• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.239-242
• /
• 1989

Several physiological components containing a secondary amino group were capable of reacting sodium nitroprusside to form potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines under physiological conditions (pH 7.3, 37). In each case the products were identical to those produced upon reaction with nitrous acid at much lower pH values. Reaction rates measured with proline were shown to reflect a first order dependence on both amine and nitroprusside concentrations. The strong influences of pH on the reactions of sodium nitro prusside with amines were also observed. These results show sodium nitroprusside could be a very potent nitrosation agent under physiological conditions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.173-191
• /
• 1994

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted to exam if there were relation between noise level and reaction to noise of inpatient. The purpose of this study was to provide a basic data for comfort of patient hospitalized. The hypotheses of the study are : 1. The higher perceived noise level of inpatient, the higher reaction level to noise. 2. The higher perceived noise level of inpatient, physiological reaction level to noise. 3. The higher perceived noise level of inpatient, the higher emotional reaction level to noise. The participant were 153 patients hospitalized in one general hospital. The research instruments used for this study were noise scale and reaction of patient scale developed by the author. Data was collected over a period of 10 days from the 9th of July to the 18th of July, 1994. Statistical analysis of the data included percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test. Examination of the hypotheses was done by use of pearson correlation coefficient. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The mean score of noise level was 2.24. Among noise factors reported by the subjects, that which ranked highest was 'Conversation of Visitors'(2.82). Next were 'noise of handling receptacle'(2.73), 'the others noise from outside'(2.73) and 'Conversation of supporter'(2.71). 2. The mean score of reaction level to noise was 2.19, physiological reaction level 2.04 and emotional reaction level 2.37. Among Physiological reaction to noise reported by the subjects, that which ranked highest was 'tired'(2.39). Next were 'sweating'(2.22) and 'headache'(2.20). Among emotional reaction to noise reported by the subjects, that which ranked highest was 'to irritate nerve'(2.53). Next were 'disturbing rest'(2.51) and 'to disturb sleep'(2.46). 3. The relationship between perceived noise level of inpatient and reaction to noise was statically significant (r=0.599, p=.0001). The relationship between perceived noise level of inpatient and physiological reaction to noise was statically significant (r=0.554, p=.0001). The relationship between perceived noise level of inpatient and emotional reaction to noise was statically significant(r=0.535, p=.0001). Thus hypothese 1, 2, 3 were supported. 4. There were significant differences between noise level of inpatient, admission periods, mobility of physical condition and exposure level to noise. 5. There were significant differences between physiological reaction level to noise, admission periods, mobility of physical condition and operation Yes or No. 6. There were significant difference between emotional reaction level to noise, admission periods, mobility of physical condition and exposure level to noise.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.125-137
• /
• 1999

The present study aims to reveal the sweating reaction of male adults, focused on athletes. With six subjects (3 athletes and 3 non-athletes) in two different conditions of ambient temperature (I : $25\pm1.0^{\circ}C$, II : $29.5\pm1.0^{\circ}C$), their total sweat rate, local sweat rate, skin temperature, physiological reaction (rectal temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate), and psychological reaction (thermal, moisture, comfort, and perceptive sweat sensations) were measured. The comparison gave the following results: Total sweating rate was greater in non-athletes, while the two groups had more perspiration in ambience II. Local sweating rate in both ambiences was the greatest in the central breast area (athletes) and the infrascapular area (non-athletes). The mean skin temperature had more changes of increase and decrease in athletes. As to physiological reaction, non-athletes had lower rectal temperature and blood pressure as well as higher pulse rate. As for psychological reaction in Ambience II, the 4 sensations were mostly 'hot', 'humid', 'uncomfortable', and 'sweaty'.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.108-112
• /
• 2009

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and synapse loss. Especially, extracellular beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposition is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD senile plaques, high level of iron and car-bonylated Abeta were detected. Iron has a Lewis acid property which can increase the electrophilicity of carbonyls, which may react catalytically with nucleophiles, such as amines. Hence, this study investigated whether or not iron could promote the carbonylation of amine with malondialdehyde (MDA) in the physiological condition. As the basic study, we examined that iron might promote the conjugation reaction between propylamine, monoamine molecule and MDA in the physiological condition. As the concentration of iron increased, the fluorescence intensity produced from the conjugation reaction increased in a dose-dependent manner. Instead of propylamine, we applied the same reaction condition to Abeta 1-40 peptide, one of major components founded in AD senile plaques for the conjugation reaction. As the result, the fluorescence intensity produced from the conjugation reaction between Abeta 1-40 peptide and MDA showed the similar trend to that of the reaction used with propylamine. This study suggests that iron can accelerate the conjugation reaction of MDA to Abeta 1-40 peptide and play an another important role in deterioration of AD brain.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1993

The reaction of sulfhydryl groups in human serum ablumin with bacteriostatic and hypotensive notrosating agents such as sodium nitorprusside and sodium nitrite has been examined. The low reactivity of sodium nitroprusside to sulfhydral groups in albumin has been observed and the sterical inaccessilibility of the agent site which sulfhydryl group resides was implicated. The reaction of sodium nitrite with albumin was highly influenced by pH and little reactivity was observed at physiological pH. On the other hand, the reaction between albumin and S-nitrosoglutatione, an intermediate induced from the reaction of glutathione and nitrosating agents, resulted in the rapid decrease of free sulfhydryl groups in albumin. S-Nitrosylation of the sulfhydryl group by S-nitrosoglutathione and the subsequent production of mixed disulfide is the probable route of modification. In the physiological system, S-nitroso-glutathione may act as an active intermediate in expressing reacivity of nitrosating agents to sulfhydryl groups in albumin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.299-303
• /
• 2004

