• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.341-359
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• 2019

Non-monolithic concrete structural connections are commonly used both in new constructions and retrofitted structures where anchors are used for connections. Often, flaws are present in anchor system due to poor workmanship and deterioration; and methods available to check the quality of the composite system afterward are very limited. In case of presence of flaw, load transfer mechanism inside the anchor system is severely disturbed, and the load carrying capacity drops drastically. This raises the question of safety of the entire structural system. The present study proposes a wave propagation technique to assess the integrity of the anchor system. A chemical anchor (embedded in concrete) composite system comprising of three materials viz., steel (anchor), polymer (adhesive) and concrete (base) is considered for carrying out the wave propagation studies. Piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) affixed to the anchor head is used for actuation and the PZTs affixed to the surrounding concrete surface of the concrete-anchor system are used for sensing the propagated wave through the anchor interface to concrete. Experimentally validated finite element model is used to investigate three types of composite chemical anchor systems. Studies on the influence of geometry, material properties of the medium and their distribution, and the flaw types on the wave signals are carried out. Temporal energy of through time domain differentiation is found as a promising technique for identifying the flaws in the multi-layered composite system. The present study shows a unique procedure for monitoring of inaccessible but crucial locations of structures by using wave signals without baseline information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.740-745
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• 2014

ZnO nanowires were grown by hydrothermal synthesis process and piezoelectric poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was then coated on top of the ZnO-nanowires by spray-coating technique. The composite layer of ZnO-nanowires/PVDF was applied to an energy harvesting device based on piezoelectric-conversion mechanism. A defined mechanical force was given to the nanogenerator device to evaluate their electric power generation characteristics, where output current density and voltage were examined. Electric power generation property of the ZnO-nanowires/PVDF based nanogenerator device was compared to that of the nanogenerator device with ZnO-nanowires as single active layer. Effect of the ZnO-nanowires on improvement of power generation was discussed to examine its feasibility for the nanogenerator device.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 1996

New active "intelligent" structural systems with integrated self-sensing, diagnosis, and control capabilities can lead to a new design dimension for the next generation high-performance structures and mechanical systems. However, temperature effects to the piezoelectric transducers are not fully understood. This paper is concerned with a mathematical modeling and analysis of a laminated piezothermoelastic cylindrical shell composite exposed to mechanical, electric, and thermal fields. Generic shell equations and solution procedures are derived. Contributions of spatial and time components in the mechanical, electric, and temperature excitations are discussed, and their analytical solutions derived. A laminated cylindrical shell composite with fully distributed piezoelectric layers is used in a case study; its multi-field step and impulse responses are investigated. Analyses suggest that the fully distributed actuators are insensitive to even modes due to load averaging and cancellation. Accordingly, these even modes are filtered from the total response and only the modes that are combinations of m = 1, 3, 5, ${\cdots}$ and n = 1, 3, 5, ${\cdots}$ participating in dynamic response of the shell.

• Ceramist
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-53
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• 2020

Magnetoelectric (ME) composites composed of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials derive interfacial coupling of magnetoelectric conversion between magnetic and electric properties, thus enabling to detect ultra-low magnetic field. To improve the performance of ME composite sensors, various research teams have explored adopting highly efficient magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases, tailoring of device geometry/structure, and developing signal process technique. As a result, latest ME composites have achieved not only outstanding ME conversion coefficient but also sensing of ultra-low magnetic field below 1pT. This article reviews the recent research trend of ME composites for sensing of ultra-low magnetic field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.710-713
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• 2003

The PZT(KP12) powder was synthesized by sintering at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs and wet milling for 24 hrs. The PZT composite mixed with PVdF was fabricated into bulk, sheet, and plate type and the characteristics of three types were estimated. The bulk type which has PZT volume percent of 70 showed the best piezoelectric constant. Dielectric constant increased exponentially as an increase of PZT volume percent. The figure of merit of bulk and plate type was better than pure PZT over PZT volume percent of 50.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.311-315
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• 2002

