• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2009

Porcine proliferative enteritis (PPE) is a transmissible gastroenteric disease caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. Clinically, PPE causes hemorrhagic diarrhea and sometimes death in growing pigs, but when the disease progresses to a chronic phase, the infected pig no longer displays significant symptoms. The purpose of the present studies were carried out to determine L. intracellularis in the pig farms and slaughter house, in Gyeongnam area. A survey of proliferative enteritis in pig was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing method, total 1,495 samples. PCR products showed a specific band at the 210bp, 329bp in the specimens of feces and mucosal scraping. Of 420 fecal specimens, 113 (26.9%) were identified as positive to PPE. Of 1,075 mucosal scraping specimens, 109 (10.1%) were identified as positive to PPE. Of total 1,495 specimens, 222 (14.8%) were identified as positive to PPE.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1540-1549
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• 2017

Objective: Increasing food safety demands in the animal product market have created a need for a system to trace the food distribution process, from the manufacturer to the retailer, and genetic traceability is an effective method to trace the origin of animal products. In this study, we successfully achieved the farm tracing of 6,018 multi-breed pigs, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers strictly selected through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection. Methods: We performed farm tracing of domesticated pig (Sus scrofa) from SNP markers and selected the most relevant features for accurate prediction. Considering multi-breed composition of our data, we performed feature selection using LASSO penalization on 4,002 SNPs that are shared between breeds, which also includes 179 SNPs with small between-breed difference. The 100 highest-scored features were extracted from iterative simulations and then evaluated using machine-leaning based classifiers. Results: We selected 1,341 SNPs from over 45,000 SNPs through iterative LASSO feature selection, to minimize between-breed differences. We subsequently selected 100 highest-scored SNPs from iterative scoring, and observed high statistical measures in classification of breeding farms by cross-validation only using these SNPs. Conclusion: The study represents a successful application of LASSO feature selection on multi-breed pig SNP data to trace the farm information, which provides a valuable method and possibility for further researches on genetic traceability.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.584-590
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• 2000

Natural products are one of the useful source of cardiovascular drugs, in particular, when they have antioxidant activity. Gagaminine, an alkaloid isolated from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordi Hemsley, has been reported to potently inhibit the aldehyde oxidase activity ({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=0.8$\mu$M) and reduce lipid peroxidation. However, the effect of gagaminine on vascular smooth muscle has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we examined whether gagaminine relaxes vascular smooth muscle by isometric tension study. In order to observe its relaxation effect on the arteries, conductivel vessel (rat thoracic aorta) and resistance vessel (pig coronary artery) were purposely used. Results indicated that gagaminine relaxed in a concentration-dependent manner $\alpha$-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction of rat aorta. Pretreatment with gagaminine inhibited PE-induced contraction, noncompetitively. {TEX}$Ca^{2+}${/TEX}-induced contraction was significantly diminished by gagaminine. In pig coronary artery, gagaminine relaxed thromboxane receptor (U 46619)-mediated contraction in dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with gagaminine also reduced the maximum contraction induced by KCl. These observations strongly suggest that agagminnine relaxes vascular smooth muscle, irrespective of both resistance and conductive artery. We demonstrate that gagaminine, a potent natural antioxidant, has a significant vasodilatory effect and its action mechanism van be ascribed at least in part to {TEX}$Ca^{2+}${/TEX} antagonistic action as evidenced by inhibition {TEX}$Ca^{2+}${/TEX}-induced contraction (rat aorta) and KCl-induced contraction (porcine artery). Furthermore, neither $\alpha$ -adrenoceptor nor thromboxane receptor seems responsible for the relaxation of gagaminine.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.943-952
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• 2023

