• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2024

In this study, the most suitable sampling methods for the bimodal mass distribution characteristics and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols were investigated. Samples collected in Quartz, Teflon, and Nuclepore filters were analyzed for individual particles using scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS). Then, the pore diameter of the filter and the collection flow rate were determined using the theoretical collection efficiency calculation formula for two-stage separation sample collection of coarse and fine particles. The Nuclepore filter was found to be the most suitable filter for identifying the physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols since it was able to separate the sample and count the different sized particles better than either Quartz or Teflon. Nuclepore filters with 8.0 ㎛ and 0.4 ㎛ pores were connected in series and exposed to a flow rate of 16.7 L/min for two-stage separation sampling. The results show that it is possible to separate and collect both coarse and fine particles. We expect that the proposed methodology will be used for future individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols and related research.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2024

The oriental melon poses challenges in terms of long-term storage and distribution. Addressing these issues requires an extension of the storage life through appropriate processing. In this study, pretreated hot-air dried oriental melon slices (steamed and freeze-thawed) were prepared, and their physicochemical and organoleptic properties were examined. The control group (CON) consisted of hot-air dried oriental melon slices without pretreatment, while the steamed group (STG) and freeze-thawed group (FTG) consisted of hot-air dried oriental melon slices pretreated using steaming and freeze-thawing methods, respectively. The moisture contents detected in the CON, STG, and FTG groups ranged from 15.96% to 27.30%, with variations of 7.53 to 8.40 °Brix for the soluble solid contents. The CON group showed the highest Hunter color value for lightness (L^*) and the lowest value for redness (a^*). The texture profile analysis revealed the highest hardness and chewiness in the order of STG > CON > FTG. Considerable differences were observed in springiness and adhesiveness in the FTG group compared to the other groups. The organoleptic evaluation showed that the CON group had the highest sensory scores for overall preference. These findings indicate that the properties of hot-air dried oriental melon slices were influenced by physical pretreatments and that manufacturing these slices without pretreatment is the most effective method in terms of processing simplicity and cost efficiency.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2021

With the development of advanced information and communication technology, Generation Z, familiar with digital culture, is drawing keen attention as a major consumer of the fashion industry. In this study, casual wear for Generation Z, who is proficient in digital devices and prefers information acquisition and lifestyle over the Internet, was designed using 3D virtual simulation and developed into four looks: Gulish, Sportive, Easy and Contemporary. The use of simulation of 3D virtual clothing in costume design can build digitalization of future fashion industry through convergence with digital fashion design planning and production process in fandemic environment and strengthen online platform distribution. In a business environment that continues to innovate to enhance work efficiency by introducing an Untouch fashion production system, the use of 3D virtual clothing technology can increase the efficiency of sustainable management through 3D sample production, online fitting, modification, and final critic processes to reduce the time and cost of human and physical resources and review.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to survey fundamental limitations and problems of sports event hosting from the critical point of view and to set future-oriented perspective. The reason and legitimacy for hosting sports event have come from pragmatism based on ideological logic behind politics. Thus, the flow of advanced studies was mostly limited to the category of efficiency. However, there is fundamental limitation in sports even hosting in terms of its financial expectation and efficiency. Critical approach will contribute to minimizing side effects caused from blind acceptance through awakening dispassionate and realistic judgment. In addition, rational selection of sports even hosting can be achieved through interconnection of sports culturism's directivity as an advanced sense of sports culture, integrated perspective that penetrates problems of growth and distribution and local governance as apolitical philosophy, and of course, through concentration of energy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

