• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2018

본 연구는 Yorkshire, Duroc, Pietrain, Duroc ${\times}$ Pietrain (DP)의 품종들에서 등심의 육질 특성을 비교하기 위하여 이화학적 분석 및 관능 평가를 실시하였다. 공시 동물은 총 79두(Yorkshire 22두, Duroc 22두, Pietrain 17두, DP 18두) 암퇘지를 이용하여 실험을 진행하였고 돈육의 이화학적 성상, 육색, 지방산 조성 및 관능 평가를 실시하였다. 도축 후 24시간 동안 냉각시킨 후 좌도체로부터 돈육 등심 부위를 발골 및 정형하여 진공포장 후 일반성분 분석, 이화학적 분석 및 관능검사를 실시하였다. 일반성분 분석 결과, pH는 Yorkshire, Duroc, DP가 Pietrain보다 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.01) 수분함량은 Pietrain이 다른 품종들에 비해 가장 높았다(p<0.01). 지방함량은 Duroc($3.69{\pm}1018$)과 DP($3.71{\pm}1.32$)가 유의적으로 가장 높았고 Pietrain이 $1.48{\pm}0.48$로 가장 낮았다(p<0.01). Pietrain은 다른 품종들에 비하여 드립 감량에서 $68.61{\pm}3.58$로 가장 낮았지만(p<0.01) 보수력에서는 $74.67{\pm}0.39$로 가장 높았다(p<0.01). 가열감량과 전단력은 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 육색지수의 경우 명도(L*)와 적색도(a*), 황색도(b*)에서 품종 간의 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(p<0.01). 관능검사의 경우 Pietrain이 다른 품종들에 비해 더 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 품종의 차이에 따라 육질에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 종축개량
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1992

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1991

The data on reproductive performance of 1065 purebred Landrace, 1254 purebred Yorkshire. 553 purebred Duroc and 327 purebred Pietrain sows bred to farrow purebred litters and data from 3413 Landrace $\times$ Yorkshire, 487 Duroc $\times$ Pietrain and 3191 commericial litters were udsed in this study. The data were collected form litters farrowed form January 1986 to December 1988 in Holiday Hills Stock and Breeding Farms, San Prero, Laguna. The crossbred sows and litters were better in most traits associated with sow productivity than their contemporary purebred sows and litters. The Duroc $\times$ Pietrain crossbred litters showed 16.67% improvement in litter size at weaning, 10.11% improvement in survival rate form birth to weaning and 16.21% more pigs per sow pre year than the averages of their parental breeds. The litters from the Landrace $\times$ Yorkshire crossbred sows sired by either Duroc or Duroc $\times$ Pietrain boars had 11.01% bigger litter size at birth, 20.74% increase in litter size at weaning and 22.86% more pigs weaned per sow per year than the averages of the four parental breeds. Very little improvement in most traits evaluated were observed form the Landrace $\times$ Yorkshire crossbred litters compared with their parental breeds. Year of birth of litter had litter influence on sow productivity. However, the reproductivity performance declined when sows farrowed in June up to September. The best Months of farrowing were found to be from January to April. The breed $\times$ year, breed $\times$ month and year $\times$ month had no significant effects on all traits evaluated.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2020