Objective: For decades, LYD ([Landrace×Yorkshire] ♀×Duroc ♂) pigs are the most commonly-used commercial breed for meat production in Korea. Recently, due to the increasing demand for premium pork, the National Institute of Animal Science (Korea) has synthesized a novel pig breed named Woori Heukdon (WHD). This study aimed at comparing the carcass traits, meat yield and quality characteristics between the LYD and WHD pigs under identical rearing condition. Methods: The WHD and LYD pigs (n = 15 each) were reared under identical conditions and fed the same commercial diet until reaching recommended market weight (100 to 120 kg). After slaughter, the carcasses were evaluated for traits and meat yield, and the meat quality was assessed on shoulder butt and belly cuts. Results: Although no significant differences (p>0.05) occurred in slaughter weight between two pig types, WHD had a lower meat yield (by about 6 kg corresponding to approximately 7%) compared to the LYD pigs (p<0.05). The WHD had a higher fat content (by 4.26% and 13.52% in the shoulder butt and belly, respectively) compared to those of LYD pigs (p<0.05). The WHD meat showed a lower cooking loss and higher a* (redness) value (p<0.05). The WHD belly had a significantly (p<0.05) higher oleic acid content and concentrations of nonanal, octanal and decanal associated with fatty odor while, the LYD meat had a higher number of pyrazines associated with roasty odor. Regarding sensory quality, higher flavor, juiciness, and acceptability higher scores were given for the WHD meat than for the LYD meat (p<0.05). Conclusion: Under identical rearing conditions the WHD exhibited a better meat quality and sensory properties. However, the use of this diet resulted in a high fat level that may be associated with high trimming loss for the WHD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.283-300
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• 2004

Currently commercial dry sows are housed in individual stalls and subject to restricted feeding. These sows often show stereotypic behaviours which increase their maintenance energy requirement. Group housing is desirable to improve animal welfare and public perception. However, under restricted feeding systems, group-housed dry sows are also aggressive. The feed intake of these sows is variable, depending on their social rank, which results in different milk production and variable piglet performance. These problems can be solved by ad libitum feeding systems, but the large capacity of intake by dry sows will not allow this feeding system to be practical as high feeding level during pregnancy can reduce reproduction performance of sows. Current research indicates that feeding high fibre diets to dry sows enables sows to be fed ad libitum, but the effect of dietary fibre on feed intake and nutrient utilisation is dependent on the quality of fibre sources. Most research has focused on sugar beet pulp, straw, lucerne meal and by-products, but there is a need to identify and evaluate some widely available and cheap fibre materials and feed grains for developing the best strategy to control nutrient intake of dry sows while feeding ad libitum.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2022

The first purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of pork traceability data, which is monthly time-series data, and to draw implications with regard to its usefulness. The second purpose is to construct a dynamic ecological equation model (DEEM) that reflects the biological characteristics at each growth stage, such as pregnancy, birth and growth, and the slaughter of pigs, using traceability data. With the monthly pig model devised in this study, it is expected that the number of slaughtered animals (supply) that can be shipped in the future is predictable and that policy simulations are possible. However, this study was limited to traceability data and focused only on building a supply-side model. As a result of verifying the traceability data, it was found that approximately 6% of farms produce by mixing great grand parent (GGP), grand parent (GP), parent stock (PS), and artificial insemination (AI), meaning that it is necessary to separate them by business type. However, the analysis also showed that the coefficient values estimated by constructing an equation for each growth stage were consistent with the pig growth outcomes. Also, the model predictive power test was excellent. For this reason, it is judged that the model design and traceability data constructed with the cohort and the dynamic ecological equation model system considering biological growth and shipment times are excellent. Finally, the model constructed in this study is expected to be used as basic data to inform producers in their decision-making activities and to help with governmental policy directions with regard to supply and demand. Research on the demand side is left for future researchers.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which are used in a variety of consumer products. Several of those are produced in large quantities. Their chemical structure similarities to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as their toxicity, has been studied. PBDEs are persistent and lipophilic, which results in their bioaccumulation in the fatty tissues of organisms and enrichment throughout food chains. In addition, a number of studies also reported high levels of PBDEs in animals and food resulting from the use of contaminated animal feed Public concern about PBDEs levels in animals and food has been raised. Feed contamination by toxic chemicals has been the cause of the contamination of poultry products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PBDEs in pig feed to search the origin chase of POPs in pigs. Feed samples were obtained wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1614. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Quantification was carried out by the isotopic dilution method. The analysis of ${\Sigma}PBDEs$ involved 22 PBDE congeners, including BDE-17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 153, 154, 156, 183, 184, 190, 191, 196 and 197.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.506-512
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• 2011