The traditional market in the nation was forced to decrease greatly users as well as sales because of opening of all of the markets, Internet shopping mall, home shopping and other new types of marketing businesses to lose market functions remarkably. Therefore, the Agency for Traditional Market Administration of Small & Medium Business Administration made efforts to develop traditional market, for instance, modernization of the facilities to improve physical environment, and improvement of each shop by using VMD, and so on. The purpose of the study was to examine efficiency of VMD shops for development of traditional market by the Agency for Traditional Market Administration and effects of VMD upon sales of each shop, and to help establish VMD strategies for customer satisfactions as well as visual environment of traditional market. The author visited five shops at Busan Jin Market, special market of articles for wedding ceremony that joined VMD shop guide of traditional market, and taught VMD on-the-spot and investigated it. Questionnaire of Agency for Traditional Market Administration was used to interview shop owners, shopkeepers and consumers, etc and to examine factors of changes of sales and customers' satisfactions before and after VMD. The purpose of the study was to investigate effects and satisfactions of increase of the sales of VMD shop guide that the government promoted to develop traditional market so far. Therefore, the author investigated VMD presentation, increase of the sales before and after VMD presentation, increase of number of customers, and satisfactions, etc of Korean clothes shops that joined improvement of VMD shop guide of traditional market of the government in 2010. The author investigated effects of the sales, increase of customers and satisfactions, etc by case study and empirical analysis, and she presented user-oriented VMD presentation techniques of traditional market and suggested improvement. After applying VMD, the shops could increase sales more than 20 percent in average, and satisfaction of VMD presentation was more than 88 points or more to be very much high. This study suggested VMD strategies and presentation of traditional market to give consumers affirmative visual images and to develop traditional market.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.139-162
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• 2017

Museums contain a significant meaning as a place that reflects empirical knowledge that have been accumulated socially and scientifically in overall life of the public and provides the opportunity to enjoy prestigious culture, while serving as the extended place of education. The first objective of this study is to increase the accessibility of general public through the development of online museum programs as service contents and to present the ultimate direction the development of in art appreciation contents that can effectively expand the infrastructure of culture and art. Second, the effectiveness of online art appreciation programs by registered private museums, which continuously develop smart media-based online museum contents and systemization of archive as the distribution rate of smart devices is increased due to generalization of digital environments, was analyzed by each case to examine the objective distinctions strategies. Third, in terms of museum visitors and smart contents users, this study examines the expected effects of popular distribution by seeking various ways that can enhance the desired exhibit appreciation and autonomous utilization of educational programs, while not being restricted by the physical accessibility and limitation of space at the museums. The subjects of this study included cases of BoroomSan Museum, Savina Museum of Contemporary Art, Imageroot, Sangwon Museum of Art, Hello Museum, etc. and the online smarts contents art appreciation educational programs by registered private museums were analyzed. Results expected to achieve from such processes are as follows. First, the possibility to expand cultural participation in museum exhibition appreciation and museum education infrastructure became widen. Second, the educational program resources can be utilized as the culture and art asset that strengthens the museums' responsibilities in their social role. Third, museum archive can be constructed in more systematic way, and the efficiency of museum archive system can be enhanced to maintain the museum collection database in a consistent format. Fourth, the museum's smart contents users' continued access to museum's online contents may induce the exhibition effect of the site and voluntary participation in education, and can also expect an economic synergy effect as the users become potential visitors that may actually visit the museum in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Cultivation of winter cover crops is strongly recommended to increase land utilization efficiency, animal feeding material self-production, and to improve soil and environmental quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four major winter crops (barley, Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch, and rye) having different C/N ratio were seeded in silt loam paddy soil in the November 2007 and the aboveground biomass was harvested on the late May 2008 to evaluate its effectiveness as green manure, and root biomass distribution was characterized at the different depth (0-60 cm) to study its effect on physical properties and carbon sequestration in soil. During this experiment, the naturally growing weed in the rice paddy soil in Korea, short awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol), was considered as control treatment. Above-ground biomass of all cover crops selected was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (2.8 Mg/ha). Comparatively higher above-ground biomass productivity of rye and barley (15.8 and 13.5 Mg/ha, respectively) suggested that these cover crops possibly had the highest potential as a green manure and animal feeding material. Root biomass production of different cover crops followed the same trend as that for their above ground biomass. Rye (Secale cereal) might have the highest potential for soil C accumulation (7893 C kg/ha) by root biomass development, and then followed by barley (6985 C kg/ha), hairy vetch (6467 C kg/ha), Chinese milk vetch (6671 C kg/ha), and control (5791 C kg/ha). CONCLUSION(s): Cover crops like rye and barley having high biomass productivity might be the most effective winter cover crops to increase organic carbon distribution in different soil aggregates which might be beneficial to improve soil structure, aeration etc. and C sequestration.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-82
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the general problems of school food service and to explore a way to improve it, by examining elementary school teacher's consciousness and attitude toward it that gave a big impact on children's development of food habit. For attaining the purpose, the following research questions were posed : 1) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service management? 2) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service effect on children? 3) What's elementary school teacher opinion about how to develop school food service? The subjects of study were 328 male or female teachers who served at elementary school in urban and rural area, including eup, myon, or farming and fishing villages, Kyonggi province. A questionnaire survey was conducted over them. The conclusions were as follows: 1) Teacher Attitude Toward School Food Service Management Concerning food service place, the subjects were more satisfied at food service room(73.3%) than at classroom(23.0%). They responded that food service room was more effective, than classroom, for food transportation, distribution and post-arrangement. Their satisfaction at food service place was significantly different. The older teachers considered personnel management and cooking room's sanitary management to be more efficient, and their age made a significant difference to their consciousness of these things. Many teachers(63.1%) thought the measures to prevent and manage group food poisoning were relatively efficient. The male teachers expressed more affirmative view on the efficiency of school food expense management and menu preparation than female teachers, and there was a significant disparity between male and female teachers. 2) Elementary School Food Service Effect School food service was thought to be very effective for physical growth(74.1%) and physical strength improvement(70.1%). Teachers at smaller school revealed more affirmative response toward school food service effect on correcting an unbalanced diet, and older teachers considered its effect on nutrition knowledge acquisition and learning outcome to be more great. Teachers at larger school put less value on its effect on table manners, and school size produced a significant difference. The number of teachers who thought school food service generally raised parent concern and support for school(36.6%) was a little more than that of teachers who didn't think so(15.2%). And the number of teachers who didn't consider its effect on improving parent food life to be good(29.3%) was slightly more than that of teachers who did. 3) School Food Service Reform Measure What's most urgently needed for better school food service management appeared to be an expansion of facilities concerned, followed by more effective food distribution and transport, cooking room's better sanitary management, more successful food poisoning prevention and management, more effective food expense management, and an increase of food service personnel in the order named. The most effective means of school food service education was found to be a creation of link system to family, followed by a development of school food service education program, a development of teaching materials, an insertion of school food service in curriculum, and teacher education in the order named.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