본 실험은 국내와 유럽에서 비육돈 생산 시 종료웅돈으로 이용되는 품종과 이를 활용한 교잡돈의 성장, 체형형질 및 도체 부분육 생산량을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 본 실험을 위해 산육형질 분석은 D(Duroc) 147두, DPP(Duroc×Pietrain×Pietrain) 101두, 도체 부분육 생산량 분석은 D, DPP 각각 16두를 사용하였다. 실험결과 등지방두께는 DPP는 12.69±3.25 mm, D는 14.07±0.24 mm로 높은 유의적 차이를 보였고, 일일사료섭취량은 DPP는 1,909 g, D는 2,101 g으로 조사되었다(p<0.001). 체고, 흉심, 흉폭은 D가 DPP에 비해 높은 유의적 차이를 보였지만(p<0.001), 체장은 비슷하게 조사되었다. D의 도체 부분육 생산량 비중은 후지, 삽겹살, 전지 순서였고, 각각 31.17, 23.40 및 16.54%를 차지하였으며, DPP의 도체 부분육 생산량 비중은 각각 33.43, 19.55 및 16.87%를 차지하였다. 부위별 도체 부분육 생산량 비율 차이를 살펴보면, 후지는 DPP 33.43%, D 31.17%로 2.26% P 차이를 보인 반면, 삼겹살은 D 23.40%, DPP 19.55% 로 3.85% P 차이를 보였다. 따라서 DPP는 D 보다 사료효율이 우수하고, 최근 건강을 생각하는 소비자들의 선호도가 높은 저지방 부위의 생산 증대 효과를 기대할 수 있다고 판단된다. 이러한 각각 품종의 특성은 우수한 품종개발에 기초자료로써 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effects of breed and gender in Duroc (D), Pietrain (P), and crossbred (DP) pigs. Loin samples were collected from D (n = 79), P (n = 42), and DP (n = 45) pigs. Intramuscular fat content was significantly lower in P (p < 0.001), and pH was lowest in DP pigs (p < 0.001). Gilts had higher intramuscular fat (IMF) and pH values than did castrated males (p < 0.05). Water-holding capacity was lower in DP pigs than that in D and P pigs (p < 0.001). Shear force in DP pigs was higher than that in D and P pigs (p < 0.001). Lightness and yellowness of meat in DP pigs was increased compared with coloring of P pig meat (p < 0.01). Meat from DP pigs was redder compared with meat from in D and P pigs, and it was higher in gilts than in castrates (p < 0.001). The C16:0 content was lower in P and DP pigs than in D pigs (p < 0.01). C18:2 content was higher in P and DP pigs than in D pigs (p < 0.001). Unsaturated and saturated fatty acids increased in P pigs compared with levels in D pigs (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that meat quality can be controlled by crossbreeding to increase or reduce selected properties. This study provides the basic data on the meat characteristics of F1 DP pigs. Thus, further study should be conducted to estimate the meat quality of various crossbreeds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to screen scrotal hernia in domesticated swine from selected breeders in the Philippines. This defect is associated with a cytosine to thymine mutation in the BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) gene of swine. Methods: Genetic screening was done by DNA extraction followed by amplification and digestion using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, amplifying the 416 bp region of the BAX gene that was subjected to digestion using the Ear I enzyme. Sequencing was also conducted to validate the results. Results: Results revealed that out of 538 samples tested, 411 (76.4%) of the samples were found to be normal whereas the remaining were carriers of the mutation in which 80 (14.9%) were heterozygous mutants and 47 (8.7%) were homozygous mutants. Pietrain breed was found to have the highest incidence. Conclusion: Having a scrotal hernia eliminates the chances of using the boar as a breeder stock because the following generations arising from it would most likely exhibit herniation. It is therefore advised to establish a genetic screening method for Scrotal Hernia in the Philippines to eliminate the negative gene from the herd.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1354-1361
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• 2015

The complement system is a part of the natural immune regulation mechanism against invading pathogens. Complement activation from three different pathways (classical, lectin, and alternative) leads to the formation of C5-convertase, an enzyme for cleavage of C5 into C5a and C5b, followed by C6, C7, C8, and C9 in membrane attack complex. The C9 is the last complement component of the terminal lytic pathway, which plays an important role in lysis of the target cells depending on its self-polymerization to form transmembrane channels. To address the association of C9 with traits related to disease resistance, the complete porcine C9 cDNA was comparatively sequenced to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pigs of the breeds Hampshire (HS), Duroc (DU), Berlin miniature pig (BMP), German Landrace (LR), Pietrain (PIE), and Muong Khuong (Vietnamese potbelly pig). Genotyping was performed in 417 $F_2$ animals of a resource population (DUMI: $DU{\times}BMP$) that were vaccinated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Aujeszky diseases virus and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus at 6, 14 and 16 weeks of age, respectively. Two SNPs were detected within the third exon. One of them has an amino acid substitution. The European porcine breeds (LR and PIE) show higher allele frequency of these SNPs than Vietnamese porcine breed (MK). Association of the substitution SNP with hemolytic complement activity indicated statistically significant differences between genotypes in the classical pathway but not in the alternative pathway. The interactions between eight time points of measurement of complement activity before and after vaccinations and genotypes were significantly different. The difference in hemolytic complement activity in the both pathways depends on genotype, kind of vaccine, age and the interaction to the other complement components. These results promote the porcine C9 (pC9) as a candidate gene to improve general animal health in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2015

