• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.188-198
• /
• 2013

Advancement toward aging society has presented the importance of house planning in consideration of the elderly, increasing the necessity of such planning. Therefore the importance of indoor design guideline for elderly houses has been stressed and the understanding of the aging in regard to this trend will create more mature spaces. In line with this trend the purpose of this study is to study the medical factors related with bathroom interior design guidelines of the existing elderly houses from the viewpoint of deteriorating physical functions due to aging process. In order to research the deterioration of physical functions due to aging literatures of medical and exercise physiology were used and concerning the existing bathroom design guidelines for the aged people, the guideline items of behavior facilitation, physiological maintenance and perceptual maintenance aspects out of Murtha & Lee's user benefit criteria(1976) related with physical functions were selected to research in relation with the knowledge about the deterioration phenomena of physical functions. Physical aging and deterioration aspects were classified from the viewpoint of musculoskeletal disorder, cardiovascular disorder, respiratory disorder, gastronomy disorder, urology disorder, somatosensory disorder, endocrine disorder, immune disorder, nervous disorder and skin diseases and these were utilized in interpreting total 100 items of bathroom design guideline. Because bathroom is the space where many physical movements are done, it had the closest relationship with the deterioration of musculoskeletal health in general and as bathroom is the space where people use water and feel the difference in temperature and moisture more than other spaces, deterioration of skin and somatosensory health had the next closest relationship. The result of this study revealed that regarding the deterioration of physical functions of the elderly people in aspect of their perceptibility as designers will design creatively and sincerely based on its relationship with nervous system in future, the result of this study will be used to develop better spatial designs efficiently to meet for the aging society.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.18-21
• /
• 2001

The change of sleep pattern is one of the most often altered normal physiological functions in elderly people. Besides normal change of sleep, insomnia and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) are (one of) the main complaints. In addition, parasomnia is also frequent in this age group. Several parasomnias frequently found in the elderly are reviewed. Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), restless legs syndrome (RLS), and REM sleep behavior disorder are the most frequent parasomnias in old age. Most parasomnias could be diagnosed by polysomnography, and be treated easily. Therefore, early and precise diagnosis and management for parasomnia in aging people are needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.133-136
• /
• 2012

This case report describes the effectiveness of cervical chuna manipulation in the management of traumatic temporomandibular joint disorder. A 14-year-old male developed trismus after being stuck. He received cervical chuna manipulation and acupuncture. The mouth opening range was assessed to measure disability, and the visual analogue scale to measure discomfort. This was carried out at the beginning, during and at the end of treatment. After treatment, the patient's mouth opening range was improved from 10 mm to 45 mm. Also, the visual analogue scale was decreased. This case study suggests that cervical chuna manipulation can be effective for the management of traumatic temporomandibular joint disorder.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.58-73
• /
• 2020

Sleep is an essential physiological process, especially for proper brain function through the formation of new pathways and processing information and cognition. Therefore, when sleep is insufficient, this can result in pathophysiologic conditions. Sleep deficiency is a risk factor for various conditions, including dementia, diabetes, and obesity. Recent studies have shown that there are differences in the prevalence of sleep disorders between genders. Insomnia, the most common type of sleep disorder, has been reported to have a higher incidence in females than in males. However, sex/gender differences in other sleep disorder subtypes are not thoroughly understood. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that gender issues should be considered important when prescribing medicine. Therefore, an investigation of the gender-dependent differences in sleep disorders is required. In this review, we first describe sex/gender differences not only in the prevalence of sleep disorders by category but in the efficacy of sleep medications. In addition, we summarize sex/gender differences in the impact of sleep disorders on incident dementia. This may help understand gender-dependent pathogenesis of sleep disorders and develop therapeutic strategies in men and women.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.153-166
• /
• 2013

Yang deficiency pattern is a representative syndrome differentiation. This article is a study on to which categories of modern diseases yang deficiency is assigned by reference to modern clinical papers and the meaning of yang deficiency interpreted with a perspective of Korean Medicine and a modern perspective. Yang deficiency, yang qi deficiency, lack of yang qi and yang qi debilitation are the words found in "Nei Ching" and yang qi can be interpreted as something to warm, drive and arouse. Zhangzhongjing considered recovery or loss of Yang as the key to life in "Shanghanlun". Danxi proposed "Yang being liable to hyperactivity, Yin being insufficient" and emphasized pathological ministerial fire of Yang exuberance rather than physiological ministerial fire of Yang deficiency. Zhangjingyue proposed "Yang not being in excess, Yin being often deficient" and understood growth and decline of yin qi are all led by yang qi and put emphasis on true yin in addition to yang qi. Diseases of yang deficiency pattern are related with decline of metabolic level, hypofunction of internal secretion, disorder of immune function, disorder of automatic nerve system, sympathetic nerve inhibition, metabolic disorder of microelements, increase of cGMP, change of microcirculation, low speed of blood stream, kidney malfunction. Diseases related with kidney are sterility, polycystic ovary syndrome, spinal stenosis, edema, renal failure, IgA nephropathy, erectile dysfunction, nephritis, prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, decrease of adrenal cortical hormone by nephrotic syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome. Disease related with heart are heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, pulmonary heart disease. Diseases related with spleen are irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis. Diseases related with liver are hypothyroidism, liver cirrhosis ascites, hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis, hepatic diabetes. Diseases related with lung are allergic rhinitis, cough variant asthma, bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema. And diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, aplastic anemia, headache, encephalatrophy, Alzheimer's disease are also related with yang deficiency.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.104-120
• /
• 1980

