• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2012

The graying of populations is emerging as an international issue around the world, and this is a problem that is rapidly advancing in Korea as well, signaling the need for financial preparations for the aged. For this purpose, various retirement pension systems are being employed as preparatory measures for the nation's elderly. Using data from 1474 people in the 2007 panel study of National Security for the Retired, the present work attempts to look at satisfaction rates with regard to public pension receipts for the national pension and special occupational pensions according to general characteristics and factors related to the preparation for an aging society. Satisfaction with retirement pension receipts according to the type of pension was high for special occupation retirement pensions, individual retirement pensions and the national retirement pension, in that order. Looking at satisfaction rates based on the general characteristics of pension recipients, the study revealed that for the national pension, satisfaction was highest for groups with above-average physical and psychological health, groups who think appropriate living expenses for the elderly are lower, groups in which a partner also earns income, and groups who had amply prepared for their expected living expenses in later life. Regarding special occupation retirement pensions, satisfaction was high for groups over the age of 70, groups with good psychological health, and groups sufficiently prepared for their living expenses in later expenses, compared to groups for which these factors did not apply. In terms of the relative influences impacting retirement pension recipient satisfaction, satisfaction with the national pension was highest when the primary source to cover elderly living expenses was a resource other than income earned by the recipient and their partner and/or income received from children. Concerning special occupation retirement pensions, satisfaction was highest among those whose education terminated before middle school, and for those in good physical health. Based on the above results, it is vital that plans exist for preparing sufficiently for the living expenses of the elderly and for facilitating the physical and psychological health of pension recipients. Plans are also necessary to, ensure that citizens are provided with easily accessible educational programs and activities regarding general installment savings and deposits, stocks and bonds, real estate investments, individual retirement pensions, private insurance, severance pay pensions, and public pensions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2000

Helocobacter phylori is the major cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and a principal risk factor for gastric cancer. As the firs step towards a vaccine against H. pylori infection, Hy.pylori urease was expressed and purified as a recombinant apoenzyme (rUrease) in E. coli. In order to develop an effective immunization protocol using rUrease, the host immune responses were evaluated after the oral immunization of mice with rUrease preparations plus cholera toxin relative to various conditions, such as the physical nature of the antigen, the frequency of the booster immunization, the dose of the antigen, and the route of administration. The protective efficacy was assessed using a quantitative culture following an H. pylori SS1 challenge. It was demonstrated that rUrease, due to its particulated nature, was more superior than the UreB subunit as a vaccine antigen. The oral immunization of rUrease elicited significant systemic and secretory antibody responses, and activated predominantly Th2-type cellular responses. The bacterial colonization was significantly reduced (~100-fold) in those mice immunized with three or four weekly oran doses of rUrease plus cholera toxin (p<0.05), when compared to the non-immunized/challenged controls. The protection correlated well with the elicited secretory IgA level against rUrease, and these secretory antibody responses were highly dependent on the frequency of the booster immunization, yet unaffected by the dose of the antigen (25-200$\mu\textrm{g}$). These results demonstrate the remarkable potential of rUrease as a vaccine antigen, thereby strengthening the possibility of developing an H. pylori vaccine for humans.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to gain basic data to develop a self-care protocol for the lymphedema patients. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 115 patients with lymphedema from 8 hospitals and two community health and welfare centers in Busan and Seoul. The data was collected with questionnaire by self reporting of patients between March 2001 and December 2001. Data was analyzed by mean and percentage. Result: For self-care activities in daily life, compliance of 'use skin care preparations', 'use heat and cold', 'protect from local compression on affected limbs', 'protect from insect biting', 'use aids to protect affected limbs', 'take diuretics and take protein diet' did not reach to 50%. For self-care activities related to complex physical therapy, 28.7% of subjects complied with compression garment, 14.8% with manual lymph drainage, and 13.0% with exercise. 20.0% of subjects tried to treat with acupuncture and 13.9% with heat therapy. Conclusion: From this study, it is suggested that patients need to get a self-care education with correct information about self care activities and health care professionals need to develop more convenience self-care techniques of massage and exercise.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2019

