• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.325-335
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• 1999

Empetrum nigrum dominant community or Rhododendron mucronulatum and R. yedoense var. poukhanense dominant shrub community are developing above l,500m on Mt. Halla in Cheju Island, Korea. These communities were formed as a result of the forest of Abies koreana regression by grazing or erosion over a long period of time. This study was conducted using the phytosociological method and it clarified the floristic composition of the community in Cheju Island by comparing with a similar community in Japan. Also this study interpreted the development data of these communities and considered community succession. As a result of our interpretation, shrub community of Cheju Island is recognized as two associations, Festuco obinae-Empetretum nigrum ass. nov and Rhododendretum mucronulatum ass. nov. Each association of Cheju Island is composed of endemic species of Cheju Island. related to the Korean peninsula and to Japan. The two associations are divided into 8 sub-units but each community development has been created with longtime grazing and prescribed fire. Maybe the location stability by stoppage of interference and grazing will process community transition Quickly. Comparing the shrub communities of Cheju Island with Maianthemo-Rhododendretum in Kyushu, Japan, which is close geographically, both areas have the species of Miscanthetea sinesis and Ericaceae in common. But Cheju Island has more abundant species and has higher ratio of appearance of alpine plants. The shrub communities of Cheju Island and Kyushu. Japan are identified as having a different rank over Alliance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

This study was carried out to classify vegetation structure of the Anseong district in the Deogyusan National Park from May 2007 to September 2008 using the gradient analyses and phytosociological method. The vegetation communities were classified into Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflara, Q. serrata, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula davurica, B. costata, Pinus densiflora and Abies koreana. Characteristics of the vegetation such as species composition, layer structure, vegetation ratio, and the distribution of individual trees by DBH were significantly different among communities. The order of important value of the forest community with DBH 2cm above plants was Q. mongolica (40.02), C. laxiflora (25.65), Q. serrata (24.68), F. mandshurica (21.66), P. densiflora (19.12), Acer pseudosieboldianum (16.96), C. cordata (11.87), B. davurica (11.66), B. costata (10.90), Styrax obassia (10.90) and A. koreana (10.41). Distribution of DBH P. densiflora had a formality distribution, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. In contrast, F. mandshurica appeared limited to the valley of the sheet and a higher frequency of young individuals, suggesting a continuous domination of these species the development of a climax forest terrain. This study showed the correlation between each community and the environment according to DCCA ordination. The A. koreana community predominated on the northern slope of the park in the high elevation habitats which had many O-M. F. mandshurica community predominated in the highest elevation habitats which had many Moisture, EX-Cation and T-N. The P. densiflora community mainly occurred on the southern slope of the park in the low elevation habitats which had few Moisture, O-M and T-N. The Q. serrata community and C. laxifiora community appeared on the park in the middle habitats.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2003

Vegetation structure was investigated in the Hyeonchang wetland and its watershed around the Nakdong-gang, Changryeong-county, Gyeongsangnamdo, Korea. from May to August, 2001. The vegetation type of the Hyeonchang wetland was classified into 12 communities based on the actual vegetation map: Phragmites communis community, Zizania latifolia community, Phragmites communis - Persicaria perfoliata community, Salix koreensis community, Persicaria perfoliata - Phragmites communis community, Spirodela polyrhiza community, Persicaria perfoliata community, Cyperus amuricus community, Cyperus amuricus-EchinochJoa crus-galli var. frumentacea community, Phragmites communis-Zizania latifolia community, EchinochJoa crus-galli var. frumentacea community, and Persicaria maackiana community. Among them, Phragmites communis community was the largest (4.3 ha, 24%). The dominant vegetation type were Phragmites communis community, Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea-Persicaria maackiana community, and Cyperus amuricus subcommunity based on the phytosociological method. The vegetation type of the Hyeonchang wetland watershed was classified into five communities based on the actual vegetation map: Pinus densilflora community, Pinus rigida community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus acutissima community, Pinus densiflora-Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii community, and Populus tomentiglandulosa community. Among them, Distribution area of Pinus densiflora community was largest (399.3 ha, 61.8%). And the degree of green naturality of the Pinus densiflora community was 7 and 8 degree.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2011

Pine (Pinus densiflora) forests of 315 sites were classified by applying the phytosociological method, TWINSPAN and DCA (detrended correspondence analysis). The floristic composition and diversity patterns of the vegetation types analyzed and documented. The vegetation types were classified 8 groups including 4 groups of Quercus mongolica type and 4 groups of Quercus serrata-Smilax china type. Taxonomically, Compositae was the most diverse family (21 genus, 45 species) and followed in order of Liliaceae (18 genus, 34 species), Rosaceae (17 genus, 34 species), and Leguminosae (15 genus, 25 species). The patterns of species richness, diveristy and evenness were significantly different among the vegetation types. In altitudinal pattern of species diversity, species richness monotonically decreased but species evenness increased with increasing altitude.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.609-615
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• 2008

The study was conducted to analyze vegetation and soil characteristic of Corylopsis coreana population in Baekunsan of Gyeonggi-Do, Jirisan, Baekunsan, Jogaesan of Jeollanam-do, and Geumsan of Gyeongsangnamdo. Field research was from September 2005 to September 2006. According to classification with phytosociological method, the Corylopsis coreana population was classified into Tilia amurensis dominant population, Lindera erythrocarpa dominant population, and Pinus densiflora dominant population. According to CCA ordination, the Tilia amurensis dominant population were located in area of high elevation, and high concentration in total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchangeable capacity(CEC). The Pinus densiflora dominant population were located in area of low elevation, and low concentration in total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchangeable capacity. The Lindera erythrocarpa dominant population were located in area of high elevation, and medium concentration in total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchangeable capacity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2008

