• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1993

Thc effect of light and phylohormonc on the belalaln synthesis was tested using the suspension culture of a rod(bclalaln produulng) cell line from Phytolacca esculenta V. Houtte. Betalain synthesis of rod-cell 1ine was strongly dependent on the irradiation of blue light, but induced by hormone, IAA and/or kinetin, in dark conditions. In a light condition, however, 2 mg/l of IAA increased the betalain content about 30% (per gram fresh weight), whereas more than 0.5mg/l of kinetin remarkably decreased. The hairy root derived from the same plant was also observed for the blue light-dependent pigmentation in the root-tips. When the hairy root grown in dark was transferred to the light condition, the accumulation of betalain was initiated after 12hours. Such pigmentation was completely inhabited by addition of a protein synthesis inhibitor.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.234.1-234
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 1995

The effects of light on the activities of several antioxidative enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), ascorbate oxidase(AO), and peroxidase(POD) were examined in the hairy root cultures of Phytolacca esculenta van Houtte induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens $A_4$T. Activities of CAT, SOD, and AO were significantly decreased with incresing light intensity (500-2,000 lx). The activity of AO under high light condition (2,000 lx)was decreased by 92% compared to the dark condition. The activities of glutathoine peroxidase (GPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APO) and general POD were increased under lower light intensify below 500 lx. The activity of GPO under 2,000 lx was decreased by 85% compared to the dark condition. The activities of antioxidative enzymes were more decreased in blue light (400-500nm). The activities of antioxidative enzymes in blue light intensity were increased in lower light intensity below 30 lx, but decreased 21-70% under 200 lx. The activity of AO was decreased by 70% under 200 lx with increasing blue light intensity. Our results suggest that the activities of antioxidative enzymes in hairy roots might be inhibited by endogenous oxidants generated under the high blue light conditions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 1995

The synthesis of betalain in hairy root cultures of Phytolacca esculenta van Houtte required the light, but the growth of hairy roots was inhibited 5 times under light condition(1500 1X) compared to dark condition. To investigate the growth inhibition of hairy roots under light condition, we surveyed the effects of several antioxidants on growth and betalain production if suspension cultures of hairy roots was increased 1.2-1.4 times under dark condition and 1.3-1.9 times under light condition by the treatment of ascorbic acid, glutathione, $\alpha$-tocopherol, sodium pyrosulfate and propylgallic acid. The betalain production was increased 1.2-2.1 times by antioxidants under light condition. The combination treatment of antioxidants didn't have any significant effect on the growth of hairy roots and betalain synthesis. The antioxidants of the betalain production were more effect under blue light than others. It was discussed that the endogenous oxidants may be produced under blue light.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1976

Steroid and terpenoid constituents of 3 species of genus Phytolacca have been examined by TLC. All contained ${\alpha}$-spinasterol, its glucoside and acylated glucoside, jaligonic acid and its methylester, esculentic acid and its methylester, and 10 phytolaccosides. Jaligonic acid was the major free triterpenoid and phytolaccoside E was the major saponin in all plants. Bayogenin, oleanolic acid, spergulagenic acid, acinosolic acid, hederogenin, and their derivatives contained in other Phytolacca spp. were not found in these plants.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.95-97
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• 1976

Saponin was distributed in all tissues of Phytolacca americana and P. esculenta. Phytolaccoside E was a major saponin, but the callus tissues induced from stems of P. americana contained phytolaccoside B as a major component. Saponin contents in leaves and stems were almost similar to those in roots. Two unknown compounds, $C_{32}H_{50}O_{4}$ (triterpenoid) and $C_{18}H_{22}O_{5}{\cdot}H_2O$ (polyphenol) were isolated from seeds of both plant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-127
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• 1974

상륙(商陸) (Phytolacca americana L.)의 근(根)에서 얻은 조(粗)saponin을 산(酸) 가수분해(加水分解)하면 5(종)種의 genin을 얻을 수 있다. 그 중(中) 2종(種)의 성분(成分)에 대하여는 아직 그 구조(構造)가 밝혀지지 않았다. 그 중(中) 한 성분(成分), $C_{31}H_{48}O_{6},\;(mp\;309-311^{\circ})$에 대하여 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)을 검토(檢討)한 바 I과 같은 구조식(構造式)을 추정(推定)할 수 있었으며 본성분(本成分)은 신화합물(新化合物)이므로 phytolaccagenic acid라고 명명(命名)하였다 Phytolaccagenic acid의 가수분해산물(加水分解産物)은 제(第)2의 미지성분(未知成分)과 같고 이것은 P. esculenta에서 얻은 esculentic acid와 동일(同一)하다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.3 s.126
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• pp.175-180
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• 2001

Solvent extracts of 17 plants collected in Cheju Island were investigated for their biological properties related to cosmeceuticals such as tyrosinase and hyaluronidase inhibition and also radical scavenging effects. The chloroform fraction of Phytolacca esculenta root exhibited strong inhibition against tyrosinase activity. No fraction showed significant hyaluronidase inhibition. Some solvent extracts of plants such as Achyranthes japonica and Artemisia princeps showed considerable radical scavenging activities.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.220-230
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• 2004

This study was conducted of Korean native plants to screen herbicidal activity which could be used for the development of new natural herbicides. Ninety-eight plants were collected from Wan Island, Chollanamdo in Korea and their methanol extracts were obtained. Herbicidal activities of the methanol extracts were determined by seed bioassay using canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Among ninety-eight species, twenty plants were highly herbicidal ($GR_{50}<1,000\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$): Abies holophylla MAXIM., Ailanthus altissima (MILL.) SWINGLE, Anthemis nobilis L., Aralia elata SEEM., Artemisia iwayomogi KITAMURA, Asarum sieboldii MIQ., Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. nippo-oleifera MAKINO, Clematis terniflora DC., Crataegus scabrida SARG., Gnaphalium affine D. DON, Jasminum nudiflorum LINDL., Kalopanax pictus (THUNE.) NAKAI, Machilus japonica S. et Z., Myrica rubra S. et Z., Osmunda japonica THUNB., Phytolacca esculenta V. Houtte, Platanus occidentalis L., Quisqualis indica L., Rubus hirsutus THUNB., Yucca smalliana FERN. Fifty plants were shown moderate herbicidal activity $(1,000\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}, however, twenty-eight plants were not shown any herbicidal activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 1990

In order to find out the effect of medicinal plant extracts on germination of zoosporan-gium and mycelium growth of Pythium ultimum, this study was carried out. Among 28 species in 16 families of plants tested, plant extracts from 9 species were strongly inhibitory to zoosporan-gium germination of P. ultimum. Plant extracts from 3 species were strongly inhibitory to mycellium growth of P. ultimum. Especially, Paeonia suffruticosa was strongly inhibitory. P. suffruticosa was shown a strong control effect on damping-off of sesame by P. ultimum sesame, but no effect on cucumber. Seed germination of sesame and cucumber was shown phyto-alexin by extract of Phytolacca esculenta.