• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2009

Bile juice prevents deposition of cholesterol in the blood vessel, digests fat, and absorbs fatty acid and vitamins, and it plays a great role on metabolism. Recently, emotional stimulus and mentally over-depression cause a person to come to illness, and westernization of way of life makes more patients with cholelithiasis, resulting into without bile secretion after cholelithotomy. Ageing, and gastrectomy and kidney transplantation are also the causes of more cholelithiasis occurrences. To solve these medical problems, we studied how Fel Sus Scrofa, which is not different from human bile juice, was used in the traditional Korean medicine. We I researched flavor, property, efficacy of Fel Sus Scrofa and how it was used by folk medicine, and we studied the usage examples of Fel Sus Scrofa in Sanghanlon and Dongeuibogam. The property of Sus Scrofa is bitter and cold. Its efficacy is to deposit glycogen. So it is known that it has been widely used, with many edible forms, without any humoral loss, for the inflammatory disease from various fever, problems of urine and feces, cutaneous disease, pulmonary disease, opthalmopathy, fever, thirst from diabetes, hepatocystic duct disorder. Fel Sus Scrofa can be used internally and externally to prevent humoral loss, and to control cutaneous disease among various pediatric disorder full of fever. And as we have in mind that it also can be used to treat patients with cholestasis after cholecystectomy, it is expected that post study of it must be done.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2002

Insomnia describes not only a state of a lack of sleep but also a causative factor for both psychological and physical disorders. Most people tend to underestimate the effects of insomnia on psychological problems, stroke, Sogal or other life-threatening conditions. insomnia may occur when 1) the flow of Jung(精), Ki(氣), Shin(神) and Hyul(血) is not smooth; 2) the five Jang organs and six Bu organs are in disharmony; 3) Shin(身) and Hyung(形) are inconsistently developed; 4) Young and Wi(衛) do not work in concert; 5) and other factors such as age or exposure to Cold are involved. I observed my patients suffering from insomnia according to Hyungsang medicine, which is based on 'Dongyuibogam'(東醫寶鑑). Insomnia due to the problems with Jung, Ki. Shin and Hyul was found in the Shin type(神科) and the Ki type(氣科). When it comes to the organs, sleep disorder significantly correlates to weakened Spleen, Liver and Kidneys. In terms of the inconsistent development of Shin and Hyung, patients who were shortsighted or experienced surgery showed insomnia. Patients exposed to Cold showed false type agitation. With respect to age, while children showed a weakened Gallbladder, the aged had deficient Blood. Sleep disorder caused by disharmony of Young and Wi occurs at dusk or dawn.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

In order to prepare the technical fundamental in production of premium quality fruits of 'Niitaka' pears, we compared the quality parameters and storability of the fruits that had various fruit set position in a cluster. The fruits set on $4^{th}$ from basal part in fruit cluster had the largest fruit size. The weight of fruits set on the higher position than $4^{th}$ from basal part in fruit cluster showed decreasing tendency. The production rates of marketable fruits which had 500g to 899g in weight were the high in $3-5^{th}$ from basal part in cluster than those in other position. The differences of fruit height and diameter which represent balanced fruit shape also showed less difference in the fruits set on $4-5^{th}$ from basal part in cluster than the fruits set closely on basal part in cluster. The fruits set on $3-4^{th}$ from basal part in cluster showed lower rate in incidence of core breakdown and pithiness disorder during 4 months of cold storage than those on the closer position to basal part in cluster.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 1999

