• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.125-168
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• 2015

Dynamic aeroelastic behavior of structurally nonlinear Joined Wings is presented. Three configurations, two characterized by a different location of the joint and one presenting a direct connection between the two wings (SensorCraft-like layout) are investigated. The snap-divergence is studied from a dynamic perspective in order to assess the real response of the configuration. The investigations also focus on the flutter occurrence (critical state) and postcritical phenomena. Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) are observed, possibly followed by a loss of periodicity of the solution as speed is further increased. In some cases, it is also possible to ascertain the presence of period doubling (flip-) bifurcations. Differences between flutter (Hopf's bifurcation) speed evaluated with linear and nonlinear analyses are discussed in depth in order to understand if a linear (and thus computationally less intense) representation provides an acceptable estimate of the instability properties. Both frequency- and time-domain approaches are compared. Moreover, aerodynamic solvers based on the potential flow are critically examined. In particular, it is assessed in what measure more sophisticated aerodynamic and interface models impact the aeroelastic predictions. When the use of the tools gives different results, a physical interpretation of the leading mechanism generating the mismatch is provided. In particular, for PrandtlPlane-like configurations the aeroelastic response is very sensitive to the wake's shape. As a consequence, it is suggested that a more sophisticate modeling of the wake positively impacts the reliability of aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis. For SensorCraft-like configurations some LCOs are characterized by a non-synchronous motion of the inner and outer portion of the lower wing: the wing's tip exhibits a small oscillation during the descending or ascending phase, whereas the mid-span station describes a sinusoidal-like trajectory in the time-domain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1643-1648
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• 2014

Family caregivers of older cancer patients face many challenges in managing illness. The burden impacts physical, emotional, spiritual, and social health. The objective of this study was to identify burden among caregivers of older patients with advanced cancer, and associated factors. Materials and Methods: Caregivers of older cancer patients were randomly interviewed from March-September 2012. Information on baseline characteristics and caregiver burden using the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) was collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze baseline data, with univariate and multiple linear regression to analyze factors associated with higher burden. Results: One hundred and fifty participants were assessed. The mean ZBI was $19.2{\pm}12.9$ (95%CI, 17.1, 21.2). Two-thirds of caregivers reported no burden (63%) and the main impact variable on ZBI was guilt. High burdens were associated with single caregiver, relationship with the patient as siblings, presence of migraines, and cancer types of the patients. Conclusions: Caregiver burden of Thai cancer patients is low. This unexpected small number could be the result of the socio-cultural viewpoint. Assessment of caregivers and focusing on related factors should be incorporated into treatment plans.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2013

Hydrogen terminated PDMS와 allyl alcohol를 Karstedt's 촉매 존재하에서 hydrosilylation 반응을 이용하여 hydroxypropyl terminated PDMS를 합성한 후, 3관능 HDI isocyanurate trimer와 hydroxyethyl methacrylate를 one-pot 반응으로 초분지 형태의 다관능 실리콘 변성 우레탄 아크릴레이트 올리고머(PUA 올리고머)를 합성하였다. 합성된 PUA 올리고머의 특성은 FT-IR과 GPC를 사용하여 분석하였으며, 그들의 중량평균 분자량은 약 9000 g/mol 이었다. 합성된 PUA 올리고머와 반응성 모노머인 phenylthioethyl acrylate를 여러 가지 조성비로 혼합하고 UV-광경화반응을 이용하여 연성 경화물을 제조하였다. 연성 경화물의 굴절률은 phenylthioethyl acrylate 첨가함에 따라 증가하였으나 반응성 모노머 함량과 관계가 없었다. 또한, 연성 경화필름의 광투과도 변화도 없었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1981

