• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.27-39
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to approve the capability of human sensibility evaluation based on physiological responses and real-time subjective assessments. Three well-trained healthy human subjects were participated in the experiments. We measured physiological responses such as Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Galvanic Skin Response(GSR) and skin temperature under rest and visual stimulation conditions, respectively. Off-time subjective assessments were recorded before and after visual stimulations. Real-time subjective assessments were recorded during visual stimulations. The results of physiological responses and off-time and real-time subjective assessments were quantified and compared. The results showed that the correlation between physiological responses and real-time subjective assessments was high (83%) for both the positive and negative visual stimulation. The correlation between the physiological responses and off-time subjective assessments was high (83%) for the negative visual stimulation but was low (15%) for the positive visual stimulation. Although the current observation is preliminary and requires more careful experimental study, it appears that the correlation between real-time subjective assessment and physiological responses is higher than that of the off-time subjective assessment and physiological responses.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2001

This study examines psycho-physiological effects of visual perception in super-high rise apartment exterior space. Theoretical research was used to explain the psycho-physiological effect of visual perception and case study was carried out to evaluate the physiological response of the subjects. For the physiological evaluation, six slides were chosen and the EEG was used. According to the results of the case study, the central nerve was activated by the slides with pleasant scenic views. In shows that the scenery composed of natural scenic elements effects psychological condition positively. Scenic views with natural scenery have a direct correlation with positive attitude. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the exterior space should contain natural scenic view to help users decrease their visual stress.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.274-280
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• 1977

As a major cause for postoperative hypoxia, the importance of increased physiological shunting is increasingly emphasized. This study is a review and analysis of postoperative physiological shunting following open heart surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. Sixteen patients were selected from among 21 patients who underwent elective open heart surgery at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, from December, 1975 to September, 1977. The results were as follows: 1. The degree of postoperative physiological shunt was progressively increased from 18.8% mean value one hour after surgery to 22.7% mean value, reaching a peak on the second postoperative days. 2. For up to one week, large physiological shunt[15%] was persisted in one patient. 3. Comparing long[more than 90 minutes] with short[less than 90 minutes] perfusion time group using pump oxygenator, it was found that the physiological shunt increased about 3% in the long as compared with the short perfusion time group. 4. The mean blood pressure was 70-80 mmHg without a remarkable causal relationship between physiological shunt and mean blood pressure. 5. On elevated $PaO_2$[>200 torr], the physiological shunt was decreased less than 20% of cardiac output, but on diminished $PaO_2$[102 torr] after two days, it was 22.7% of cardiac output. From above results, a contrary causal relationship between $PaO_2$ and physiological shunt was obtained. Co Reviewing chest X-rays postperfusion, it was demonstrated that no remarkable causal relationship between roentgen-ray evidence and physiological shunt could be obtained.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.259-263
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• 1996

Psychological action is physiological response of outernal stimulus. Physiological response is accompanied b physiological signals which are EEG, EMG, GSR, ECG, BP, and tec. Physiological signals are recently studied for determination of human phychological state. Psychological activity causes electric potential of brain. Physiological signal is considered as measurement of human psychological state. Aditory sensibility which is one of the sense of human may determine differences between positive and negative feeling. EEG and GSR variation with auditory quality of stimulus can be define human negative and positive mental state. This study is to characterize parameters which can determine negative and positive psycholigical state of human.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

Objective: This study classified three different emotional states(boredom, pain, and surprise) using physiological signals. Background: Emotion recognition studies have tried to recognize human emotion by using physiological signals. It is important for emotion recognition to apply on human-computer interaction system for emotion detection. Method: 122 college students participated in this experiment. Three different emotional stimuli were presented to participants and physiological signals, i.e., EDA(Electrodermal Activity), SKT(Skin Temperature), PPG(Photoplethysmogram), and ECG (Electrocardiogram) were measured for 1 minute as baseline and for 1~1.5 minutes during emotional state. The obtained signals were analyzed for 30 seconds from the baseline and the emotional state and 27 features were extracted from these signals. Statistical analysis for emotion classification were done by DFA(discriminant function analysis) (SPSS 15.0) by using the difference values subtracting baseline values from the emotional state. Results: The result showed that physiological responses during emotional states were significantly differed as compared to during baseline. Also, an accuracy rate of emotion classification was 84.7%. Conclusion: Our study have identified that emotions were classified by various physiological signals. However, future study is needed to obtain additional signals from other modalities such as facial expression, face temperature, or voice to improve classification rate and to examine the stability and reliability of this result compare with accuracy of emotion classification using other algorithms. Application: This could help emotion recognition studies lead to better chance to recognize various human emotions by using physiological signals as well as is able to be applied on human-computer interaction system for emotion recognition. Also, it can be useful in developing an emotion theory, or profiling emotion-specific physiological responses as well as establishing the basis for emotion recognition system in human-computer interaction.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop an automatic expert system for the evaluation of human sensibility, where human sensibility can be inferred from objective physiological signals. The study aim was also to develop an algorithm in which human arousal and pleasant level can be judged by using measured physiological signals. Fuzzy theory was applied for mathematical handling of the ambiguity related to evaluation of human sensibility. and the degree of belonging to a certain sensibility dimension was quantified by membership function through which the sensibility evaluation was able to be done. Determining membership function was achieved using results from a physiological signal database of arousal/relaxation and pleasant/unpleasant that was generated from imagination. To induce one final result (arousal and pleasant level) based on measuring the results of more than 2 physiological signals and the membership function of each physiological signal. Dempster-Shafer's rule of combination in evidence was applied, through which the final arousal and pleasant level was inferred.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.411-417
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• 2014