This research was for investigating the physiological effect caused by genetic disorder and others. Serum protein, serum LDH, and serum CPK were analyzed on Fragile X syndrome patients, carriers, unclassified mental retardees, and Down's syndrome patients by cellulose acetate plate electrophoresis. Also enzyme activity of LDH and CPK were measured. Significant differences were observed between normal group and mental retardees in compositions of serum protein, serum LDH, serum CPK, and enzyme activities. Mean percentages of albumin were 53.70$\pm$7.73% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 57.09$\pm$7.73% for carriers, 47.33$\pm$6.06% for unclassified mental retardees, 50.19$\pm$ 15.72% for Down's syndrome patients. Mean percentages of ${\gamma}$-globulin were 19.64$\pm$6.71% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 19.24$\pm$3.38% for carries, 25.66$\pm$4.74 for unclassified mental retardees, 23.41$\pm$6.08% for Down's syndrome patients. Mean percentages of LDH3 were 27.76$\pm$2.72% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 22.70$\pm$2.76% for carriers, 25.42$\pm$1.26% for unclassified mental retardees, 27.72$\pm$2.58% for Down's syndrome patients. Mean percentages of LDH4 were 2.70$\pm$2.04 for Fragile X syndrome patients, 3.79$\pm$2.74% for carriers, so both of them were significantly lower than normal(P<0.05). Mean percentages of CK-MB were 3.96$\pm$5.56% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 8.80$\pm$7.92%. Mean percentages of CK-MM were 95.81$\pm$5.50% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 91.20$\pm$7.92% for carriers. These results showed that significant abnormal compositions of blood proteins might be caused by genetic disorder. However, further analysis of many patients will be needed for clear conclusion.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.516-521
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• 2006

The following conclusions are drawn from Hyungsang medicinal review on th globs hystericus through Donguibogam and other literatures. The globs hystericus appears in the throat and the epigastric region. It is a subjective sensation as if a plum pit is stick in the throat and is compressed, usually ac companied by stuffiness in chest, depression, nausea, and hiccup. But the throat is not marked with redness and swelling. Because Gi stagnation due to seven emotions is the main cause, the globs hystericus is usually followed by Seven Gi injuries, Pain and depressive syndrome due to disorder of Gi, palpitation due to fright, continuous violent palpitation, Gi phlegm, precordial pain with palpitation, epigastric pain due to seven emotions, cough and dyspnea due to disorder of Gi, and six kinds of stagnations. When head and body or chest and abdomen is compared to heaven and earth, the blockage of Gi between heaven and earth is common to the persons with the following charcteristics in Hyungsang; Dam type rather than Bankwang type, Gi type and Shin type rather than deer type and fish type, Taeum and Yangmyeong meridian types out of six meridian types, manly women, womanly man, too long or short neck, and signs of stagnation between the eyebrows. The globus hystericus needs, distinguishing from aphonia, acute tonsilitis, goiter, and pectorial pain with stuffiness. The affected area of aphonia and acute tonsilitis is the throat but they are not cause by the disturbance of seven emotions. Goiter can be distinguished by the changes in the appearance of neck. Even though the symptoms are similar, globus hystericus is caused by the stagnation of Gi, but the pectorial pain with stuffiness, by the insufficiency of the Heart blood. The general prescriptions are Chilgitang, Sachiltang, Gamisachiltang, Gamiijintang, and Sinihwan.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2014

Oriental pear (Pyrus communis L. cv 'Niitaka') was stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 5 months and major metabolites involved in blackening of the peel were analyzed by untargeted GC-MS and targeted HPLC methods. In this study, peels of sound and skin-blackened pears were analyzed and compared. Skin-blackened fruit was clearly characterized by a distinctive pattern in changes which included a decrease of malic acid, succinic acid, and ascorbic acid, while an increase of fumaric acid, threonine, and gluconic acid, which indicated both reduced metabolic activity and anti-oxidative capacity of the cells. Chlorogenic acid was a major phenolic compound and the peel of sound fruit showed high levels of free phenolic compounds compared than the peel of skin-blackened fruit which are believed to be related to oxidation of phenolics in skin-blackened tissue. The changes or profiling of major metabolites by targeted or untargeted analysis method could become a useful tool for understanding physiology, disorder mechanism, and identifying metabolic networks connecting primary and secondary metabolism in postharvest research.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1063-1067
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of oriental medical treatment to a patient with hypeventilation syndrome developed after traffic accident. Hypeventilation syndrome is a kind of psychosomatic disorder. Typical complaints are tachypnea, palpitation, paresthesia, muscle spasm and tetany. We treated the patient with herbal medication, physical therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, etc. In acute hyperventilation attack, we used bloodletting therapy(+宣, shihhsuan), cupping therapy(B40, B57), emergency treatment with paper bag rebreathing and herbal medication in order to tranquilize. After 2 months of oriental medical treatment, we obtained good improvement in patient's state. This results suggest that oriental medical treatment has the positive effects on a patient with hyperventilation syndrome.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.07a
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• pp.133-170
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• 1995