항로표지는 선박에 대하여 등광, 형상, 색채, 음향, 전파 등을 수단으로 운항 선박에게 위치, 방향 및 장애물의 위치 등을 알려주는 항행보조시설 일체를 의미하며, 주야간 선박항행의 안전을 위한 기본 수단이다. 예인선은 안전을 위해 종류별 최소 설비요건을 마련하여 사고를 대비하고 있지만, 예인삭의 길이, 조류의 영향, 상대적으로 중량이 큰 부선의 타력으로 인한 영향 등으로 예인선과 선회권이 달라, 변침 시 부선이 예인선을 따라가지 못하여 등부표와 추돌하는 사고가 발생하기도 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 두 선박의 물리적 관계를 분석하여 예인선열을 식별하고 등부표와의 위험을 항로표지 관리운영 시스템을 통해 전파하는 기초 시스템을 제시하는데 있다. 연구를 통해 예부선의 사전 식별 가능성을 확인하였고, 위험 전파를 위한 메시지를 설계하고 모의 시스템을 통한 위험 전파 및 전자해도 상에 위험을 표시하였다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.352-373
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• 2003

Rhamnose-rich (RROP-s) and fucose-rich (FROP-s) oligo-and polysaccharides were prepared and extensively characterised by physical and chemical procedures [1,2] and compared to L-fucose. Their biological properties were then studied on human skin fibroblast cell cultures, human skin explant cultures and on hairless rat skin, using a variety of cell-biological, biochemical and computerised morphometrical procedures. Among the most important properties we could establish, the following are of particular interest for the tretment and prevention of age-dependent modifications of human skin (loss of skin-tissue, cells and matrix, wrinkle formation and others) : stimulation of cell proliferation (by $^3$[H]-thymidine incorporation and the MTT test), scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using several different procedures, and protease (MMP-2 and MMP-9) down-regulation. A topical preparation, using RROP-s and FROP-s, and/or L-fucose, was shown to increase cell proliferation, dermal matrix synthesis, efficient scavenging of ROS-s and to increase also the thickness of dermal tissue when applied for 4 weeks on hairless rat skin, accompanied by the densification of collagen bundles as well as by an increase of elastin synthesis. Using fluorescent labeled FROPs, it could be shown that these oligosaccharides react with cell-membrane receptors and especially with the elastin-laminin-receptor and the fucose-mannose receptor, but they penetrate also in the cell nucleus, suggesting the possibility of a direct action on the regulation of gene expression. When applied to the human skin of a team of voluntary women encompassing all age-groups, the efficiency of FROP-containing preparation could be confirmed using indentometry and computerised evaluation of skin micro-relief, as well as evaluation of periorbital wrinkles. It appears therefore that these preparations correspond to all the requirements of active anti-aging principles.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.840-846
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• 2017

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size. Coarse ($Dv_{50}=259.3{\pm}0.6{\mu}m$), fine ($Dv_{50}=91.5{\pm}0.5{\mu}m$), and superfine ($Dv_{50}=3.7{\pm}0.2{\mu}m$) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5% superfine DSF showed the lowest cooking loss among the treatment groups (p<0.05). The patties with superfine DSF also retained the texture profile values of the control patties in terms of hardness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness, while the addition of coarse and fine DSF increased the hardness and chewiness significantly (p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05). Although the overall acceptability of the patties made with coarse and fine DSF was poor, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2009

폴리올레핀은 뛰어난 물성과 낮은 가격으로 인하여 가장 큰 시장을 가진 범용 고분자이다. 그러나, 폴리올레핀은 대표적인 비극성 고분자로, 다른 물질과의 상호 작용이 중요한 상용화제, 개질제, 접착제 등의 용도로는 그 사용이 제한될 수 밖에 없다. 따라서, 보다 극성을 가진 고분자 사슬을 폴리올레핀에 블록 또는 그라프트 공중합체의 형태로도입함으로써 기능성 폴리올레핀 하이브리드를 제조하려는 노력이 계속되어 왔다. 특히, 잘 제어된 구조와 조성을 가진 공중합체를 제조하기 위하여 리빙라디칼 중합법이 사용될 수 있으며, 그 중 조절라디칼 중합법은 중합을 잘 제어할 수 있다는 장점 이외에 다양한 단량체종과 중합 공정에 적용될 수 있다는 점에서 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 리뷰 논문에서는 조절라디칼 중합법을 이용한 폴리올레핀 기반 블록 또는 그라프트 공중합체의 제조에 대하여 정리해 보았다. 폴리이소부틸렌, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌 등의 비극성 범용고분자들과 폴리아크릴레이트, 폴리메타아크릴레이트, 폴리스티렌 등의 극성 고분자들과의 하이브리드를 통한 기능성 폴리올레핀의 제조에 대하여 정리하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2013

