• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this research is to provide base line data on Korea Baseball rehabilitation treatment by presenting the distribution of upper extremity surgeries according the surgical sites of Korean professional baseball players. Methods: The targets of this research are 561 players from nine Korean baseball clubs. The number of players that have undergone surgery was investigated. In other words, the frequency of shoulder joint surgeries, elbow joint surgeries, and wrist and hand surgeries per each baseball club was investigated. Results: The number of the players who have had surgeries was 151, but among the players, there were some who have had repeated surgeries for which the total number of surgery experience was 162. The result showed that elbow joint surgeries were the most frequently enacted, followed by shoulder joint surgeries, and wrist and hand surgeries. From the nine clubs, Samsung was the club with the highest frequency of surgeries. Conclusions: This research shows that Korean professional baseball players need special training centers with systematic rehabilitation programs. Another conclusion suggests that urgent need for rehabilitation program of upper arm which particularly focused on elbow joint is existing. On the basis of this research, we expect more studies on the specific rehabilitation programs which is categorized by injury areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the distribution of foot pressure, knee and ankle joint angle between treadmill walking and ground walking in normal person. Methods : 18 Person of subject has participated this study, let subject to walk in ground and treadmill in order to gain data of foot distribution and knee, ankle joint angle using by parotec system. and Dartfish system. Walking velocity was constrained by 2Km/h and more 10sec. Date analysis was used by paired-t test using SPSS/PC statistical programs for window. Results : Result show that total contact times has shown symmetry between both legs, and more increase of left foot pressure in treadmill walking. Foot pressure of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in right hind foot and fore foot and hallux area. The ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase. Conclusion : Results of this study show that foot pressure of treadmill walking was more decreased than ground walking in right hind foot and fore foot, hallux area. And the ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1027-1036
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• 1997

The reology and several physical properties of cements are studied by varying the different mineral composition and particle size distribution(PSD) of cements with closed circuit ball mill for high workability, low heat of hydration, and high strength. In this study, we found that the workability of concretes is related to the viscosity of cement, and affects to strength. Here, this workability is affected by mineral composition (C3A) and the PSD. Especially, rosin-rammer index and 44${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ residue in the PSD of cements are affected to water demand, casting property, slump loss, strength of cements. From the above results, the conditions of cement for high workability, low heat of hydration and high strength are to use low C3A clinker, 5-10% slag addition, and to grind cement below 0.7 rosin-rammer index, above 3.5-4.5% 44 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ residue, 4000$\pm$100 $\textrm{cm}^2$/g blaine. Such cements are, therefore, supurior to super low heat cement and slag-blended cement in comparing the physical properties of strength, slump, slump-flow, adiabetic temperature, etc.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 1994

Nitrous Oxide( NaO), one of the green house gases, is not confirmed it's sources, sinl life time in the atmosphere clearly so far, In this paper, the emission sources physical characteristics, concentration in the air, monitoring method and distribution for the global warming gas were summarized.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.5A no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2005

This paper presents the design and development of a scaled down physical model for power Distribution Automation (DA) system simulation. The developed DA system simulator is useful in providing hands-on experience to utility engineers / managers to familiarize with the DA system and gain confidence in managing the power distribution system from the computer aided distribution control center. The distribution automation system simulator can be effectively used to carry out further research work in this area. This also helps the undergraduate and graduate students to understands the power distribution automation technology in the laboratory environment. The developed DA simulator has become an integral part of a distribution automation lab in the Electrical Engineering Department at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in India.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