The major objectives of fruit breeding lie in improvement of cultivar, easy to be cultivated and of high quality, in order to produce unexpensive, delicious fruit both for fresh fruit market and processing. Recently, fruit breeding in Korea has contributed to breeding of several superior cultivars in major fruit crops, resulting in appreciable improvement in qualities such as skin color, taste and fruit-bearing habit concerned with productivity. In spite of accomplishments mentioned above, the need for both highly disease-resistant cultivars and long-keeping, physiological disorder-resistant cultivars to meet long distance transsportation in the temperate fruit crops of apples, oriental pears, stone fruits such as peaches, and grapes grown in Korea is rapidly pressing more than ever, as cultivars of today susceptible to pests and diseases and vulnerable to physiological disorders are very expensive and time-consuming in post-harvest handling and management. Thus, imporvements made in the above problems through breeding level will lead to the really enhanced productivity in fruit industry. The major impediments of tree size, the long length of juvenile period and the highly heterogeneous genetic composition to the improvement of fruit crops are responsible for the lower amount and rate of improvements of fruit crops as compared to annuals. Considering the expected limitations of the above problems to be solved through conventional breeding methods and strategy, a turning point of breeding a near perfect cultivar would be laid down if innovative breakthroughs in biological technology will be realized in applying some of the techniques of genetic manipulation at the molecular level to the cultivar improvement of fruit crops, such as the selective insertion of DNA carrying genes that govern desirable characteristics. More than anything else, those traits such as fruiting habit deciding productivity, elements of fruit qualities conditioned by monogene, and disease-and pest-resistance of vital importance for successful fruit growing are urgently desired to be improved by advancement of biotechnology for they are more than difficult and need long period to be attained through conventional breeding method.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

Patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) are predisposed to develop central nervous system tumors, due to the loss of neurofibromin, an inactivator of proto-oncogene Ras. However, to our knowledge, only three cases of ependymomas with NF1 have been reported in the literature. The authors present a case of NF1 patient with a spinal cord ependymoma. She was referred for about half a year history of increasing numbness that progressed from her fingers to her entire body above the bellybutton. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a relative-demarcated, heterogeneously enhanced mass lesion accompanied by perifocal edema in C5-7 level, a left-sided T11 spinous process heterogeneously enhanced mass in soft tissue, intervertebral disk hernia in L2-5 level, and widespread punctum enhancing lesion in her scalp and in T11-L5 level. The patient underwent C5-7 laminectomies and total excision of the tumor under operative microscope, and intraoperative ultrasonography and physiological monitoring were used during the surgery. Histopathologically, her tumor was found to be a ependymoma without malignant features (grade II in the World Health Organization classification). Therefore, no adjuvant therapy was applied. Following the operation, the patient showed an uneventful clinical recovery with no evidence of tumor recurrence after one year of follow-up.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.256-261
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• 2008

Anorexia is a common symptom in the elderly patients. Causes of anorexia in the elderly are very diverse and multifactorial. Causes include physiological changes associated with aging, mental disorders such as depression, anorexia tardive, dementia, medical diseases such as cancer(lung and gastrointestinal cancer), benign gastrointestinal disorders, cardiac disorders, pulmonary disease, thyroid disorders, infection. Medications such as digoxin, theophylline have also been implicated in the problem. No cause is found in about one quarter of patients. Management is directing at treating causes and providing nutritional support. In Oriental medicine, the appetite has close relation to Biwi. The main cause of anorexia is the insufficiency of Biwi. The physiology of Biwi is that Bi sends clarity(food essence) upward and Wi sends digested food downward. Specially if the physiologic function of Wi is disordered by various factors, Wi cannot send digested food downward. As a result, the anorexia can present by the disorder of Wi function. We experienced a case of an 74 years old female patient with ill-defined severe anorexia differentiated as Wijoongheohan. The patient was managed with fluid therapy and Jeonghyangsiche-tang. The anorexia and other symptoms improved continuously during hospitalization.