• Title/Summary/Keyword: Physiological Signal

Search Result 430, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

PC12 and cortical neuron cell death by Bisphenol A through ERK signal pathway : role of estrogen-receptor $\beta$

  • Lee, Yoot-Mo;Seong, Min-Je;Lee, Sun-Young;Lee, Sang-Min;Kim, Tae-Seong;Han, Soon-Young;Yoo, Han-Soo;Lee, Myung-Koo;Oh, Ki-Wan;Hong, Jin-Jae
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
    • /
    • 2003.10b
    • /
    • pp.116.1-116.1
    • /
    • 2003
  • Bisphenol A (BPA) mimics estrogen and its activity is one third to one quarter that of estradiol. BPA, an ubiquitous environmental contaminent has been shown to cause development reproductive toxicity and carcinogenic effect. BPA may do physiological action through ER$\alpha$ and ER$\beta$ which are expressed in central nerve system. We previously found that expose of BPA to immature mice resulted in behavial alternation, suggesting that overexposure of BPA could be neurotoxic. (omitted)

  • PDF

Erk activation mediates lipoPolysaccharide-induced induction of matrix metalloprotease-9 from rat primary astrocytes

  • Lee, Woo-Jong;Yoo, Byung-Kwon;Park, Gyu-Hwan;Ko, Kwang-Ho
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
    • /
    • 2002.10a
    • /
    • pp.304.2-304.2
    • /
    • 2002
  • In central nervous system. matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are produced by neuron as well as glia and implicated in physiological events such as neurite outgrowth and myelination etc. In addition. MMPs also contribute to the pathogenesis of several CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and malignant glioma. In spite of their functional importance, little is known about the signal transduction pathways leading to the induction of MMPs in CNS. Here. we investigated whether the activation of Erk(1/2) is involved in the induction of MMP-9 in LPS-stimulated primary astrocytes. (omitted)

  • PDF

Nitric Oxide Signal Transduction and Its Role in Skin Sensitization

  • Jong Hun Kim;Min Sik Choi
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
    • /
    • v.31 no.4
    • /
    • pp.388-394
    • /
    • 2023
  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in numerous cellular physiological processes. In the skin, NO is produced by keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells and is involved in skin functions such as vasodilation, pigmentation, hair growth, wound healing, and immune responses. NO modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. As a signaling molecule and cytotoxic effector, NO influences the function of immune cells and production of cytokines. NO is a key mediator that protects against or contributes to skin inflammation. Moreover, NO has been implicated in skin sensitization, a process underlying contact dermatitis. It modulates the function of dendritic cells and T cells, thereby affecting the immune response to allergens. NO also plays a role in contact dermatitis by inducing inflammation and tissue damage. NO-related chemicals, such as nitrofatty acids and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, have potential therapeutic applications in skin conditions, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Further research is required to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of NO-related chemicals and develop personalized treatment strategies for skin conditions.

Physiological Signal-Based Emotion Recognition in Conversations Using T-SNE (생체신호 기반의 T-SNE 를 활용한 대화 내 감정 인식 )

  • Subeen Leem;Byeongcheon Lee;Jihoon Moon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
    • /
    • 2023.05a
    • /
    • pp.703-705
    • /
    • 2023
  • 본 연구는 대화 중 생체신호 데이터를 활용하여 감정 인식 분야에서 더욱 정확하고 범용성이 높은 인식 기술을 제안한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 대화별 길이에 따른 측정값의 개수를 동일하게 조정하고 효과적인 생체신호 데이터의 조합을 비교 및 분석하기 위해 차원 축소 기법인 T-SNE (T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding)을 활용하여 감정 라벨의 분포를 확인한다. 또한, AutoML (Automated Machine Learning)을 이용하여 축소된 데이터로 감정을 분류 및 각성도와 긍정도를 예측하여 감정을 가장 잘 인식하는 생체신호 데이터의 조합을 발견한다.