폴리올레핀은 광범위한 분야에서 이용되는 범용성 고분자로 물성이 우수하고 가격경쟁력이 높기 때문에 오랜 시간 동안 산업적 요구에 따라 발전하여 왔다. 그러나 폴리올레핀은 비극성 재료로서 다른 물질과의 상호 작용이 부족하기 때문에 그 용도가 제한되고 있다. 따라서 폴리올레핀 사슬에 극성기를 도입함으로써 그 응용 분야를 확장하기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있다. 폴리올레핀에 기능성을 부여하기 위하여 블록 공중합체 및 그라프트 공중합체로 대표되는 분절 공중합체를 합성할 수 있으며, 이러한 공중합체는 폴리올레핀 고유의 물성 손실을 최소화함과 동시에 기능성을 부여할 수 있다는 점에서 주목 받고 있다. 또한 리빙 라디칼 중합법을 이용하면 잘 제어된 구조와 조성을 가지는 공중합체를 제조할 수 있으며, 다양한 중합공정에 적용될 수 있다. 이에 따라, 본 리뷰에서는 리빙 라디칼 중합법을 이용한 폴리올레핀 기반 블록 또는 그라프트 공중합체의 제조 예들에 대하여 정리해 보았다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
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• pp.11-18
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• 1988

인삼 추출물의 피부도말에 의한 미용효과는 거의 연구된 바 없다. 미용에 관한 문헌을 고찰해 보아도, 늘어지거나 주름진 피부를 활성화 시켜주고, 건성이나 유성피부에 바람직한 효과가 있다고 강조한 연구결과는 거의 없다. 인삼의 지용성추출물 제제 몇가지가 피부내성에 관하여 설명된 것이 없는 반면 노화된 피부에 관한 주제로 피부에 영향을 준다는 효과는 관찰되어 지고 있다. 본 연구는 "Phytosome" 라고 명명한 인삼 사포닌과 인지질의 물리화학적 상호작용에 의하여 얻어진 특정 추출 유도체의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 이 복합물들은 NMR spectroscopy와 electron-microscopy로 확인되었다. 더욱이 이들은 새롭고 안정하며 수성 liposome 형태구조안에 수성미세분산형이다. 이 화합물들의 미용효과는 노화피부에 대한 영향과 피부층의 수화능력과 피부탄력성을 연구하기 위하여 corneometry elastometry를 이용하여 실험하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1317-1325
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• 2008

Viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparations of plasma-derived pharmaceuticals. One potential way to increase the safety of therapeutic biological products is the use of a virus-retentive filter. In order to increase the viral safety of human antihemophilic factor IX, particularly in regard to non-enveloped viruses, a virus removal process using a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (Viresolve NFP) has been optimized. The most critical factor affecting the filtration efficiency was operating pH and the optimum pH was 6 or 7. Flow rate increased with increasing operating pressure and temperature. Recovery yield in the optimized production-scale process was 96%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the filtered factor IX in comparison with those before filtration. A 47-mm disk membrane filter was used to simulate the process performance of the production-scale cartridges and to test if it could remove several experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including human hepatitis A virus (HAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpes virus (BHV). Non-enveloped viruses (HAV, PPV, and EMCV) as well as enveloped viruses (HIV, BVDV, and BHV) were completely removed during filtration. The log reduction factors achieved were $\geq$6.12 for HAV, $\geq$4.28 for PPV, $\geq$5.33 for EMCV, $\geq$5.51 for HIV, $\geq$5.17 for BVDV, and $\geq$5.75 for BHV. These results indicate that the virus filtration process successfully improved the viral safety of factor IX.