• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to review the curriculum and license examination of physical therapists in the United States. Methods: The doctor of physical therapy (DPT) curriculum was evaluated by a review Course Work Tool version 6 (CWT6) data and current physical therapy licensure examination (National Physical Therapy Exam, NPTE) category in the United States. Results: The results indicated that they were required to meet the doctor of physical therapist degree based on 'Guide to Physical Therapist Practice' of American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). This includes general education in the areas of communications and humanities, physical science, biological science, social and behavioral science, and mathematics. A minimum of one course must be completed successfully in each area of general education. Moreover, there should be at least 68 didactic credits of professional education and 22 clinical education credits, which is a minimum of two full-time clinical internships with no less than 1050 hours in total, which were supervised by a physical therapist. Regarding the physical therapy licensure examination, National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE, 2016) consisted of a physical therapy examination (26.5%), evaluation, differential diagnosis, baseline of prognosis (32.5%), intervention (28.5%), protection, responsibility, and research (6.5%) based on the 'Guide to Physical Therapist Practice'. Conclusion: Based on the study results provided above, it is considered a standard to meet domestic reality as the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice of APTA for South Korean physical therapists.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.213-225
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• 1994

The Purpose of this dissertation is to study the preparation technique and physical properties of expanded rubber. The respective samples of NR, NBR and the standard compounds of EPDM rubber were prepared by mixing plasticizer DOP and LCR in various ratio. And their vulcanization characteristics, physical properties and foaming states were studied. Vulcanization characteristics were investigated using cure curve that had been obtained from Oscillating Disk Rheometer study, and the microscopic photographs of foaming states were obtained using electron microscope. The vulcanization characteristics of the samples, DOP 30phr and LCR 30phr, were found to be suitable. The tests, like hardness test and resilience, tensile test on the physical properties of each sample showed that plasticizing efficiencies of DOP and LCR were almost the same. Oil resistance test exhibited DOP was better than LCR and compression set test showed LCR was excellent plasticizer. The foaming states of NR, EPDM compounds were uniform, but those of NBR compounds were not uniform. Consequently vulcanization characteristics, physical properties and foaming states of all the samples satisfied the SAE requirements.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2019

Background: Increasing workplace health-care perception has become a major issue in the world. Most of the health-related problems are faced because of the lack of health management instruments. The level of health care can be improved through workplace health well-being regulations. The aim of the present study is to formulate a conceptual model of physical checkup. Methods: This study applied conceptual theories and figures and used secondary data from articles and relevant websites for evaluating the validity of the study. Results: Annual health checkup increases health-care awareness perception of states, organizations, employees, and their families and manages the annual health record of employees, organizations, and states. Conclusions: Health care and awareness perception of states, organizations, employees, and families improves with annual health checkup, and annual health checkup also prevents unhealthy acts.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권9호
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• pp.1385-1392
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• 2018

A network with coupled biological neurons provides various forms of collective synchronous dynamics. Such phase-locking dynamics states resemble eigenvectors in a linear coupling system in that the forms are determined by the symmetry of the coupling strengths. However, the states behave as attractors in a nonlinear dynamics system. We here study the collective synchronous dynamics in a neural system by using a novel theory. We exhibit how the period and the stability of individual phase-locking dynamics states are determined by the characteristics of synaptic couplings. We find that, contrary to common sense, the firing rate of a synchronized state decreases with increasing synaptic coupling strength.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2022

The total energy expenditure (TEE) consists of the basal energy expenditure (BEE), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and the thermic effect of food. The PAEE accounts for a significant portion of the TEE and can be changed according to individual efforts, and the difference between individuals of PAEE is large. Even for the same physical activity, there is a difference in energy expenditure between adults and children. Therefore, a physical activity classification table for youth is needed to classify the physical activity recorded in the physical activity diary prepared to evaluate children's energy expenditure. It is also necessary to calculate the physical activity level required to set the estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for children and adolescents in Korea. This paper reports a physical activity classification table for Korean youth using the 2017 Youth Compendium of Physical Activities in the United States. This physical activity classification table includes 110 specific activities classified into 14 major categories by four age groups (6-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years old) and their metabolic equivalent values. Of these, 87 physical activities were selected from the 2017 Youth Compendium reported in the United States. Nine physical activities such as washing and going to the bathroom, which are daily activities of children and adolescents not included among them, were selected from the another list (2008) of physical activities in America. The remaining 15 physical activities were selected from the research results, which measured the energy expenditure of Korean children and adolescents. Activity categories were divided into 4 areas: daily activity (A), movement (B), school work (C), exercise and sports (D). This physical activity classification table will help standardize the interpretation and scoring process of physical activity of youth in related studies and community health surveys.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze and examine the issues that are directly associated with the United States COVID-19 vaccine distribution and its strategies so that other countries may learn from it and develop sound distribution strategies. Research design, data and methodology: This paper has applied both historical and narrative models to review, identify, and analyze existing literatures to assess the United States' vaccine distribution strategy. Results: Distribution strategy developed by the United States seems to have focused heavily on the basic tenets of physical distribution, i.e., transportation, warehousing, inventory, and large-venue mass-vaccination sites, and the strategy seems to have been successful when looking only at the physical tenets of distribution. However, the analysis indicates that the distribution strategy has not either focused on or included the major activities of distribution, such as inward and outward communication, information, and customer satisfaction. Conclusions: The countries that are currently developing or implementing COVID-19 vaccine distribution strategy should review and learn from the United States' vaccine distribution strategy and its implementation. The countries should include and address all the activities of distribution, including inward and outward communication, information, and customer satisfaction to achieve their vaccination goals, minimize confusion, reduce wasting of doses and vaccine desserts, and improve vaccination rates.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1992