The phytosociological study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of paddy levee vegetation in South Korea. The vegetation data of total 59 releves were analyzed by the Zurich-Montpellier school's method. 6 syntaxa (3 associations and 3 communities) of paddy levee were recognized : Echinochlo-Digitaretum ciliaris ass. nov. hoc., Artemisia princeps-Erigeron annus community, Imperata cylindrica v. koenigii community, Glycine soja-Humulus scandens community, Miscantheum sinensis f. purpurascens ass. nov. hoc,, Polygonetum thunbergii Lohm. et Miyawaki 1962. Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) showed that Artemisia princeps-Erigeron annus community and Imperata cylindrica v. koenigii community were positively correlated with soil hardness. Polygonetum thunbergii Lohm. et association and Miscantheum sinensis f. purpurascens ass. nov. hoc. was intimately correlated with high soil total nitrogen.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.257-271
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• 1991

Two types in the species-importance, one type of carpinus laxiflora, carpinus tschonoskii, quercus serrata, quercus grosseserrata and pnus densiflora community and another type of abeies koreana community classified by zurich-montpellier method, were recognized based on the data from 81 sample plots. The forme species sequence-importance curves were coincidred with the ideal curve calculated by preston's lognormal-distribution theory(1948), with small variations among five communities, and the latter with that of motomura's niche pre-emption hypothesis(1932). It seems that plant community classified by phytosociological method based on the unit concept coincide with the vegetation type recognized by species population analyse based on the continuum concept and the dominance-diversity reflrcts on the difference in the coenocline among their plant communities.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.471-484
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• 1994

The forest vegetation types and their structural characteristics in Mt. $Mud\v{u}ng$ were investigated by classification method and ordination method. The forest was classified into 7 communities by ristic composition table: Quercus monogolica community, Q. serrata community, Q.acutissima community, Q.variabilis community, Q.dentata community, Pinus densiflora community and Frainus mandshurica community. Considering the moisture gradient, two kinds of distributuin pattern were shown as follows; F. mandshurica, Q. acturissima, Platycarya strobilacea and Staphylea bumalda were distribute at moist habitats, while Q. monogolica, P. densiflora and Q.variabilis at dry habitats. In continuum analysis, each population occupied different distribution area but it was continuously overlapped. On the successional trends of tree species, it is postulated that Q. mongolica species might dominate the altitudinal zone over 700m.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 2019

This study was designed to analyze vegetation units using a phytosociological method and to identify the ecological characteristics of each vegetation unit, for forest vegetation from Misiryeong to Danmokryeong of Baekdudaegan, in which, in total, 150 plots were surveyed during May to October 2016. Using community classification according to phytosociology, the Quercus mongolica community group was classified at the top level of a vegetation hierarchy that was classified into an Abies koreana community and a Carpinus cordata community. The A. koreana community was divided into Thuja koraiensis and A. koreana typical groups. The T. koraiensis group was subdivided into Pinus pumila and Betula chinensis subgroups. The C. cordata community was divided into Sasa borealis and C. cordata typical groups. Thus, this forest vegetation comprised one community group, two communities, four groups, and two subgroups and indicated five vegetation units. After analyzing the correlations among the five vegetation units classified by this plant sociological method and the environmental factors like altitude, bare rock, number of present species, and coverage of tree layer with a coincidence method, the A. koreana community and C. cordata typical group were found to be distributed above 1,000 m in altitude, and the S. borealis group was distributed below 1,000 m in altitude. Except for vegetation unit 1, vegetation units tended to be mainly distributed where there was less than 20% bare rock. There was no typical tendency in the number of species present; vegetation unit 5 showed the most abundance among the vegetation units. Coverage by the tree layer mostly exceeded 60%, except for vegetation unit 1.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.188-201
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• 2017

Based on a total of 272 vegetation data collected by the ZM school phytosociological study method, the composition and structural characteristics of the forest vegetation in the Sogwang-ri forest genetic resource reservoir located in Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do were compared using the table comparison method and the TWINSPAN method, And their ecological characteristics were analyzed. The types of forest vegetation were classified into 7 types, and it was divided into two major groups, 'Slope and Ridge type', which characterized by Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora for. erecta, Lespedeza bicolor etc. and 'valley and concave slope', which characterized by Cornus controversa, Fraxinus mandshurica, Morus bombycis, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata etc. The hierarchy of the vegetation unit was 2 community groups, 4 communities, and 6 subcommunities. The structural characteristics such as the total percent cover, species importance value, species diversity of the constituent species per unit area($/100m^2$) of each type of forest vegetation were also identified. In order to understand the spatial distribution of forest vegetation, 1/5,000 large-scale physiognomic vegetation map was created by the uppermost dominant species. The composition and structural characteristics of Geumgang pine(P. densiflora for. erecta) forest, which is a core community of protected area by natural and anthropogenic influences, appear as a subtype of Quercus mongolica forest, which is a potential natural vegetation, Appropriate maintenance measures seemed urgently needed.