Update on Phosphorylation-Mediated Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathways (단백질 인산화에 의해 매개되는 브라시노스테로이드 신호전달 연구의 최근 상황)

  • Lee, Yew;Kim, Soo-Hwan
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.22 no.3
    • /
    • pp.428-436
    • /
    • 2012
  • Protein phosphorylation is a universal mechanism that regulates cellular activities. The brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction pathway is a relay of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cascades. It starts with the BR-induced activation of the membrane receptor kinase brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), resulting in the dephosphorylation of transcription factors such as BZR1/BES2 and BZR2/BES1 followed by BR-induced gene expression. Brassinosteroid signal transduction research has progressed rapidly by identifying the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation site(s) of the BR-regulated kinase and phosphatase substrates with a simultaneous pursuit of mutant phenotypes. Autophosphorylation, transphosphorylation, and serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor protein kinases BRI1 and BRI1-associated kinase (BAK1) have increased the understanding of the regulatory role of those kinases during physiological and developmental processes in plants. The phosphorylation event initiated by BR is also found in the regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis and the subsequent degradation of the receptor. However, the basic molecular links of the BR signal transduction pathway are not well understood regarding this phosphorylation/dephosphorylation event. This review summarizes the current state of BR signal transduction research to uncover the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation networks and suggests directions for future research on steroid signal transduction to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the process.

Fundamentals and Research Trend of Laser Acupuncture (레이저침의 원리와 연구동향 분석)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ho;Nam, Dong-Woo;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
    • /
    • v.26 no.6
    • /
    • pp.21-30
    • /
    • 2009
  • Objectives : Being introduced in the 1980s, laser acupuncture studies have been steadily carried on such as its thermal effects on human body. However, the mechanisms of effect are not yet clearly explained. Generally, laser acupuncture could be favorable for pediatric patients or people under special conditions (hemophilia, needle-phobia, pathogen-carriers, etc.) because of lower risk of infection, bleeding, pain or fainting. But there are still problems for using laser acupuncture equivalently as the traditional metal needle. The goal of this study is to review the fundamentals, history and present trend of laser acupuncture study, and to suggest how to develop laser acupuncture as an oriental medical device. Method : We performed literature search using PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Scopus(http://www.scopus.com). Search conditions are laser acupuncture, laser needle, LLLT(as title or abstract) or Litscher G(as author). Main target studies are physical fundamentals, clinical trials, physiological results and device proposals. Results : Many research have shown the similarities of laser acupuncture and traditional metal acupuncture and have reported clinical and physiological effects of laser acupuncture. But, still laser acupuncture is not widely used in Korea due to high-cost of equipments and the lack of clear understanding of laser devices. Additionally, there are still challenges in standardization and device development. Conclusions : Frequencies, laser modes, waveguides, adaptor types, polarization and signal modulations are suggested as future study subjects on laser acupuncture. More various studies and efforts for device development have to be performed to provide oriental medical doctors with evidence based confidence about usage of laser acupuncture.

  • PDF

Effects of 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol and Ca Ionophore A23187 on Ca Transports in Bone and Bone Cells (뼈조직과 세포에서의 칼슘이동기전에 대한 1,25 dihydroxycholecaliciferol과 Ca Ionophore A23187의 영향)

  • 이선영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • v.21 no.3
    • /
    • pp.173-181
    • /
    • 1988
  • Various types of evidence suggest that some changes in cellular in cellular calcium may well signal the initiation of a chain of events leading to the physiological effects of the bone resorbing agents. The effects of 1,25-dihydorxycholecalciferol, $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$, Ca ionophore A23187 and calcium antagonist, diltiazem on bone resprption and the cellular transport of Ca were investigated. Bone $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$ desaturation experiment was realized in isolated heterogenous rat bone cells after equilibrating the cells with $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$. Results of $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$ desaturation experiments were analysed by fitting the $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$ desaturation curve to a model of 2 exponential terms which indicated the presence of 2 exchangeable cellular calcium pools. $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$ (0.5ng/$m\ell$) induced significantly bone resorption which was decreased by the physiological dose of diltiazeme(above 5nmol/$m\ell$) although it was ineffective alone. Ionophore A23187 (0.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) decreased Ca release from bone but no additivity of effect with diltiazem(20nmol/$m\ell$) was observed. $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$ (0.5ng/$10^{6}$ cells) had a moderate effect on the two kinetic phases of $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$ desaturation curve and these values were normalized when diltiazeme (20nmol/$10^{6}$ cells) was added along with $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$. Ionophore($0.05\mu\textrm{g}$/$10^{6}$ cells) alone increased specifically the value of the slow turnover rate which was not affected by addition of diltiazem. The hypothesis concerning the involvement of calcium in bone resorption seems in fact to be verified in case of $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$ but more unsettled for Ca inophore A23187.