USGA green specification is currently accepted in construction method of Korea. This study was carried out to find the factors influencing growth of turfgrass associated with soil physical properties of soil root-zone on golf green constructed with USGA method. Three putting greens in poor turfgrass and one in good turfgrass condition were selected for investigation on one golf course site at mid-South Korean peninsula. Soil hardness, moisture content, root length, and turf density were measured on-site greens, and soil physical properties and soil chemical properties also analyzed in laboratory. As a result of on-site surveys and soil physical tests in laboratory, soil physical properties were most important factors which influenced on turfgrass growth at tested greens. The results of soil particle analysis on green No. 2, in good turf condition, matched USGA sand particle recommendations. But those greens such as Nos. 1, 11 and 16, in poor putting greens, showed high soil compaction and improper soil particle distribution. Those factors created low leaf density, poor root depth, and higher moisture content compared with lower part of topsoil. Such phenomena caused inadequate turfgrass growth with soil hardening associated with poor drainage. Therefore, declines of soil physical properties associated with improper particle distribution caused a major factor influencing on turfgrass growth in golf green. Adequate test of soil particle analysis by USGA specification and proper construction method followed by adequate turf maintenance should be performed to obtain optimal turf quality on putting green.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.1-4
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• 1991

Relationship between againg and characteristic change of asphalt is not well known through asphalt rheolopy. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate characteristic change of asphalt cement due to againg based on experimental results of chromatogram and selected physical properties. Currently, three virgin asphalt cements were tested for physical properties and chromatograms before and after artificially conditioning for againg. Results in the current study showed that againg caused significant changes of physical properties and increase of larger size molecules and approximately corresponding reduction of smaller size molecule in asphalt cement molecular size distribution.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 1991

Effects of forced physical exercise on the CCl4 hepatotoxicity were examined in adult female rats. Rats were treated with CCl4 (2 mmol/kg, ip) and introduced into a cylindrical cage rotating at 9 rpm for 20 min/hr for 6 hr. Eighteen hr following the termination of exercise serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were determined as parameters for hepatotoxicity. Physical exercise inhibited the $CCI_{4-}$induced increases in SDH, GOT, GPT activity, and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were determined as parameters for hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.519-525
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• 2019

Objective : The circadian pattern of the onset time of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has been reported by various authors. However, the effect of the degree of physical exertion on the circadian pattern has not been studied in detail. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effect of physical exertion on the circadian pattern of aSAH. Methods : Of the 335 patients presenting with aSAH from January 2012 to December 2017, 234 patients with identifiable onset time and metabolic equivalent (MET) values were enrolled. The onset time of aSAH was divided into 4-hour intervals. The patient's physical exertion was then assessed on a scale between 1 and 8 METs using generally accepted MET values, and categorized into two groups-light exertion (1 to 4 METs) and moderate to heavy exertion (5 to 8 METs)-to determine the effect of the degree of physical exertion on the onset time distribution of aSAH. Multivariate analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) between the two groups to determine the effect of the degree of physical exertion on each set of time periods. Results : There was a definite bimodal onset pattern that peaked at 08:00-12:00 hours followed by 16:00-20:00 hours (p<0.001). MET values at all time intervals were found to be significantly higher than the night time (00:00-04:00 hours) values (p<0.031). The MET value distribution showed a unimodal pattern that slightly differed from the bimodal distribution of the onset time of aSAH. There were no significant differences in the ORs of each time interval according to the degree of the MET value. Conclusion : This study reaffirmed that aSAH occurs in a bimodal pattern, especially showing the highest prevalence in the morning. Although aSAH could be related to daily activity, there were no significant changes in diurnal variations affected by the degree of physical exertion.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.53-61
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• 2014

Purpose - This study focuses on "large-scale marts," which is a typical discount-based retail channel (hereinafter, DRC), and provides practical managerial implications by applying the KD-SQS service quality factor based on customers' experiential perspective by developing and applying existing service measures. Research design, data, and methodology - The research subjects include adults who have experienced "large-scale marts." The research involved SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 19.0 packages; path analysis is used to analyze structural relationships. Results - First, physical aspects, human interaction, and additional convenience aspects of service quality have statistically significant influence on service value. Second, physical aspects, human interaction, and policy have statistically influence on store loyalty. Third, service value influences store loyalty. Fourth, service guarantee adjusts the relationship between service quality, service value, and store loyalty in terms of human interaction and policy. Conclusion - Among service quality measures, improving service value through personal service needs to be prioritized, while we need to develop different methods for the service guarantee system to effectively influence service value and store loyalty.