A systematic investigation for the reactivity and solvent effect was studied on the reaction of optical resolving agents with the optically active assistant compounds. The reaction rate constants of the nucleophillic substitution reactions were determined by means of conductometric method The linear solvent energy relationship based on the solvent parameters and the thermodynamic parameters was discussed on the reactions of various physiological active compounds and optical resolving agents The reaction mechanism was discussed from the kinetic results compared with the optical purity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 1991

Potentially dangerous nitrosamines have been shown to result from the reaction of sodium nitrogusside with several drugs under physiological conditions (pH 7.3 and $37^\circ{C})$. In each case the products were identical to those produced upon reaction with nitrous acid at much lower pH values. Reaction rates were shown to reflect a first order dependence on both amine and nitroprusside concentrations and to increase at higher pH values, approximately in proportion to concentrations of unprotonated amine. Fast reactions of sodium nitroprusside with reduced glutathione, cysteine, and ascorbate suppress but do not prevent the conversion of amines into N-nitrosamines. These results show sodium nitroprusside to be very potent nitrosating agent under physiological conditions and suggested nitrosamines may be formed during its normal pharmacological administration.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2008

Caspase-11 has been known as a dual regulator of cytokine maturation and apoptosis. Although the role of caspase-11 under pathological conditions has been well documented, its physiological role has not been studied much. In the present study, we investigated a possible physiological function of caspase-11 during immune response. In the absence of caspase-11, immunized spleen displayed increased cellularity and abnormal germinal center structure with disrupted microarchitecture. The rate of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the immunized spleen was not changed in the caspase-11-deficient mice. Furthermore, the caspase-11-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed normal phagocytotic activity. However, caspase-11-/-splenocytes and macrophages showed defective migrating capacity. The dysregulation of cell migration did not seem to be mediated by caspase-3, interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$ which acts downstream of caspase-11. These results suggest that a direct regulation of immune cell migration by caspase-11 is critical for the formation of germinal center microarchitecture during immune response. However, humoral immunity in the caspase-11-deficient mice was normal, suggesting the formation of germinal center structure is not essential for the affinity maturation of the antibodies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2015

Stresses from desolate urban environments cause illnesses and worsen health conditions of urban residents, while natural environments have a positive influence on human. Natural healing programs such as forest therapy and horticultural therapy can be differentiated by the characteristic of activity space. However, previous studies of healing programs have focused on either forest therapy or horticulture therapy and there is a limit to comprehending the effects of adopting and connecting various healing programs. This study compares and analyzes the physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy and horticultural therapy to identify the effects and differences by types of healing programs. The before and after effects of horticultural therapy and forest therapy are measured by experiment and survey for 5 days with 5 subjects in each program. For physiological reaction, blood pressure, pulse, and cortisol levels are measured and the profile of moods states(POMS) is used to measure psychological reaction. Collected data are analyzed with the analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Paired-Sample T-test in SPSS 18.0. The results of this study are as follows: 1) forest therapy and horticultural therapy show positive effects in physiological and physiological aspects, 2) forest therapy is more effective than horticultural therapy in physiological relaxation and stress mitigation, 3) horticultural therapy has a tendency to alleviate depression more effectively than forest therapy. In conclusion, this study contributes to providing fundamental information for the development of healing programs and design guidelines for healing spaces through identifying the characteristics of each healing program.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.951-959
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the fear of dentist care, subjective recognition of dental health, and quality of life in the male high school students and to analyze the influencing factors on dental health care. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 243 special high-school in Deagu province from March 3 to March 14, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(5 questions), subjective recognition of health and activities to improve health(6 questions), dental fear(20 questions), oral health related quality of life(16 questions). The instrument for dental fear was adapted from measured by Berggren Dental Fear Survey(DFS). A total of 20 DFS questions included treatment avoidance(8 questions), stimulus reaction(6 questions), and physiological reaction(5 questions) and score by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach alpha was 0.974 in the study. Oral health related quality of life was measured by 16 questions of CPQ11-14 for the adolescents by Lau. CPQ11-14 consisted of oral symptoms(4 questions), functional restriction(4 questions), and emotional wellbeing(4 questions). The instrument was score by Likert 5 scale and Cronbach alpha was 0.9354 in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results: Fear of dentist care showed significant differences in treatment avoidance factor(p<0.001), stimulus reaction factor (p<0.05), and physiological reaction factor(p<0.001). The factors depended on subjective recognition of health and health-improving activities and differences in treatment avoidance factor(p<0.05) and physiological reaction factor(p<0.01). The dental symptoms factors showed significant differences in health recognition(p<0.001), interest in health(p<0.001), alcohol drinking status(p<0.001) and regular meal(p<0.001). While function limit factors showed differences in health recognition (p<0.001), interest in health(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.001), alcohol drinking(p<0.001) and regular meal(p<0.001). Mental and social stabilities factors showed significant differences in health recognition(p<0.001), interest in health(p<0.001) and alcohol drinking status(p<0.001). Among the factors influencing on the quality of life in dental health, interest in health(p<0.005), alcohol drinking(p<0.005) and physiological reaction in the midst of fear of dentist care(p<0.001) were the significant impact factor. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop a continuous and systematical program of dental health and dental care by experts so that the students can reduce the fear of dentist care by regular dental checkup and preventive treatment and care.