• 수면정신생리
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.146-155
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• 1995

Jet lag can be defined as the cumulative physiological and psychological effects of rapid air travel across multiple time zone. The consequences of jet lag include fatigue, general malaise, sleep disturbances, and reductions of cognitive and psychomotor performance, all of which have been documented in experimental biological and air crew personnel studies. Thus authors tried to study the jet lag of natural travellers by modified self reporting sleep log. Total 61 healthy travellers was studied for 3 days before and 7 days after jet-flights across seven to ten time zone. The eastbound travelling group was 38 persons, aged 19 -70 and westbound travelling group was 23 persons, aged 13 - 69. Sleep onset time, wake-up time, sleep latency, awakening frequency on night sleep, awakening duration on night sleep, sleepiness at wake-up and nap length were evaluated. Our results suggested that the 7 to 10 time zone shift gave significant influence to traveller's sleep-wake cycles. The date which subjective physical condition was recovered on was $5.16{\pm}1.50$ day after arrivals for eastbound, while for westbound, $4.91{\pm}1.62$ day. In eastbound travelling, sleep onset time became later than baselines and could not recover until 7th day. But in westbound, it became earlier than baseline and could recover until 6th day. The mean score of 24-hour sleepiness was greater in eastboumd than westbound. Therefore the eastbound travelling caused more sleep-wake cycle disturbance and daytime dysfunction than westbound travelling. In other parameters, there was no definite difference between east and westbound. From our results, it was suggested that the symptom severity of jet lag was dependent on the travelling direction. To demonstrate more definite evidence, large sized data collections and comparision by age difference were needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2020

Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant, has been used as a blood-nourishing tonic for thousands of years in Asia, including Korea and China. P. ginseng exhibits adaptogen activity that maintains homeostasis by restoring general biological functions and non-specifically enhancing the body's resistance to external stress. Several P. ginseng effects have been reported. Korean Red Ginseng, in particular, has been reported in both basic and clinical studies to possess diverse effects such as enhanced immunity, fatigue relief, memory, blood circulation, and anti-oxidation. Moreover, it also protects against menopausal symptoms, cancer, cardiac diseases, and neurological disorders. The active components found in most Korean Red Ginseng varieties are known to include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloids, polyacetylene, and phenolic compounds. In this review, the identity and bioactivity of the non-saponin components of Korean Red Ginseng discovered to date are evaluated and the components are classified into polysaccharide and nitrogen compounds (protein, peptide, amino acid, nucleic acid, and alkaloid), as well as fat-soluble components such as polyacetylene, phenols, essential oils, and phytosterols. The distinct bioactivity of Korean Red Ginseng was found to originate from both saponin and non-saponin components rather than from only one or two specific components. Therefore, it is important to consider saponin and non-saponin elements together.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.671-681
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the workload level at each lower limbs posture and suggest the ergonomic workstation guideline for working period by evaluating the imbalanced lower limbs postures from the physiological and psychophysical points of view. Background: Many workers like welders are working in various imbalanced lower limbs postures either due to the narrow working conditions or other environmental conditions. Method: Ten male subjects participated in this experiment. Subjects were asked to maintain 3 different lower limbs postures(standing, squatting and bending) with 3 different working conditions(balanced floor with no scaffold, imbalanced floor with 10cm height of scaffold, and imbalanced floor with 20cm height of scaffold). EMG data for the 4 muscle groups(Retus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius) from each lower limbs posture were collected for 20 seconds every 2 minutes during the 8 minutes sustaining task. Subjects were also asked to report their discomfort ratings of body parts such as waist, upper legs, lower legs, and ankle. Results: The ANOVA results showed that the EMG root mean square(RMS) values and the discomfort ratings(CR-10 Rating Scale) were significantly affected by lower limbs postures and working time(p<0.05). The correlation was analyzed between the EMG data and the discomfort ratings. Also, prediction models for the discomfort rating for each posture were developed using physical condition, working time, and scaffold height. Conclusion: We strongly recommend that one should not work more than 6 minutes in a standing or squatting postures and should not work more than 4 minutes in a bending posture. Application: The results of this study could be used to design and assess working environments and methods. Furthermore, these results could be used to suggest ergonomic guidelines for the lower limbs postures such as squatting and bending in the working fields in order to prevent fatigue and pain in the lower limbs body.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the expression method according to the planning of townhouse and the healing method that affects residents for communicating with natural environment, in order to propose resident-focused communication with nature for healing. The results are as follows. First, the expression of nature elements can be divided into 'direct' and 'indirect' and healing effects through nature can be divided into 'body' and 'psychology'. The healing method of residents through nature was classified into physical and psychological healing through openness, familiarity, comfort, and stability. Second, as an expression method according to townhouse planning, the arrangement plan induced active communication with nature through the arrangement according to topography and a common garden. In terms of construction plan, a bigger window or door than that of other residential spaces was installed on a wall, ceiling or opening to directly bring the nature of outside visually for more communication. Third, with regard to healing methods of townhouse, 'openness' which reduces depression and increases self-esteem, expands the view of residents. 'Familiarity', the healing method that can relieve the fatigue of eyes and bring psychological warmth and comfort, makes us feel familiar through the pattern and texture of woods and stones that are natural materials. 'Comfort' which heals residents by creating an outside space and bringing the nature elements through a huge window can provide psychological healing such as eased tension in daily life as well as physical healing such as vitamin D synthesis and the recovery of physiological function. Also, 'Stability' gives a comfortable feeling by applying the colors of finishing materials inside or seeing the colors of surrounding nature as it is through big windows. Finally, in order to support the results of this study more objectively, a follow-up study conducting a survey on the residents of townhouse is needed.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2018