Purpose: This study attempts to find the effects of water-based exercise performed on stroke patients in their physiological cost index and static and dynamic balance. Methods: The subjects were 30 stroke patients, who were randomly divided a water-based exercise group and a land-based exercise group, each with 15 patients. Both exercises ware performed 3 day per week, for 40 minutes a day, for a period of eight weeks. Results: The Water-based exercise group showed a decreased physiological cost index compared to the land-based exercise group, with the physiological cost index of the water-based exercise group decreasing, while the land-based exercise group, showing a significant decrease. Water-based exercise increased static and dynamic balance capacity better than land-based group, showing a significant difference and better efficiency of water-based exercise when compared to land-based exercise. Conclusion: From the result of the study, we found that water-based exercise is more effective in improving PCI and static and dynamic balance capacity. Through this study, training in water-based stroke patients could use cardiovascular endurance and buoyancy and the vortex, as an effective treatment that can enhance the growth and voluntary participation in the range of the patient's own movement the thought is, in consideration of the changes in the physiological cost index due to the difference in the ground and water, and should establish a training program that matches the purpose.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.289-297
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine factors affecting workers' physiological somatic complain using the Job Stress Model proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Method: Data were collected from the 1st to the 30th of December 1999. The subjects were 2.123 workers employed at 155 work sites. Collected date were analyzed through SAS/PC program. Result: According to individual characteristics, younger and women groups showed significantly higher physiological somatic complaint than elder men groups. By work condition, groups with higher physiological somatic complaint included workers of irregular shift work. Dark lighting, improper temperature in winter, improper ventilation, inappropriate humidity, unpleasant work environment and crowded work place were significantly related with physiological somatic complaint. By work-related factor, physiological somatic complaint was high in those with higher variance in work load, quantitative work load, role conflict, job burden, role ambiguity and future ambiguity. On the other hand, physiological somatic complaint was low in those with little underutilization of ability. As for the relationships between physiological somatic complaint and non-work related factors, physiological somatic complaint was high in workers who had a side job, were bringing up infants alone, cleaned the house alone, cared for the elderly and disabled persons, were studying, were volunteering at another organization, and were spending 5-10 hours in religious activities per week. Physiological somatic complain was in significantly negative correlations with overall social support, supervisory support and family support, but in significantly positive correlations with co-worker support. Conclusion: The main predictors of physiological somatic complain were gender, shift work pattern, overtime work, ventilation, role ambiguity, role conflict, future ambiguity, job control, variance in work load, overall social support, worker with side job, worker who cleans the house alone, worker who is studying. These predictors explained 19.10% of the total variance of physiological somatic complain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.91-95
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• 2001

In this study, we estimated the behavior of the diversity of physiological responses under varied physical environmental factors by measuring variations of heart rate variability (HRV), an index of activity of cardiac autonomic control. Seven healthy young male adults consented and participated in the study. The environmental conditions consisted of thermal, lighting, and acoustic conditions. Two components of HRV were measured. one was the low frequency (LF) component of HRV, which provided a quantitative index of the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal) activities controlling the heart rate (HR). The other component measured was the high frequency (HF) component, which provided an index of the vagal tone. The percent contribution of physical environmental factors to the variations in HRV indices were calculated by ANOVA. The contribution of physical environmental factors to the variations in HR was higher than the contribution of HF and LF. However, the contribution of these factors was lower than the contribution related with individual difference in all indices. This result showed that the individual diversity of physiological responses is not a negligible quantity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2003

The study was to evaluate psychological and physiological changes of simulator sickness in the controlled condition of driving a car (1 hr. at speed of 60 km/h) in a graphic simulator. Simulator sickness was measured and analyzed every 5 min using both subjective responses(i.e., Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) and Physiological signals(EEG, HRV, Skin Temperature, GSR). The results showed that there was significant differences in subjective response 10 min after the main experiment. From 10 min after the driving, the level of subjective simulator sickness increased significantly, relative one of the rest condition. There also was significant differences in physiological responses between the rest and the 5 min after from the start of driving : for EEG, $\delta$ and $\theta$ at Fz area increased, while $\alpha$ decreased; the averaged R-R interval and skin temperature decreased; LF/HF and GSR increased. The results indicated that simulator sickness was induced by activation of the autonomic nerves and inactivation of the central nerves.