The coupled finite/boundary element method is used in numerical analysis for acoustic radiation from the vibration of rectangular composite plate which is simply supported. This analysis is validated using the Wallace equation for an isotropic plate. Active control of sound fields has been carried out using 3 pairs of piezoelectric sensor/actuator and a pair of viscoelastic material by passive constrained layer damping treatment. The results show that the optimal placement of piezoelectric sensor/actuator and VE patch is required to control the sound fields from a vibrating composite plate.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.233-245
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• 2022

Resently, the use of smart structures has been heightened up rapidly. For this issue, vibration analysis related to a graphene nanoplatelet composite (GPLRC) nanodisk which is attached to a piezoelectric layer and is subjected to thermal loads is explored in the current paper. The formulation of this study is obtained through the energy method and nonlocal strain gradient theory, and then it is solved employing generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Halpin-Tsai model in addition to the mixture's rule are utilized to capture the material properties related to the reinforced composite layer. The compatibility conditions are presented for exhibiting the perfect bounding between two layers. The results of this study are validated by employing the other published articles. The impact of such parameters as external voltage, the radius ratio, temperature difference, and nonlocality on the vibrational frequency of the system is investigated in detail.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 1993

A finite element formulation of vibration control of a laminated plate with piezoelectric sensor/ actuators is presented. Classical lamination theory with the induced strain actuation and Hamilton's principle are used to formulate the equations of motion of the system. The total charge developed on the sensor layer is calculated from the direct piezoelectric equation. The equations of motion and the total charge are discretized with 4 node, 12 degrees of freedom quadrilateral plate bending elements with one electrical degree of freedom. The mass and stiffness of the piezoelectric layer are introduced by treating them as another layer in laminated plate. Piezoelectric sensor/actuators are distributed, but discrete due to the geometry of electrodes. By defining an i.d. number of electrode for each element, modelling of electrodes with variable geometry can be achieved. The static response of a piezoelectric bimorph beam to electrical loading and sensor voltage to given displacement are calculated. For a laminated plate under the negative velocity feedback control, the direct time response by the Newmark-.betha. method and damped frequencies and modal damping ratios by modal state space analysis are derived.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.521-527
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• 2023

Piezoelectric technology, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, has recently attracted drawn considerable attention in the industry. Among the many kinds of piezoelectric materials, BaTiO₃ nanotube arrays, which have outstanding uniformity and anisotropic orientation compared to nanowire-based arrays, can be fabricated using a simple synthesis process. In this study, we developed a flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (f-PEH) based on a composite film with PVDF-coated BaTiO₃ nanotube arrays through sequential anodization and hydrothermal synthesis processes. The f-PEH fabricated using the piezoelectric composite film exhibited excellent piezoelectric performance and high flexibility compared to the previously reported BaTiO₃ nanotube array-based energy harvester. These results demonstrate the possibility for widely application with high performance by our advanced f-PEH technique based on BaTiO₃ nanotube arrays.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.466-471
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• 2008

Structural vibration and noise are hot issues in underwater vehicles such as submarines for their survivability. Therefore, active vibration and noise control of submarine, which can be modeled as hull structure, have been conducted by the use of piezoelectric materials. Traditional piezoelectric materials are too brittle and not suitable to curved geometry such as hull structures. Therefore, advanced anisotropic piezoceramic actuator named as Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC), which can provide great flexibility, large induced strain and directional actuating force is adopted for this research. In this study, dynamic model of the smart hull structure is established and active vibration control performance of the smart hull structure is evaluated using optimally placed MFC. Actuating performance of MFC is evaluated by finite element analysis and dynamic modeling of the smart hull structure is derived by finite element method considering underwater condition. In order to suppress the vibration of hull structure, Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) algorithm is adopted. After then active vibration control performance of the proposed smart hull structure is evaluated with computer simulation and experimental investigation in underwater. Structural vibration of the hull structure is decreased effectively by applying proper control voltages to the MFC actuators.