Skin conductance level (SCL) is used to analyze the individual differences in pathological states. The points of measurement were on the back of the second metacarpals, according to the Zhang's biological whole body medical treatment method. SCL was measured in 38 healthy men and women and in 98 patients in lung, liver, stomach, kidney, and paralysis. The classification of the physical constitution was done to them with respect to Lee's physical constitution theory. The following tendencies were observed. 1. SCL in patients group is lower than that in healthy group. 2. In healthy group, SCL in micro-positive physical constitution is higher than those of micro-negative and macro-negative physical constitution. 3. In patients group, SCL in micro-positive physical constitution is lower than those of micro-negative and macro-negative physical constitution vice versa.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.743-755
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 미국 취학 아동-청소년의 BMI 변화율이 어떻게 달라지고 있는지, 그리고 청소년 발달 상태에 따른 비만을 유발하는 해로운 행동들이 청소년들의 비만 현상에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 종단적으로 밝히는데 있다. 1999-2011 미국 청소년 위험 행동 조사 데이터를 사용하였으며, 총 연구 대상은 260,293명이다(9-12학년). 미국 취학 청소년들의 비만율에 미치는 종단적 시간의 효과를 검증하기 위해 인구통계학적 특성, 영양 및 신체활동 관련 행위들을 공변량으로 통제한 최소자승법 회귀분석과 위계적 선형 모델링이 활용되었다. 취학 청소년들의 BMI 퍼센티지는 시간과 유의미한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 종단적 시간은 아이들의 BMI 퍼센티지에 상당히 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지난 10년 동안의 미국 아동 비만을 줄이기 위한 신체 활동 및 영양 정책은 미국 아동들의 비만 유지 및 감소를 위한 매우 효과적인 정책이었으며, 향후 청소년의 비만 요인 감소와 장애요소를 극복을 위한 정책을 강화하는데 더욱 많은 관심을 기울여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.927-935
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• 2005

In the present paper the dynamics of the structure varying multibody systems caused by stick-slip motion with two-dimensional dry friction are analyzed. The methods to determine friction force both in stick and slip states are described. The direct method of considering the wagon bogie system as a structure varying system was used to consider two dimensional friction at the wheelset-side frame connection. The concept of friction direction angle used to determine the friction force components of two-dimensional dry friction both in the stick and slip motion states was used. A speed depended friction coefficient was used and described approximately by hyperbolic secant function. All switch conditions were derived and friction forces both for stick and slip states. Some simulation results are provided.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.88-91
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• 2019

Background: The intelligent tissue hypothesis on how acupuncture works, states that real-time organ states are reflected in the tissue at an organ's related acupuncture points (acupoints). Any such changes in the tissue would produce corresponding changes in the impedance at those locations. Methods: To test this hypothesis in relation to the lungs, the impedance at key lung-related acupoints was monitored in real time while the patient breathed normally, then breathed deeply, then quickly, then held his breath. Results: When breathing deeply this produced a notable decrease in the impedance at 1 acupoint, while breathing quickly produced a decrease at another acupoint, suggesting that these different functions taxed different aspects of the lungs, which was then reflected at different acupoints. The impedance at all the acupoints also contained low-amplitude waves that reflected the base rate of the respiration pacesetter, and the amplitude of these waves also varied to reflect different real-time states in the lungs. Conclusion: These real-time impedance patterns suggested that corresponding physical patterns were present in the tissue at these acupoints, and these physical patterns mirrored the real-time variations in function strength of the related organ (the lungs). These results were consistent with the hypothesis.