• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.170-173
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of municipal sludge application on the change of physico-chemical properties and contents of heavy metals in soils. The application of the sludge resulted in increasing the content of total nitrogen, available phosphate,exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and the soil porosity and permeability but soil hardness was reduce. It is clear that application of municipal sewage sludge would not due to increase in the heavy metals content in soil because of the lower concentration of heavy metal in the sludge. Totally it is evident that municipal sewage sludge application should play an important role in improving soil physico-chemical properties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2014

This study attempted to investigate the optimum cooking conditions of chicken breast fillets employing the superheated steam (SHS). The effects of SHS cooking conditions on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of chicken breast fillets were studied. Chicken breast fillets for SHS cooking were treated in six different combinations of steam temperature ($330^{\circ}C$ or $350^{\circ}C$) and cooking time (6, 8 and 10 min). As a result, when the chicken breast fillets were cooked for 8min at $330^{\circ}C$ and 6 min at $350^{\circ}C$ steam, the internal temperature of the chicken breast fillets reached $75{\sim}76^{\circ}C$. At that cooking condition, the chicken breast fillets demonstrated lower cooking loss, higher moisture content, lower hardness and fracturability, and higher springiness; further, they had more acceptable sensory properties compared to the other SHS conditions and conventional electric oven cooking (control). These results suggest that the application of SHS technology to chicken breast fillet products can reduce the cooking time and cooking loss; moreover, it can produce highly preferred chicken products compared to conventional electric oven cooking.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.410-417
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• 2017

The effect of dietary fiber enrichment (wheat bran) and cooking methods (oven, steam and microwave) on functional and physico-chemical properties of raw nuggets formulation as well as nutritional, color and textural properties of chicken nuggets were analyzed in this study. Among different cooking methods used for nuggets preparation, steam cooked nuggets had significantly (p<0.05) higher water holding capacity (56.65%), cooking yield (97.16%) and total dietary fiber content (4.32%) in comparison to oven and microwave cooked nuggets. The effect of cooking methods and wheat bran incorporation was also noticed on textural properties of the nuggets. Hardness, firmness and toughness values of oven and steam cooked nuggets were significantly (p<0.05) higher than microwave cooked nuggets. Among nuggets prepared by different cooking methods, cohesiveness of microwave cooked nuggets was found to be significantly (p<0.05) highest, whereas, oven cooked nuggets had significantly (p<0.05) highest gumminess and chewiness values. Steam cooked nuggets were found to be better among all nuggets due to their higher cooking yield and dietary fiber content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1124-1134
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• 2017

Objective: This study explored the physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed (IOF) supplement. Methods: Amniotic fluid was collected from broiler breeders (Ross 308, 51 weeks and Cobb 500, 35 weeks) on day 17 after incubation. A mixture of high-quality soy protein supplement - Hamlet Protein AviStart (HPA) was serially diluted in MilliQ water to obtain solutions ranging from 150 to 9.375 mg/mL. The mixtures were heat-treated (0, 30, 60 minutes) in a waterbath ($80^{\circ}C$) and then centrifuged to obtain supernatants. The amniotic fluid and HPA supernatants were analysed for their physico-chemical properties. Results: Only viscosity and $K^+$ were significantly (p<0.05) different in both strains. Of all essential amino acids, leucine and lysine were in the highest concentration in both strains. The osmolality, viscosity and $pCO_2$ of the supernatants decreased (p<0.05) with decreasing HPA concentration. Heat treatment significantly (p<0.05) affected osmolality, pH, and $pCO_2$, of the supernatants. The interactions between HPA concentration and heat treatment were significant with regards to osmolality (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01), $pCO_2$ (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.05), lactate (p<0.01) and acid-base status (p<0.01) of HPA solutions. The $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, glucose, and lactate increased with increasing concentration of HPA solution. The protein content of HPA solutions decreased (p<0.05) with reduced HPA solution concentrations. The supernatant from 150 mg/mL HPA solution was richest in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine and lysine. Amino acids concentrations were reduced (p<0.05) with each serial dilution but increased with longer heating. Conclusion: The values obtained in the primary solution (highest concentration) are close to the profiles of high-protein ingredients. This supplement, as a solution, hence, may be suitable for use as an IOF supplement and should be tested for this potential.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compost application on the soil loss and physico-chemical properties at the slope land from 1990 to 1991. Lysimeters with 15% slope. 5m slope length. 2m width and 1.2m depth were constructed in 1984 and filled with sandy loam, loam, clay loam. and clay soils. Treatments were bare soil, compost(1.5ton/10a) and non-compost with soybean-barley cropping system from 1984. Losses of soil were increased with the order of sandy loam, clay, loam and clay loam. Run-off was increased with the order of sandy loam, loam, clay loam and clay, but leachate was decreased with the same order. Compost treatments decreased 33.6-44.6% of soil loss and 17.0-24.0% of run-off but increased 17.1-33.7.% of leachate as compared with the non-compost treatments. The amount of soil loss was positively correlated with the amount of run-off by Y = 12.125+0.063X (r=$0.970^{**}$)and negatively correlated with the leachate by Y=43.425-0.096X(r=$-0.917^{**}$). The application of compost increased soil pH, OM, CEC and extractable cations. Application of compost decreased bulk density but increased porosity, water stable aggregate and available water. These results provide that the compost application plays an important role in conserving soil and water, and improving soil physico-chemical properties.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mulberry and persimmon leaf powder with various contents(0.04%, 0.08%) on physico-chemical and sensory properties of emulsified-sausages. There were no differences(P>0.05) in moisture and crude ash contents(%), but crude fat contents(%) of the sausages containing 0.8% persimmon leaf powder showed the highest, compared to other treatments. pH values of all treatments decreased during storage period. Sausages containing mulberry and persimmon leaf powder had more bright and yellow, but less red color than the control. Hardness values of the sausages containing 0.04% mulberry and persimmon leaf powder were higher than those of a control and other treatments. The addition of mulberry leaf powder had better flavor and overall palatability of sausages than persimmon leaf powder. However, no differences in color, flavor, tenderness and overall palatability were observed on 60 days of storage. These results indicated that the addition of mulberry and persimmon leaf powder for the manufactured of emulsified-sausages partially affected physico-chemical and sensory properties. Further research will be performed why the addition of these powders affect the product quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.841-846
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• 2011