본 연구는 여성들에게 분만시 발생하는 회음부 손상과 산후 우울증의 관련성을 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 분만 후 여성들의 산후 우울 수준은 분만1일째 $6.67{\pm}4.34$점, 분만 2주일째 $7.41{\pm}4.77$점, 분만 6주일째 $7.77{\pm}5.27$점으로 높지 않았지만, 경한 산후 우울(EPDS>9)로 의심되는 여성이 분만 1일째는 전체의 26.1%, 분만 2주일째는 33.8%, 분만 6주째는 41.4%로 증가되었다. 산후 2주와 6주에는 회음부 절개술로 발생되는 걷거나 앉을때의 불편감이 산후우울에 직접적인 상관관계를 보여주었다. 따라서 분만시 시행하는 회음부 절개술에 의한 회음부 손상 관리를 산후 우울 예방차원에서 우선적으로 중요하게 다루어져야 할 필요가 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1480-1485
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• 2009

We conducted this study to report the clinical manifestations of 5 acute viral hepatitis type A treated by oriental medical treatment. Five hepatitis A patients who visited OO oriental hospital from May 2008 to July 2009 were treated by oriental medical treatment, including herbal acupuncture, acupuncture and herbal medicine and western medical treatment, including fluid therapy and peroral medicine. Prodromes were similar to influenza and duration from symptom onset to first visit were $5.0\;{\pm}\;1.6$ days. Chief symptoms included jaundice, itching, dark urine, anorexia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort. The mean values of the initial laboratory test were serum total bilirubin(TB) of $3.62\;{\pm}\;2.77\;mg/dL$, aspartate aminotransferase(AST) of $729\;{\pm}\;422\;IU/L$, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) $774\;{\pm}\;754\;IU/L$. The peak mean values of those were $6.30\;{\pm}\;2.13\;mg/dL$, $2177\;{\pm}\;2573\;IU/L$, $2238\;{\pm}\;1682\;IU/L$ respectively. The mean duration of hospitalization were $15\;{\pm}\;3$ days. Follow-up at 3 weeks after discharge showed that all patients recovered without complications. Treatment of oriental medicine has effectiveness on acute viral hepatitis type A. Further study is needed.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.874-883
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• 2007

The aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum has been used to treat palpitation, anemia, chronic fatigue, hypertension, and stroke. It also possesses various pharmacological effects including hypotensive, blood circulating, sedative, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and anti-stress activities. In the present results, the latency time of plantar test was decreased in the immobilization stress and incusion pain-induction group. However the paw withdrawal latency values were increased in the immobilization stress and incision pain-induction groups after treatment with the aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum. The c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe were enhanced in the immobilization stress and incision pain-induction groups. However, the treatment with the aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum suppressed the immobilization stress and incision pain-induced increase of c-Fos, 5-HT, and TPH expressions. Here in this study, we have demonstrated the protective effects of Chungsimyeonja-eum on immobilization and incision pain-induced stress. The present study revealed that Chungsimyeonja-eum treatment diminishes immobilization and pain stress.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1742-1748
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• 2006

In order to establish the manifestational symptoms in men and women and highly frequent symptoms(HFS) of deficiency of Qi and blood(氣虛, 血虛), stagnation of Qi(氣滯), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of Yang(陽虛), and, 546 questionaires were analyzed through Cronbach alpha value and Pearson's correlative efficient. Symptomatic differences of male and female specimens were as follows. HFS of Qi deficiency were similar in terms of inactivity like mental and physical fatigue, enervation in men and women. In blood deficiency, dizziness and light sleep were common in men and women, but mucosal symptoms of conjunctiva, lip, nail bed were more frequent in women than men. Emotional explosion was common in Qi stagnation, then women had more motivation-related symptoms than men. Inner heat was frequently arisen in Yin deficiency in both, and the heat was expressed more common in exterior and upper part in women but in interior abdominal part in men. In Yang deficiency, main symptoms of men were feeling coldness in peripheral, but Qi deficiency symptoms were more common in women former than coldness.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.768-773
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• 2012

운전 중 운전자의 졸음은 교통 사망사고를 일으키는 중요한 요인이며 음주운전보다도 더 위험할 수 도 있다. 이러한 이유로 운전자의 졸음을 판별하고 경고하는 시스템 개발이 최근에 매우 중요한 이슈로 떠올랐다. 그중에서도 졸음과 가장 밀접한 관련이 있는 생체 신호 분석이 많이 적용되는데 그중에서도 뇌파(Electroencephalogram, EEG)와 안구전도(Electrooculogram, EOG)를 분석하는 연구가 주류를 이루고 있다. 본 논문에서는 실험 프로토콜를 바탕으로 측정된 뇌파를 주파수별로 분석하여 운전자의 상태별 뇌파 데이터베이스를 구축하였고 선형예측(Linear Predictive Coding, LPC) 계수와 Support Vector Machine(SVM)을 이용한 운전자 졸음 감지 시스템을 제안한다. 실험결과로 졸음의 뇌파분석에서 알파파가 감소하며 세타파가 증가하는 추세를 보였으며, LPC 계수가 각성, 졸음 및 수면상태의 특징을 잘 반영하였다. 특히 제안한 시스템은 적은 샘플(250ms)에서도 96.5%의 높은 분류 결과를 얻어 짧은 순간에 일어날 운전시 돌발 상황을 실시간으로 예측할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2020

Besides respiratory infection, COVID-19 has many neurological symptoms not only loss of smell and taste but also fatigue and brain fog. But it is a challenge to treat the neurological symptoms especially of anosmia and ageusia. In order to search for the therapeutic methods, the geographical diversity and pathological mechanisms of the COVID-19 and two symptoms were investigated from the latest clinical studies. Because the environmental conditions of the monsoon climate zone of East Asia and the Mediterranean and Oceanic climate zone of Italy, Britain, United States and tropical Brazil are different, each of diverse etiology and internal milieu should be considered differently in the treatment. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits the dampness-like characteristics and the olfactory and gustatory disorders are particularly more common than other flu or cold. and it tends to show features of damaging the lung qi of olfaction and heart-spleen qi of gustation. The mechanisms of olfactory and gustatory loss are various according to precursory, inflammatory, non-inflammatory and sequelar forms, so the therapeutic method should be designed for each period and pathology. If the process of inflammation arises from nasal and respiratory, olfactory epithelium to the central nervous structure by way of blood brain barrier, the treatment should be corresponded with the stage and depth of pathogen place. And if the olfactory loss is asymptomatic or in the initial stage, it can be applied intranasal topical scent therapy to relieve temporary locking of qi movement, but maybe also used in parallel together with herbs of relieving dampness toxin latent in the lung parenchyma.