• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1500-1508
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• 2008

The author investigated whether Chwiyeon-tang(PC), Haengso-tang(PH), Jawanchihyo-san(PJ) and Gamisocheongryong-tang(PS) significantly affect both PMA-induced mucin production and MUC5AC gene expression in airway epithelial cells and sulfur-dioxide-induced airway goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion animal model using rat. Possible cytotoxicity of each herbal medicine was assessed by measuring the survival and proliferation rate of NCI-H292 cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of PC, PH, PJ and PS, respectively, and treated with PMA(10 $ng/m{\ell}$), to assess the effect of each herbal medicine on PMA-induced mucin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Effects of each herbal medicine on PMA-induced MUC5AC gene expression from the same cells were investigated. Also, hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia were induced by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ during 3 weeks. Effects of orally-administered PC, PH, PJ and PS during 1 week on intraepithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of goblet cells were examined using histological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with PAS-alcian blue. (1) PC, PJ, PS and PH did not show significant effects on the survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells ; (2) PC, PJ and PS significantly decreased PMA-induced mucin production from NCI-H292 cells ; (3) PC, PJ and PS significantly inhibit the expression levels of PMA-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells ; (4) Among PC, PJ, PS and PH, only PS decreased $SO_2$-induced hyperplasia of airway goblet cells and intraepithelial mucosubstances. This result suggests that PC, PJ and PS can not only affect the production of mucin but also affect the expression of mucin gene and this can explain, at least in part, the traditional use of PC, PJ and PS for controlling airway diseases showing hypersecretion of mucus in oriental medicine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2002

To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Herba Chelidoniie, the extracts of Herba Chelidoniie treated in arthritic rat model. Complete Freund,s Adjuvant(CFA) were injected in the subcutaneous tissue of left foot paw of rats to induce arthritis. Herba Chelidonii extracts(HC) was administered immediately into the peritoneal cavity after CFA injection for 12 days. The immunohistochemical stainings for calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and substance P in the L4, L5 and L6 spinal dorsal horn and ganglia were done, and the paw swelling was measured with a micrometer and the blood leukocytes were counted. The results were as follows : The paw swelling of HC treated group was significantly decreased in 12th day after CFA injection compare to control group. The change of differential leukocytes counts of HC treated group increased the ratio of lymphocytes, and decreased the ratio of neutrophils compare to control group. The extent of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fiber of dorsal horn of HC treated group was weakly stained compare to control group. The number of CGRP immunoreactive neurons of L6 spinal cord of HC treated group was significantly decreased compare to control group. The extent of substance P immunoreactive nerve fiber of dorsal horn of He treated group was weakly stained compare to control group. The number of substance P immunoreactive neurons of L4, L5 and L6 spinal cord of HC treated group was significantly decreased compare to control group. These experimental results suggest that Herba Chelidonii extracts reduce the number of CGRP and substance P immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibers of spinal dorsal horns and ganglia, and decrease paw swelling in arthritic rat model, which may be closely related to analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of Herba Chelidonii.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1476-1484
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• 2004

Aging is characterized by an age-dependent reduction in bone density. Pronounced bone loss by postmenopausal estrogen deficiency induces a bad effect on dynamic balance of bone metabolism. When the bone density is reduced to the level below the fracture threshold, the risk for fracture is greatly increased. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Guisinhwan(GSH : 歸腎丸) on the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The results of the experiment are as follows: Body weight in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum albumin in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in GSH-treated was slightly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum ALP activity in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum phosphorous, calcium, GOT, GPT, T3 did not significant change among the three groups. The level of serum estrogen in control group showed slightly decreased in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T4 in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. Trabecular bone area as well as trabecular thickness in control group showed significant decrease In comparison with sham. Those in GSH-treated showed significant increase in comparison with control. Trabecular number did not significant change among the three groups. Trabecular separation only in GSH-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Osteoclast number in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham. That in GSH-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Oseoblast surface in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. According to the above these results, GSH has shown to be capable of preventing and curing osteoporosis caused by old-aged and postmenopause.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1210-1218
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• 2007