  • PDF

A Study on Wearable Emergency Medical Alarm System (착용형 응급의료 경보시스템 구현에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Wan;Beack, Seung-Hwa
    • Journal of IKEEE
    • /
    • v.10 no.1 s.18
    • /
    • pp.55-61
    • /
    • 2006
  • In modern society, development of medical technology has extended the human life span. However, it has also caused some side-effects. Mostly old people who live alone are not available the medical service quickly when they are in emergency situations. Moreover heart related diseases as well are rapidly increasing with aging. This study proposes the emergency medical alarm system. This system measures the physiological signals such as ECG(electrocardiogram), temperature, and motion data, analyzes those data automatically, and sends the urgent message to the Emergency Medical Center and to their family. There are two main parts in the system. In the first part, physiological data acquisition part, the troublesome addition and deletion of body signals on existing proposed systems have been supplemented, which led to the modulized production by means of ECG sensor module, temperature sensor module, acceleration sensor module. The other part is mobile unit, which includes signal processing and transmission functions. And bluetooth allows two parts to communicate with each other. Data that are processed in the mobile unit are stored in the PC database through the WLAN using TCP/IP protocol.

  • PDF

Mechanisms of Cadmium Carcinogenicity in the Gastrointestinal Tract

  • Bishak, Yaser Khaje;Payahoo, Laleh;Osatdrahimi, Alireza;Nourazarian, Alireza
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • v.16 no.1
    • /
    • pp.9-21
    • /
    • 2015
  • Cancer, a serious public health problem in worldwide, results from an excessive and uncontrolled proliferation of the body cells without obvious physiological demands of organs. The gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach and intestine, is a unique organ system. It has the highest cancer incidence and cancer-related mortality in the body and is influenceed by both genetic and environmental factors. Among the various chemical elements recognized in the nature, some of them including zinc, iron, cobalt, and copper have essential roles in the various biochemical and physiological processes, but only at low levels and others such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and nickel are considered as threats for human health especially with chronic exposure at high levels. Cadmium, an environment contaminant, cannot be destroyed in nature. Through impairment of vitamin D metabolism in the kidney it causes nephrotoxicity and subsequently bone metabolism impairment and fragility. The major mechanisms involved in cadmium carcinogenesis could be related to the suppression of gene expression, inhibition of DNA damage repair, inhibition of apoptosis, and induction of oxidative stress. In addition, cadmium may act through aberrant DNA methylation. Cadmium affects multiple cellular processes, including signal transduction pathways, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Down-regulation of methyltransferases enzymes and reduction of DNA methylation have been stated as epigenetic effects of cadmium. Furthermore, increasing intracellular free calcium ion levels induces neuronal apoptosis in addition to other deleterious influence on the stability of the genome.

Calretinin-Immunoreactive Amacrine Cells and Ganglion Cells in the Greater Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (한국관박쥐망막에서 칼레티닌 면역반응성의 무축삭세포 및 신경절 세포에서의 관찰)

  • Jeon, Young-Ki;Jeon, Chang-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
    • /
    • v.12 no.4
    • /
    • pp.133-139
    • /
    • 2007
  • Although the physiological roles of calretinin have not been established, it may simply work as a calcium buffer or may actively work in calcium-mediated signal transduction. Calretinin plays a little role in the transport and physiological buffering of calcium in the adult photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells and horizontal cells of the human retina. We identified the calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the inner nuclear cell layer and ganglion cell layer and the distribution pattern of the labeled neurons in the retina of a bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in this study. We observed the existence of calretinin-immunoreactive AII amacrine cell in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer of bat retina through this study. This observation must be significant along with our previous studies as we need to study for more understanding about the unsolved issue of a bat vision and the unique behavioral aspects of bat flight maneuverability.

  • PDF