This study was conducted to validate the theoretical feasibility of a technique to identify biomarkers in Korean native black pig (KNP) and a commercial Landrace breed. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we found six proteins (NADH dehydrogenase Fe-S protein 1, an unnamed protein product, similar to T-complex protein 1, annexin V = CaBP33 isoform, fatty acid-binding protein, and catechol O-methyltransferase), which appeared in KNP alone. We raised polyclonal antibodies (used as the primary antibody) for Western blotting to confirm the characteristics of the six KNP proteins. As a result, catechol O-methyltransferase, annexin V = CaBP33 isoform, and the unnamed protein product presented thicker bands in KNP than those in Landrace. Moreover, catechol O-methyltransferase was shown to be more feasible as a biomarker for KNP. However, cross-reactivity was observed with the polyclonal antibodies for KNP and the other three proteins (NADH dehydrogenase, a protein similar to T-complex protein 1, and fatty acid-binding protein). This study only showed limited results from a limited number of animals; however, our research suggests possibilities for future studies.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.489-498
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• 2017

This study was conducted to compare the mortality number of swine between before and after HACCP implementation on swine farm. Also, we analyzed the reason for implementing HACCP system, advantage and disadvantage of HACCP system implemented swine farm. The study was carried out by randomly selected fifty swine farms located in all around Korea. The results were as follows: The mortality number of swine before HACCP system was found to be 288.30, 122.90, 91.08, 18.22, and 108.10 in respiratory, diarrhea, abortion (stillbirth), an accidental death and others, respectively. However, after HACCP implementation, it decreased, without significantly, to 261.60, 101.10, 85.91, 16.37, and 108.60, respectively. Therefore, Therefore, the total number of mortality pig decreased from 628.70 (before HACCP) to 573.60 (after HACCP). The enhancement of farm competitiveness (26.92%) and hygienic and safety pig production (23.43%) were ranked as the first and second proposes for implementing HACCP system on swine farm. The major advantage of implementing HACCP were improvement the farm sanitation management level (20.90%) and the major disadvantage was surveyed as HACCP records (23.10%). We are expecting that our results might be used for producing safer livestock products by improving livestock products HACCP policy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1207-1214
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• 2017

Since the industrialization of swine production in the late 1900s, swine farms in the United States, as well as in Europe, have largely become consolidated. Pig farms became larger in size but fewer in number, with 91% of market pigs being produced by large operations with 5,000 or more pigs on-site in the US, and only 3% of the total utilized agricultural land representing organic farming. Such change in the market made it difficult for small farmers to stay competitive, forcing them to find alternative ways to reduce the cost of production and increase profit using the outdoor production system. In contrast to the indoor confinement system, outdoor production system uses pasture-based units and/or deep-bedded hoop structures that promote animal welfare and environmental sustainability with a lower capital investment. In accord with the growing concern for animal and environmental welfare and food safety by the consumers, small farmers practicing an outdoor production system are seeing increased opportunities for marketing their products in the pork niche market. Unlike the general belief that the reproductive and growth performance measures of the outdoor sows and piglets are poorer in comparison with the animals reared indoors, studies showed that there was no significant difference in the performance measures, and some traits were even better in outdoor animals. Improved reproductive and production traits can increase the sustainability of outdoor farming. Present study reviewed the recent studies comparing the performance measures, meat quality and health of indoor and outdoor animals, as well as the efforts to improve the outdoor production system through changes in management such as hut types and breed of animals.