The complex analysis of the pedigree records of Czech Landrace (CLA), Czech Large White-dam line (CLWd), Czech Large White-sire line (CLWs), Duroc (DC), and Pietrain (PN) was performed to determine trends of genetic diversity (GD), and to find the main sources of the GD loss. The total size of the pedigree was 132,365, 391,151, 32,913, 13,299, and 7,160 animals in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. Animals born in the years 2011 through 2013 were assumed as the reference population. The average pedigree completeness index for one generation back was 95.9%, 97.4%, 91.2%, 89.8%, and 94.2% for appropriate breeds. Number of ancestors explaining 100% of gene pool was 186, 373, 125, 157, and 37 in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. The relative proportion of inbred animals (58%, 58%, 54%, 47%, and 25%), the average inbreeding (2.7%, 1.4%, 2.5%, 3.6%, and 1.3%) and the average co-ancestry (3.1%, 1.6%, 3.3%, 4.2%, and 3.3%) were found over the past decade in analysed breeds. The expected inbreeding under random mating increased during the last 10 years in CLWs and PN and varied from 1.27% to 3.2%. The effective population size computed on the basis of inbreeding was 76, 74, 50, 35, and 83 in 2012 in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. The shortest generation interval (1.45) was observed for CLWd in sire to son selection pathway. The longest generation interval obtained PN (1.95) in sire to daughter pathway. The average relative GD loss within last generation interval was 7.05%, 4.70%, 9.81%, 7.47%, and 10.46%, respectively. The relative proportion of GD loss due to genetic drift on total GD loss was 85.04%, 84.51%, 89.46%, 86.19%, and 83.68% in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. All breeds were characterized by a high proportion of inbred animals, but the average inbreeding was low. The most vulnerable breeds to loss of GD are DC and PN. Therefore, a breeding program should be more oriented to prevent the increase of GD loss in these breeds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.31.1-31.11
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• 2015

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the potential association of variation in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. IGFBP2 is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein family that is involved in regulating growth, and it maps to a region of pig chromosome 15 containing significant quantitative trait loci that affect economically important trait phenotypes. Results: An IGFBP2 polymorphism was identified in the Michigan State University (MSU) Duroc ${\times}$ Pietrain $F_2$ resource population (n = 408), and pigs were genotyped by MspI PCR-RFLP. Subsequently, a Duroc pig population from the National Swine Registry, USA, (n = 326) was genotyped using an Illumina Golden Gate assay. The IGFBP2 genotypic frequencies among the MSU resource population pigs were 3.43, 47.06 and 49.51 % for the AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. The genotypic frequencies for the Duroc pigs were 9.82, 47.85, and 42.33 % for the AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. Genotype effects (P < 0.05) were found in the MSU resource population for backfat thickness at $10^{th}$ rib and last rib as determined by ultrasound at 10, 13, 16 and 19 weeks of age, ADG from 10 to 22 weeks of age, and age to reach 105 kg. A genotype effect (P < 0.05) was also found for off test Longissimus muscle area in the Duroc population. Significant effects of IGFBP2 genotype (P < 0.05) were found for drip loss, 24 h postmortem pH, pH decline from 45 min to 24 h postmortem, subjective color score, CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and sensory panel scores for juiciness, tenderness, connective tissue and overall tenderness in MSU resource population pigs. Genotype effects (P < 0.05) were found for 45-min pH, CIE $L^*$ and color score in the Duroc population. Conclusions: Results of this study revealed associations of the IGFBP2 genotypes with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. The results indicate IGFBP2 as a potential candidate gene for growth rate, backfat thickness, loin muscle area and some pork quality traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.398-404
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• 2015

The first aim of the study was to compare selected meat quality parameters in porkers without the gene $RYR1^T$ (ryanodine receptor gene). These were porkers slaughtered at 100 to 115 kg and 116 to 130 kg live weight. The second aim of the study was to determine the occurrence frequency of standard-quality meat (red, firm, nonexudative [RFN]) and the occurence frequency of defective meat (pale, soft, exudative [PSE] and acid, soft, exudative [ASE]). The analysis was conducted on the longissimus lumborum muscle in 114 crossbred porkers. The porkers were a cross of Camborough 22 sows and boars from lines 337PIC (Pig Improvement Company), Norsvin Landrace and Pietrain. All of the animals were provided with identical environmental and nutritional conditions. The average weight of the slaughtered animals in the light and heavy groups was 110 kg and 122 kg, respectively. Both groups had the same average post-slaughter meatiness (56.5%). A statistical analysis of selected meat-quality parameters did not show any significant differences between the weight groups. On the other hand, the classification based on carcass quality showed an occurence frequency of defective meat in heavier crossbred porkers (116 to 130 kg) that was three times higher than in those cross bred animals which weighed 100 to 115 kg when slaughtered. In porkers without the gene $RYR1^T$, the defective meat types PSE and ASE occurred with a frequency of 17.54%.