Blake Plateau 상(上)의 망간단괴(團塊)는 주(主)로 미정질(微晶質) 내지(乃至) 은미정질(隱微晶質) 토도로카이트와 소량(少量)의 석영(石英), 점토(粘土), 탄산염광물(炭酸鹽鑛物) 및 필 립사이트로 구성(構成)되어 있다. 망간단괴(團塊)는 그 단면(斷面)에서 동심엔층상(同心円層狀), 내핵(內核), 부정합(不整合), 열극충전(裂隙充塡) 등(等)의 육안적(肉眼的) 구조(構造)를 가지고 있고 현미경하(顯微鏡下)에서는 교질상(膠質狀), 비편상(碑片狀) 및 다이아제네시스 구조(構造)가 관찰(觀察)된다. 어떤 기원(起源)의 단괴(團塊)의 조직(組織)에 대(對)하여도 적용(適用)될 수 있는 새로운 교질상(膠質狀) 조직분류(組織分類) 방안(方案)을 발견(發見)하여 체계화(體系化)하였다. 즉(卽) 호상조직(縞狀組織), 혹모양조직(組織) 및 구상조직(球狀組織)의 교질상물질(膠質狀物質)의 3가지 기본(基本) 조직단위(組織單位)가 존재(存在)한다는 것이 밝혀졌으며, 이의 체계적(體系的)인 세분(細分)으로 모든 망간단괴(團塊)의 조직(組織)의 체계적(體系的)인 기술(記述)과 연구(硏究)가 가능(可能)하게 되었다. 3가지 기본(基本) 조직단위(組織單位)의 존재(存在)는 망간 단괴성장(團塊成長)에 있어서 적어도 3가지 주성장방식(主成長方式)이 존재(存在)한다는 것을 지시(指示)해준다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the M&L Trauma Psychotherapy Program on: Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R-K); Euro QOL-5 Dimension (EQ5D); Five-facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ); and psychological tests. Methods: Eight middle-aged women subjected to domestic violence participated in the two-day M&L Trauma Psychotherapy Program. The Program was executed 5 times 2 days for about 3 hours. We evaluated IES-R-K, EQ5D, FFMQ, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger Expression inventory (STAXI) and SUDS before the Program and for four weeks afterwards, to analyze the effects of the M&L Trauma Psychotherapy Program. Results: The scores of IES-R-K, BDI, STAI-S, STAI-T, Hwa ST and Hwa CT decreased significantly (p<0.05). EQ5D scores increased significantly (p<0.05) and overall physical condition scale (VAS) increased. In the FFMQ scores, all five facet scores increased slightly. Scores of SUDS decreased significantly right after the program, and remained decreased four weeks later, rather than before the Program (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggested that the M&L Trauma Psychotherapy Program improved post-traumatic stress, quality of life and mindfulness skills, and had positive responses to psychological problems - depression, anxiety, anger and distress.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1996

토양과 토양용액의 경계면에서 토양내 흡착부위에 대해 경쟁적 이온이 존재할 때 카드늄의 흡착 현상을 연구하기 위하여, 토양의 Bt층으로부터 토양시료를 채취하여 토양의 물리화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 한편 Ethy-lone glycol monoethyl ether(EGME)와 질소가스를 가지고 각각의 토양의 특정표면적을 조사하였다. 토양층 내에서 토양입자와 반응성을 지닌 물질의 동태를 연구하는 일반적 지침으로, 물리화학적 특성이 완전히 다른 토양을 가지고 일반적인 등온흡착곡선을 취하였다. 단일 등온흡착곡선에서 보여 주었던 것처럼 물질간의 경쟁적흡착을 포함한 여러가지의 물리 화학적 요인들이 흡착에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정된다. 한편 각각의 토양입자에 의한 카드늄 흡착의 정도는 사용된 토양과 용액의 회석 비율뿐만 아니라 각각의 토양의 표면적에 의존한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 서로 다른 토양에서의 카드늄이 마그네시움과의 경쟁적 흡착에서도 적용되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 등온흡착곡선은 유해한 무기성분의 흡착과 동태 해석 뿐만 아니라 표준 배취흡착과정을 연구개발하는데 복합 요인으로 작용한다는 것을 증명하기 위한 예로서 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-rated health and to find various factors affecting it for elderly women in a rural community, to provide data necessary to establish health promotion programs for elderly. The subjects of the study included a total of 245 women with above 70 years of age reside in one rural community. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) for self-rated health, Lawton's physical & instrumental activity of daily living scales, social network were evaluated. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The self-rated health of the elderly women were measured on a 100 point(VAS) scale and the score was 53.6, indicating that women rated their health as moderate. 2. Factors such as income(p=0.008), family size(p=0.031), the level of ADL(p=0.039), urinary symptom(p=0.039), nocturia(p=0.001), visual difficulty(p=0.023), the number of chronic diseases(p=0.015), presence of arthritis or neuralgia(p=0.015), social network(p=0.002), housework assistant(p=0.008), emotional support(p=0.031) were significantly related to self-rated health. 3. Through the stepwise multiple regression, social network, family size, visual difficulty, and housework assistant were identified as significant predictors of self-rated health(p<0.05), explaining $21.0\%$ of the variance of the dependent variable. Better understanding of the determinants of healthy aging hopefully will lead to effective interventions to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.88-99
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• 2015

