0.012로 추정되었다. 또한 산차를 다른 형질로 간주하고 단형질로 추정한 산차 별 유전력 및 표준편차는 1산차, 2산차, 3산차, 4산차, 5산차 및 6산차에서 각각 0.11±0.032, 0.15±0.037, 0.15±0.044, 0.12±0.042, 0.07±0.046 및 0.05±0.037로 추정되었으며 산차간 유전상관은 0.99에서 －0.13으로 분포되어 산차간 간격이 커질수록 유전상관이 떨어지는 경향을 보이며, 유전력이 떨어질수록 상관도 떨어지는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 산차에 대한 유전상관의 변화는 선발이나 혹은 산차간 환경에 기인한다고 볼 때, 총 산자수에 대한 산차 별 유전상관이 산차가 변함에 따라 작아지거나 혹은 변하는 상황에서, 산차간 유전상관이 동일하다는 가정이 많이 달라지므로 정확한 개체의 육종가 추정을 위하여는 산차를 고려한 반복모델보다는 개체의 산차를 다른 형질로 보는 것이 타당하다고 사료된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2005

본 연구는 돈 분뇨 액비에 미생물 첨가가 배추의 발아지수에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위해서 수행하였다. 돈 분뇨 액비는 107일 동안 폭기와 무폭기 상태로 액상비료를 제조하여 공시하였고 미생물 첨가는 $0.05\%,\;0.1\%,\;0.2\%,\;0.3\%$ 수준으로 하였다. $0.05\%$ 미생물 접종 처리구에서 식물 독성이 낮고 발아지수가 높게 나타났다. 첨가수준별 돈분 액비 이용시험에서 초기 돈 슬러리의 액비성상은 T-N 2,873 ppm, T-P 753 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 1,441.6 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 16.48ppm으로 50일이 되면서 폭기조건에서 T-N 3,672 ppm, T-P 164 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 183.87 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 21.97 ppm로 변화하였으며, 무폭기 조건에서 T-N 1,261 ppm, T-P 68 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 161 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 16.87 ppm로 나타났다. 미생물을 처리하지 않고 107일동안 폭기조건과 무폭기 조건으로 액비화한 시료의 발아지수는 각각 83과 40.4이였다. 돈 분뇨 액비를 무산소 제조시 $40\%$ 이상, 호기제조시 $50\%$ 이상의 발아지수가 개선되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 액비제조 처리가 무산소 제조보다는 호기제조 처리가 작물에 양호한 것으로 판단되어지며 이는 호기처리시 총질소의 함량을 높게 유지할 수 있도록 하는 결과인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2014

The consumption of meat is increasing in India and agriculture is considered as the backbone of a majority of people. Livestock plays a significant role, and poultry and dairy are the major sectors contributing to economic development. The majority of meats consumed in India are fish, bovine, mutton, goat, pig, and poultry. In Indian context, culture, traditions, customs, and taboos influence meat consumption to a great extent. However, studies show that urbanization has been causing a rise in demand for meat products. India is the world's second largest exporter of beef. In India, 95% of goat meat produced is consumed locally. Meat consumption, in particular, is determined by the religions where pork is forbidden to Muslims and beef is prohibited to Hindus. The preference and consumption of chicken meat can be considered as a universal phenomenon and chicken meat is greatly accepted by consumers in India as compared to the other meat consumption. The increase of chicken meat consumption is due to the versatility of the meat, relatively low cost in comparison to other meat, and the acceptance of the chicken meat to all religions. There has been a great rise in the production of livestock products and this is expected to continue in the future. The pattern of meat consumption depends considerably on culture, tradition and urbanization. This review was formulated with the objective of identifying the meat consumption patterns in a typical Indian society.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.932-937
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• 2002

A partial genome scan using porcine microsatellites was carried out to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for backfat thickness (BFT) in a pig reference population. This population carried QTL on chromosomes 1, 13 and 18. The QTL on chromosome 1 was located between marker loci S0113 and SW1301. The QTL corresponded to very low density lipoprotein receptor gene (VLDLR) in location and in biological effects, suggesting that VLDLR might be a candidate gene. The QTL found on chromosome 13 was found between marker loci SWR1941 and SW864, but significance for the marker-trait association was inconsistent by using data with different generations. The QTL on chromosome 18 was discovered between markers S0062 and S0117, and it was in proximity of the regions where IGFBP3 and GHRHR were located. The porcine obese gene might be also a candidate gene for the QTL on chromosome 18. In order to understand genetic architecture of BFT better, fine mapping and positional comparative candidate gene analyses are necessary.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2013