Recently Atopic Dermatitis(AD) is increasing along with allergic disease. At present, there is no infallible cure for AD. Then AD patients undergo great suffering. This study is carried out to see whether or not the administering Danggwieumja(DG) along with Samhwangseje-gamibang(SG} as a medicine for external aplication, is effective in treating atopic dermatitis. To examine the effectiveness of the above prescription, the author made an observation of diverse immune responses. through the model of NC/Nga atopic mice. Results provided evidence that the DG administration along with SG can be used as a treatment means to atopic dermatitis. The results are as follows: The extent of Clinical skin severities in 13 and 16 week old NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, were reduced by 50.9%, 53.9% respectively, compared to the control NC/Nga mice with no drug treatment. IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM and IgG1 levels in the serum of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. In contrary, to the $IFN-{\gamma}$ level, significantly increased. The spleen weight of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. CCR3 gene expression in the skin tissue of NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were highly decreased, and the IL-6 expression significantly decreased, and the $IFN-{\gamma}$ gene expression increased compared to those of the untreated control mice. Histological observation of the ear and dorsal skin tissue of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermal tissue and dermis, were highly reduced compared to those of the untreated control mice. In the model inducing COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the denser DG became, the more COX-2 activity was inhibited, compared to those of the untreated control group. $IL-1{\beta}$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 gene expression in RAW 264.7 cell with DG, significantly decreased, compared to those of the untreated control group. According to the assessment of cell toxicity in L929 cell, the rate of cell multiplication increased by 3% in consistency to 100ppm of DG compared to the untreated control group and in more than the 200 ppm consistency, cell toxicity was occurred.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.788-800
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• 2002

Aging is characterized by an age-dependent reduction in bone density. Pronounced bone loss by postmenopausal estrogen deficiency induces a bad effect on dynamic balance of bone metabolism. When the bone density is reduced to the level below the fracture threshold, the risk for fracture is greatly increased. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Yuklinzu(YLZ: 毓麟珠) on the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The results of the experiment are as follows: Body weight in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum albumin in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in YLZ-treated was slightly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum ALP activity in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum phosphorous in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum calcium in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum GOT in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum GPT did not significant change among the three groups. The level of serum estrogen in control group showed slightly increased in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T3 in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, and that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T4 in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. Mechanical strength of the femur neck in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in YLZ-treated showed slightly increased in comparison with control. Trabecular bone area as well as trabecular thickness in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. Those in YLZ-treated showed significant increase in comparison with control. Trabecular number and did not significant change among the three groups. Trabecular separation only in YLZ-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Osteoclast number and oseoblast surface in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham. Those in YLZ-treated showed slightly decreased in comparison with control. According to the above these results, YLZ has shown to be capable of preventing and curing osteoporosis caused by old-aged and postmenopause.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.802-808
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• 2013

Here we tried to uncover the potential anti-lipogenic effect and the underlying mechanism of Phaseolus angularis seed in a cellular model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced in HepG2 cells. Ethanol extract of Phaseolus angularis seed (JSD) was prepared. HepG2 cells were incubated in palmitate containing media to induce intracellular lipid accumulation, and co-treated with JSD for 16 hrs before examine intracellular lipid content. In control group, the cells were not co-treated with JSD. We measured the effects of JSD on liver X receptor ${\alpha}$ ($LXR{\alpha}$) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c) expression, transcription level of lipogenic genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells. JSD markedly reduced palmitate-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. JSD suppressed $LXR{\alpha}$/SREBP-1c expression, and SREBP-1c mediated induction of ACC, FAS, and SCD-1. Furthermore, JSD activated AMPK, which plays a major role in the control of hepatic lipid metabolism. Taken together, it is suggested that JSD has a potential to alleviate hepatic steatosis, at least in part, by suppressing $LXR{\alpha}$/SREBP-1c mediated induction of lipogenic genes. In addtion, the anti-lipogenic potential may be associated with activation of AMPK. Therefore, the Phaseolus angularis seed could be applied as a potential therapeutics for NAFLD with additional clinical studies.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2006

육상생태계에 나타날 수 있는 기후변화의 영향을 평가하기 위해 생태계모형의 사용이 보편화되고 있다. 작물생육모형의 경우 포장단위로 적용할 수 있으므로 기후변화정보만 적절한 공간단위로 제공된다면 경관규모에서 상세한 공간변화를 예측할 수 있다. 경기북부지역은 청정환경과 함께 고품질 콩 재배에 알맞는 기후지대이지만 기후변화에 의해 이 지역 내 콩 재배단지가 어떤 영향을 받을지 궁금하다. 향후 100년간(2011-2100) 예상되는 기후조건에서 선발된 10ha 이상 규모의 342개 단지를 대상으로 CROPGRO-Soybean에 의해 조중만생 콩 품종의 생육을 모의하였다. 이를 위해 3개 기후학적 평년(2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100)에 대해 월별 30m 격자형 기후변화 자료로부터 각 재배단지의 일 최고 및 최저 기온, 강수량, 강수일수, 일사량을 추출하고, 각 평년별로 일기상자료를 통계학적 방법에 의해 무작위로 30년치씩 생성하였다. 미래 3개 평년의 기상자료에 의해 생육모형을 구동하여 342개 재배단지의 생장, 발육, 수량특성을 모의한 결과 온난화가 진행될수록 콩의 개화기와 성숙기가 단축되며, 전체적인 생육기간은 $7{\sim}9$일 정도 줄어들었다. 수량은 조중생종의 경우 온난화에 따라 $1{\sim}15%$ 정도 감소하였는데 반해 만생종은 증가 후 감소하였다. 그 결과 현존하는 재배구역의 남북간 생산성 차이가 미래에는 크게 감소하거나 품종에 따라 역전되는 현상이 기대된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.938-941
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• 2009