As architecture is designed for humans to live in based on practicality, what one experiences within such spaces is important. Such experiences are not felt only by appreciating the structure's appearance, but involve physical presence inside the space and the deepening of the individuals relationship with the space through the body's sensory perception. However, in modern times there is a much greater tendency to rely on superficial experiences by way of images or tastes rather than more meaningful human participation, while the standardization of the object universe is gradually erasing the uniqueness of experience. In light of this, the restoration of emotional and sensory spatial experiences through the design of sensory spaces can be regarded as an important task in modern spatial design. This study contemplated the meaning of emotional spatial experiences through a phenomenological understanding of such experiences, and analyzed the meaning and main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere as a phenomenon of spatial experience. In addition, we highlighted the fact that spatial atmosphere can be applied as space design methodology by devising methods of expression through an analysis of actual examples. O.F. Bollnow's space theory and the spatial design of Peter Zumthor were the subjects of this analysis. The spatial atmosphere analyzed using Bullnow's theory is a phenomenon in which both the human and space are connected and the ensuing spatial experience embodies the emotions of both. This spatial atmosphere can be understood as a condition in which the human and space are fused together. Furthermore, coincidental/accidental meeting, mediums using potential objects, reorganization of the center due to autonomous boundaries, as well as the three temporalities were identified as the main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere. Based on this analysis, through the identification of methods of expression for spatial atmosphere in Zumthor's spaces.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1206-1215
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 오프라인과 온라인으로 진행된 물리탐구 토론에 참여한 학생들을 대상으로 실시된 설문과 면담을 통하여 온라인 물리탐구토론 학습체제에 대한 학생들의 인식을 알아보고, 이를 통하여 온라인 물리탐구토론 학습 체제의 특징을 알아보았다. 분석은 온라인 물리탐구토론 학습체제의 사용자 편리상 온라인 탐구토론의 비동시성, 글쓰기와 관련된 온라인 탐구토론, 온라인 탐구토론의 시각적 표현과 물리적 존재감, 온라인 탐구토론의 선호도의 다섯 가지 범주로 실시되었다. 학생들은 온라인 탐구토론에서 시공간을 초월하여 접근할 수 있고, 비동시성으로 인하여 충분한 사고 후에 논쟁에 참여할 수 있다는 점을 온라인 탐구토론의 가장 큰 장점으로 여기고 있었다. 또한 온라인 활동이 학생들 스스로의 참여로 수행되지만, 학생들의 활발한 참여를 위해서는 온라인 교육 시스템의 기술적인 부분이외에도 학부모와 교사의 역할이 더없이 중요하다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2017

With the continuous evolution of the numerical methods and the availability of advanced constitutive models, it became a common practice to use complex physical and geometrical nonlinear numerical analyses to estimate the structural behavior of reinforced concrete elements. Such simulations may yield the complete time history of the structural behavior, from the first moment the load is applied until the total collapse of the structure. However, the evolution of the cracking pattern in geometrical discontinuous zones of reinforced concrete elements and the associated failure modes are relatively complex phenomena and their numerical simulation is considerably challenging. The objective of the present paper is to assess the applicability of the Applied Element Method in simulating the development of distinct failure modes in reinforced concrete walls subjected to monotonic loading obtained in experimental tests. A pushover test was simulated numerically on three distinct RC shear walls, all presenting an opening that guarantee a geometrical discontinuity zone and, consequently, a relatively complex cracking pattern. The presence of different reinforcement solutions in each wall enables the assessment of the reliability of the computational model for distinct failure modes. Comparison with available experimental tests allows concluding on the advantages and the limitations of the Applied Element Method when used to estimate the behavior of reinforced concrete elements subjected to monotonic loading.