The swine is one of the most widespread mammalian throughout the whole world. Presently, many studies concerning microsatellites in swine, especially domestic pigs, have been carried out in order to investigate general diversity patterns among either populations or breeds. Until now, a lot of time and effort spend into a single PCR method. But simple and more rapid multiplex PCR methods have been developed. The purpose of this study is to develop a robust set of microsatellites markers (MS marker) for traceability and individual identification. Using multiplex-PCR method with 23 MS marker divided 2 set, various alleles occurring to 5 swine breed (Berkshire, Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc and Korea native pig) used markers to determine allele frequency and heterozygosity. MS marker found 4 alleles at SW403, S0227, SWR414, SW1041 and SW1377. The most were found 10 alleles at SW1920. Heterozygosity represented the lowest value of 0.102 at SWR414 and highest value of 0.861 at SW1920. So, it was recognized appropriate allele frequency for individual identification in swine. Using multiplex-PCR method, MS markers used to determine individual identification biomarker and breed-specific marker for faster, more accurate and lower analysis cost. Based on this result, a scientific basis was established to the existing pedigree data by applying genetics additionally. Swine traceability is expected to be very useful system and be conducted nationwide in future.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1331-1338
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• 2018

Although there have been plenty of dominance deviation analysis, few studies have dealt with multiple phenotypes. Because researchers focused on multiple phenotypes (final weight and backfat thickness) of Landrace pigs, the classification of the genes was possible. With genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we analyzed the additive and dominance effects of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The classification of the pig genes into four categories (overdominance in final weight, overdominance in backfat thickness and overdominance in final weight, underdominance in backfat thickness, etc.) can enable us not only to analyze each phenotype's dominant effects, but also to illustrate the gene ontology (GO) analysis with different aspects. We aimed to determine the additive and dominant effect in backfat thickness and final weight and performed GO analysis. Using additive model and dominance deviation analysis in GWASs, Landrace pigs' overdominant and underdominant SNP effects in final weight and backfat thickness were surveyed. Then through GO analysis, we investigated the genes that were classified in the GWASs. The major GO terms of the underdominant effects in final weight and overdominant effects in backfat thickness were ion transport with the SLC8A3, KCNJ16, P2RX7 and TRPC3 genes. Interestingly, the major GO terms in the underdominant effects in the final weight and the underdominant effects in the backfat thickness were the regulation of ion transport with the STAC, GCK, TRPC6, UBASH3B, CAMK2D, CACNG4 and SCN4B genes. These results demonstrate that ion transport and ion transport regulation genes have distinct dominant effects. Through GWASs using the mode of linear additive model and dominance deviation, overdominant effects and underdominant effects in backfat thickness was contrary to each other in GO terms (ion transport and ion transport regulation, respectively). Additionally, because ion transport and ion transport regulation genes are associative with adipose tissue accumulation, we could infer that these two groups of genes had to do with unique fat accumulation mechanisms in Landrace pigs.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.713-722
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• 2012

Landrace와 Berkshire의 longissimus dorsi muscle으로부터 단백질 발현양상의 차이를 보기 위하여 2-DE실험을 통하여 분석한 결과 Landrace 에서 특이적으로 발현 양이 증가한 단백질들은 serum albumin precursor, troponin T (TnT; slow skeletal muscle), myoglobin였다. Berkshire에서 특이적으로 발현 양이 증가한 단백질들은 heat shock 27 kDa protein 1, troponin T (fast skeletal muscle), muscle creatine kinase, phosphoglucomutase 1, triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi 1), adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1)였다. Landrace의 longissimus dorsi muscle에서는 slow skeletal muscle과 연관된 단백질들이 발현된 반면에 Berkshire에서는 fast skeletal muscle, 물질대사경로, 에너지 생산과 관련된 단백질들이 발현되었다. Berkshire를 이용하여 성장단계별로 단백질 발현을 분석해 본 결과 growing Berkshire에서 발현이 증가한 단백질은 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L1 (ALDHL1)와 muscle creatine kinase이고 finishing Berkshire에서 발현이 증가한 단백질은 heat shock 27 kDa protein 1, TnT (slow skeletal muscle), TnT (fast skeletal muscle), serum albumin precursor, PGM 1, AK 1, Tpi 1였다. 이 결과는 Finishing Berkshire의 등심에서는 growing Berkshire에 비교하여 골격근육, 에너지물질대사, 세포골격 등이 보다 활성화된 것으로 사료된다.