The increase of international and domestic trade according to global industrialization and economic growth has raised the national logistic cost in connection with physical distribution of articles. In order to reduce these costs and rise up national industrial competitiveness, Korea has also tried to improve the efficiency of logistics with various methods as advanced countries did. Especially, Korea government has decided standard dimension of pallets with T11 ($1100{\times}1100mm$) on the basis of unit load system in early 2000s, and certification program for logistics equipments has been operated to keep up the compatibility for the equipments and packaging with modulation of T11. Consequently, this certification program has contributed to extend standardization for logistics and to grow up 3 party logistics, but compared with advanced countries, the rate of national logistics cost to GDP (gross domestic product) still shows about 3% gap as demands for certification have been decreased in the recent. In this study, therefore, we proposed the development of logistics certification system based on social needs as a policy device to activate logistic industry as well as improve the efficiency of national logistics after we had analyzed all of certification programs for logistics being run in Korea. Namely, the first is the development of certification project for Northeast Asia's logistics corresponding to necessity for applying returnable transport system according to increasing the amount of trade between Northeast Asia's countries. The second is the development of certification project for safe transportation of packaging corresponding to costumer's needs for safe transit according to the growth of electronic commerce and the increase of global distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.479-486
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• 2003

In this study, poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with water-insoluble vitamins such as vitamin A (Retinol) and vitamin E acetate were prepared by the emulsification diffusion method. Polymer solution was prepared by the two water-miscible organic solvent, such as ethanol and acetone. Because of its biocompatible property, polyethyleneglycol-polypropyleneglycol diblock copolymer was used as surfactant and stabilizer. The influence of some preparative variables on the nanoparticle formation and on the loading efficiency of active agents, such as the type and concentration of stabilizing agent, the stirring methods, the water/oil phase ratio and the polymer concentration were investigated in order to control and optimize the process. After preparation of nanoparticles loaded with active agent, particle size and distribution were evaluated by the light scattering particle analyzer. The loading efficiency of active agents was evaluated by the UV-visible spectroscopy. As the results, particle size were 50-200 nm and dispersibility was monodisperse. The optimum loading efficiency of active agents was observed 50-60%. It was found that the appropriate of selections of binary solvent mixtures and polymeric concentrations in both organic and aqueous phases could provide good yield and favorable physical properties of PLGA nanoparticles.