This study was conducted to obtain the information about injury caused by continuous cropping of peony (Paeonia lactiflora). Soil physico-chemical properties, characteristics of microbial distribution and diversities in the continuous cropped field with peony were analyzed. As the results, pH and organic matter content were higher in the continuous cropping soil than those in the first cropping soil. Bulk density was decreased but porosity was increased in the continuous cropping soil. As the cultivation period was lengthened in years, the populations of bacteria and actinomyces were gradually decreased, whereas fungal population was increased. It was shown that the metabolic diversity patterns of the microbial communities in the continuous cropping soil differed from that of the first cropping soil. These results indicate that deterioration of soil quality such as physico-chemical properties including a soil depth, bulk density, porosity and soil pH is related with a continuous cultivation periods, and also affect a microbial population, especially fungi.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

The smectite-rich clays were found locally in Paleozoic calcareous sedimentary rocks in the Samcheok area. Their occurrences were investigated in detail, and the physico-chemical properties of the clays were also determined by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, thermal analysis and cation exchanging experiment. The smectite clays occur as the fissure filling dyke developed in calcareous sedimentary rock and as alteration products of intrusive rhyolite. Most of clays occur at the contact between the sedimentary rock and the rhyolite, and the alteration zone was observed only in rhyolite body close to the contact. Judging from their occurrences, it is believed that the smectite-rich clays in this area were formed by the hydrothemal alteration. The smectite clays from the area are mainly composed of Ca-montmorillonite, and associated with small quantities of quartz, opal-CT and feldspar. The montmorillonites from this area are lower in Fe content, and higher in exchangeable Ca ion, compared to those of bentonite from the Yangnam-Yeongil area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.381-385
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• 1998

Chemical components of Perillar semen and physico-chemical properties o Perillae semen oil were analyzed for the use as an edible oil. The proximate compositions of Perillae semen were 7.5% moisture, 33.2% crude fat, 16.3% crude protein, 2.8% crude ash, 6.5% crude fiber, and 33.7% nitrogen free extract. The major amino acids of Perillae semen were glutamic acid(66.9mg%), aspartic acid (32.5mg%), histidine(21.6mg%), and phenylaanine (20.1mg%). The ratio of essential/total amino acid was 41.3%. The physico-chemical properties of the seed oil were 0.915 specific gravity, 1.4808 refractive index, 3.6 acid value, 181.7 iodine value, and 194.0 saponification value. Composition of major lipid of the oil fractionated by silicic acid chromatography was 94.2% neutral lipids and 5.8% polar lioids. The major fatty acids of the oil were linolenic, linoleic and oleic acid. Neutral lipids consisted of 59.9% linolenic acid, 15.6% oleic acid, 6.6% palmitic acid, and 2.5% stearic acid. Polar lipids consisted of 58.5% linolenic acid, 18.1% linoleic acid, 12.7% oleic acid, 7.7% palmitic acid, and 3.0% stearic acid.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 1997

Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of Richards' parameter estimates, ginseng field soils were grouped as the principal component 1 (PC1) and the principal component 2 (PC2). The microflora and physico-chemical characteristics of each soil group were compared to elucidate soil environmental factors affecting the disease development of root rot of ginseng seedling. Among 3 soil groups by PC1, there were differences in the populations of total fungi (TF) and Cylindrocarpon plus Fusarium (C+F), and the population ratio of Cylindrocarpon plus Fusarium to total fungi or total bacteria (C+F/TF, C+F/TB) in rhizoplane of ginseng seedlings, the population of total actinomycetes (TA) and the population ratio of total Fusarium to total actinomycetes (Fus/TA) in soil, and soil chemical properties (EC, NO3-N, K, Mn, ect.). Among 4 soil groups by PC2, there were differences in TF, C+F, TB, C+F/TF and C+F/TB in the rhizoplane, Trichoderma plus Gliocladium (T+G) in soil, and P2O5 content in soil. Especially, EC, NO3-N, K, K/Mg and Mn were positively correlated to PC1, and TA was negatively to PC1; however, TF, C+F, TB, C+F/TF and C+F/TB in the rhizoplane were significantly correlated to PC2 positively. On the other hand, microbes in the rhizoplane were not significantly correlated to the stand-missing rate (SMR), although TA and Fe/Mn were negatively correlated, and pH and Ca were positively correlated to SMR.