In spite of abundant clinical resources of stroke patients, the objective and logical data analyses or diagnostic systems were not established in oriental medicine. In the present study we tried to develop the statistical diagnostic tool discriminating the subtypes of oriental medicine diagnostic system, syndrome differentiation (SD). Discriminant analysis was carried out using clinical data collected from 1,478 stroke patients with the same subtypes diagnosed identically by two clinical experts with more than 3 year experiences. Numerical discriminant models were constructed using important 61 symptom and syndrome indices. Diagnostic accuracy and prediction rate of 5 SD subtypes: The overall diagnostic accuracy of 5 SD subtypes using 61 indices was 74.22%. According to subtypes, the diagnostic accuracy of "phlegm-dampness" was highest (82.84%), and followed by "qi-deficiency", "fire/heat", "static blood", and "yin-deficiency". On the other hand, the overall prediction rate was 67.12% and that of qi-deficiency was highest (73.75%). Diagnostic accuracy and prediction rate of 4 SD subtypes: The overall diagnostic accuracy and prediction rate of 4 SD subtypes except "static blood" were 75.06% and 71.63%, respectively. According to subtypes, the diagnostic accuracy and prediction rate was highest in the "phlegm-dampness" (82.84%) and qi-deficiency (81.69%), respectively. The statistical discriminant model of constructed using 4 SD subtypes, and 61 indices can be used in the field of oriental medicine contributing to the objectification of SD.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

전 세계적으로 상해로 인한 사망자 중 1/3의 직접적인 사망 원인은 출혈성 쇼크이다. 그러나 초기 쇼크에서 이를 정확히 예측할 수 있다면 신속한 치료가 가능하여 그 피해를 줄일 수 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 흰쥐의 대퇴부정맥을 통해 일정량의 출혈을 시키면서 변화하는 생리적 변수인 심박수, 수축기 혈압, 평균 동맥압, 호흡수, 체온 데이터로 최적의 생존 예측 모델을 제시하여 출혈성 쇼크를 조기 진단하는 것이다. 예측 모델로는 최근 많이 연구되는 인공신경망과 지원벡터기계 방법을 사용하였다. 과대적합을 피하고 최적의 모델을 선정하기 위해 10-fold cross validation을 수행하였을 때, 인공신경망의 경우 은닉노드 수가 3개인 모델이 가장 우수한 성능을 보였고, 지원벡터기계에서는 가우시안 커널함수를 이용한 모델이 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. 평가 데이터 세트를 이용하여 각각의 생존 예측 모델을 평가한 결과 인공신경망의 경우 민감도 88.9 %, 특이도 96.7 %와 정확도 92.0 %를 보였고, 지원벡터기계의 경우 민감도 97.8 %, 특이도 95.0 %와 정확도 96.7 %를 보였다. 따라서 출혈에 따른 흰쥐의 생존 예측에서 지원벡터기계가 인공신경망보다 더 우수한 성능을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.687-692
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• 2012

Schizandra chinensis extract has been known to possess a variety of efficacy including antitumor. However, it remains unclear how schizandrin, which is a major biological active ingredient of Schizandra chinensis, exerts antitumor effect. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which schizandrin inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. In in vivo test using tumor model mice injected with B16BL6 cell line, mice treated with 10 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ schizandrin showed a significant inhibition by $73.79{\pm}6.43%$ and $90.46{\pm}1.72%$, respectively, compared with positive tumor controls. Schizandrin did not exert a significant toxicity for the normal cells (HUVECs) and tumor cell lines (A549, B16BL6, Du145, Huh7). Treatment with schizandrin at 10 and 100 ${\mu}g$/head significantly inhibited the tumor-induced angiogenesis by $68.04{\pm}32.21%$ and $103.8{\pm}34.99%$ compared with the positive control group, respectively. Using in vivo lung metastasis model, tumor metastasis assay revealed that 10 and 100 ${\mu}g$/head schizandrin significantly decreased the metastatic lung tumor by $37.51{\pm}8.15%$ and $75.53{\pm}4.38%$ compared with positive controls, respectively. On the other hand, schizandrin did not affect the adherence of B16BL6 cell line to extracellular matrix protein. These results demonstrate that schizandrin exerts inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting angiogenesis. This study thus suggest that schizandrin may be a candidate molecule target for cancer drug development.