The effects of temperature on transpiration, chlorophyll content, frequency and aperture of stomata, and leaf temperature of Panax ginseng were reviewed. Temperature changes of soil and air under spade roof were also reviewed. Growth responses of responses of ginseng plant at various temperature were assessed in relation to suseptibillity of ginseng plants. Reasonable management of ginseng fields was suggested based on the response of ginseng to various temperatures. Stomata frequency may be increased under high temperature during leaf$.$growing stage. Stomata aperture increased by high temperature but the increase of both frequency and aperture appears not enough for transpiration to overcome high temperature encountered during summer in most fields. Serial high temperature disorder, i.e high leaf temperature, chlorophyll loss, inhibition of photosynthesis, increased respiration and wilting might be alleviated by high humidity and abundant water supply to leaf. High air temperature which limits light transmission rate inside the shade roof, induces high soil temperature(optimum soil temperature 16∼18$^{\circ}C$) and both(especially the latter) are the principal factors to increase alternaria blight, anthracnose, early leaf fall, root rot and high missing rate of plant resulting in poor yield. High temperature disorder was lessen by abundant soil water(optimum 17∼21%) and could be decreased by lowering the content of availability of phosphorus and nitrogen in soil consequently resulting in less activity of microorganisms. Repeated plowing of fields during preparation seems to be effective for sterilization of pathogenic microoganisms by high soil temperature only on surface of soils. Low temperature damage appeared at thowing of soils and emergence stage of ginseng but reports were limited. Most limiting factor of yield appeared as physiological disorder and high pathogen activity due to high temperature during summer(about three months).

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 2001

The study was conducted to examine the storage potential of recently developed oriental pears, 'Kamchun' and 'Chuhwang'. The content of soluble solids of 'Kamchun' pears was above 13.2% but the acidity was below 0.082% at three harvest dates. Although skin browning disorder did not occur in 'Kamchun', about 40% of fruits were affected by core breakdown especially when harvested after middle of October. In contrast, flesh browning was also observed in early harvested fruit. Flesh firmness of 'Chuhwang' was higher than that of 'Kamchun' at harvest as well as after storage. The acidity of 'Chuhwang' was constantly higher than that of 'Kamchun'. Severe skin browning (approximately 80%) occurred in 'Chuhwang' pears regardless of harvest dates. Also, more flesh browning disorder was found in fruit harvested early in the season. Further research is required to determine the optimum harvest date of both cultivars and postharvest managements to inhibit the physiological disorders.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.240-247
• /
• 2018

Background: Saline soil has negative effects on the growth of most crops. Sodium is the main element that causes salt accumulation in soil. Organic materials such as cow and poultry manure, are frequently used during the preparation stage, which causes an increase in the rate of salt accumulation in the soil. Methods and Results: To investigate the influences of sodium on ginseng, $NaH_2PO_4$, $Na_2SO_4$, and NaCl were used to adjust the sodium concentrations at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM in nutrient solution. In a 2-year-old ginseng, toxic symptoms appeared when the sodium treatment exceeded 50 mM. The sodium concentration in the leaves was 3.33%, which is more than twice as high as that of the control treated at 50 mM. As the sodium concentration increased, the root weight significantly decreased. In the 100 mM treatment, the weight decreased by 28% when compared to that of the control. The Amount of ginsenoside significantly increased with an increase in sodium concentrations. Conclusions: These results suggest that the growth of 2-year-old ginseng is negatively affected when sodium exceeds 50 mM. This result can be used for a as basis in diagnosing the physiological disorders of ginseng.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1164-1169
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of chronic prostatitis with sexual dysfunction and WBC counts on expressed prostatic secretion(EPS) with symptoms of sexual dysfunction. From 2001. 9. 1 to 2002. 3. 31, chronic prostatitis patients(30 examples) treated for more than 4 weeks were compared with normal group(30 examples) about hypoactive sexual desire disorder, erectile dysfunction, orgasmic disorder and hematospermia. We investigated sexual dysfunction according to the degree of prostatitis, improvement rate of prostatitis and sexual dysfunction. Chronic prostatitis patients compared with normal group were increased significantly in decreased libido(73.3%), erectile dysfunction(51.1%), orgasmic disorder(48.7%) and hematospermia(16.7%). In WBC very many/HPF group compared with others. though sexual dysfunction was highly revealed, but there was no statistic significance. In improvement rate of prostatitis, total improvement rate was 76.7%, WBC 10-30/HPF group 77.8%, WBC many/HPF group 72.8% and WBC very many/HPF group 80%. But the medical cure effect was the highest in WBC 10-30/HPF group. In the improvement rate of sexual dysfunction, total improvement rate was 68.5%, hematospermia 100%, decreased libido 90.9%, erectile dysfunction 67.4% and orgasmic disorder 60.3%. As a result of considering the relation with improvement rate of prostatitis and sexual dysfunction, there was a statistical significance at the erectile dysfunction. orgasmic disorder. The results showed the chronic prostatitis had effects on sexual dysfunction but there was no correlation between the degree of chronic prostatitis with sexual dysfunction. It also showed that the treatment of prostatitis had effects on improvements of erectile dysfunction and orgasmic disorder.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature during transportation and continuing shelf-life on fruit quality and the occurrence of physiological disorder to set up the appropriate exportation temperature condition in Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) 'Hanareum'. In the experiment of simulated exportation headed for USA, the fruits transported at $1^{\circ}C$ showed less weight loss than those of $5^{\circ}C$. Market temperature appeared as a key factor for keeping freshness of exported pear fruits rather than transportation temperature. Quality factors such as high flesh firmness and low incidence of fruit rot and physiological disorders including core breakdown and pithiness were attained at the fruits maintained at $18^{\circ}C$. Approximately two times higher incidence of physiological disorders and of fruit decay rates were observed in the fruits distributed at $25^{\circ}C$ than the those of $18^{\circ}C$. Therefore, temperature management during marketing resulted as an important factor for maintaining fruits quality in the process of pear fruit exportation.