• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2003

Balanced intake of appropriate nutrients is the key to sustaining and promoting health as well as preventing and treating diseases. It is not always easy, however, to take balanced nutrition and various related factors must be taken into consideration. This report provides a summary of studies that have examined the nutrient intakes of Japanese middle-aged men and the relationship of this intake to drinking, job-related separation from families, and health practices. The alcohol consumption of Japanese middle-aged men has more than tripled in the last forty years. When nutrient intake was examined in relation to alcohol consumption, it was discovered that the maximum acceptable alcohol consumption was approximately 23 grams (about two drinks) of pure alcohol, provided the level of nutrient intake for drinkers was equal to that of non-drinkers. The alcohol energy ratio was approximately 5％. It was also discovered that middle-aged men's eating habits deteriorate when they relocate to new posts without their families and live by themselves. Compared to those living with their families, a higher proportion of those living alone have unfavorable eating habits including skipping breakfast or lunch, having a late lunch, and eating and drinking after dinner until bedtime. When Breslow's seven health practices, nutrient intake, and consumption weight by food group were examined, it was discovered that the group that had many beneficial eating and living habits consumed plenty of legume, pulses, fruit, green yellow vegetables and milk products. Their intake of vitamins and minerals was high and the results of a physical examination proved to be excellent. According to nutrition surveys conducted in Japan, China, the United Kingdom and the United States using a 24-hour recall method with common protocols and strict controls to ensure high levels of accuracy and cross-study validity, the Japanese had the highest cholesterol intake and the lowest dietary fiber intake among the four countries. Also, the alcohol energy ratio of the Japanese exceeded 8％, the highest among the four countries, while their intake of magnesium and iron was the lowest These results indicate that it is necessary to enhance nutritional education for middle-aged men and to reinforce the social environments in which they live and work in order to promote proper diet and nutrition in Japan. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 105-111, 2003)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권12호
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• pp.520-525
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• 2014

Purpose: Childhood obesity is an increasing public health issue worldwide. We examined dietary patterns among adolescents in a dormitory school, identified obese adolescents and tried to intervene to improve food habits and physical activity. Methods: We conducted an experimental prospective longitudinal study based on 36 obese (body mass index $[BMI]{\geq}95th$ percentile) adolescents (aged 12-18 years) compared with controls (healthy children: normal age-appropriate BMI ($BMI{\leq}85th$ percentile). Six months' intervention included lifestyle-modification counseling (once a week by a clinical dietician), and an exercise regimen twice a week, 60 minutes each time, instructed by a professional pediatric trainer). Both groups underwent baseline measurements at the beginning of the study and 6 months later (arterial stiffness, blood pressure, pulse, weight and height, hemoglobin, creatinine, liver enzymes, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and complete lipid profile). Results: Twenty-one participants completed the study. Low compliance from participants, school staff and parents was observed (participation in planned meetings; 71%-83%). BMI significantly decreased from $32.46{\pm}3.93kg/m^2$ to $30.32{\pm}3.4kg/m^2$ (P=0.002) in the study group. Arterial stiffness was not significantly different between the 2 groups and did not change significantly after 6 months' intervention (P=0.494). No significant changes in CRP and lipid profile were observed after the intervention. Conclusion: Making lifestyle modifications among adolescents in a dormitory school is a complex task. Active intervention indeed ameliorates BMI parameters. However, in order to maximize the beneficial effects, a multidisciplinary well-trained team is needed, with emphasis on integrating parents and the school environment.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2016

실제 하천과 호소에서 적용된 상용화된 28개 조류저감기술의 현장적용 자료를 조사하고, 이를 평가(evaluation) 분석(analysis)하여 분류(classification)하였다. 분류 기준은 공법구분, 적용 수체의 유속, 적용 시점의 3가지 기준에 의해 분류하였으며, 각 조류저감기술은 경제성, 현장 적용성, 효과 지속성, 수생태 안전성을 기준으로 평가를 실시하였다. 공법 원리별로 분류시 물리적 공법이 32.2%, 화학적 공법이 25%, 생물학적 공법이 21.4%, 복합처리 공법이 21.4%를 차지하였다. 조사된 조류저감기술의 75%는 유속 0.2 m/s 이하의 정체된 호소, 저수지, 소형 하천을 대상으로 적용되었다. 가압부상장치와 컨베이어 벨트 및 탈수장치를 탑재한 이동식 녹조제거선과 광물기반 천연 부유응집제 기술이 타 기술 대비 현장 적용성은 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. 발생현장에 적합한(site-specific) 맞춤형 조류저감기술의 도입은 pilot 규모의 장 단기 운전을 통해 효율을 검증 후 최종 도입하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 회수된 조류 바이오매스를 생물 자원화를 통해 에너지 회수형 조류저감기술 등의 신속한 개발 및 보급이 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7595-7600
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We investigated possible risk factors for cervical cancer in rural areas of Wuhan China using a matched case-control study with 33 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and 132 healthy women selected from the same area as matched controls. A questionnaire, which included questions about general demography conditions, environmental and genetic factors, the first sexual intercourse, first marriage age, age at first pregnancy, pregnancy first child's age, female personal health history, social psychological factors, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol status and other living habits was presented to all participants. At the same time, HPV infection of every participant was examined in laboratory testing. Results showed HPV infection (P<0.000, OR=23.4) and pregnancy first child's age (P<0.000, OR=13.1) to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Menopause (P=0.003, OR=0.073) was a protective factor against cervical cancer. However, there was no indication of associations of environmental (drinking water, insecticide, disinfectant) genetic (cancer family history), or life-style factors (smoking status, alcohol status, physical training, sleep quality), including dietary habits (intake of fruit and vegetable, meat, fried food, bean products and pickled food) or social psychological factors with cervical cancer. The results suggest that the risk of cervical cancer in Chinese rural women may be associated with HPV infection, menopause and the pregnancy first child's age.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

PRB 공법은 지하수의 흐름을 변화시키지 않고 오염물질이 지나가는 길목에 반응물질이 삽입된 벽체를 형성함으로써 한번 설치할 경우 운용에 필요한 별도의 시설이 불필요한 경제적인 공법이다. PRB공법의 주요 지배요소는 반응벽체내 반응물질이며, 반응물질과 오염물간의 물리 화학적 특성에 따라 정화효율, 사용시간 등이 결정된다. PRB공법은 오염물의 유입 농도, 유입기간, 흡착반응물질의 특성을 종합적으로 고려한 설계가 이루어져야 높은 정화효율을 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 PRB시스템에서 구리($Cu^{2+}$)제거를 위한 흡착반응물질로 CFW를 사용할 경우 적용성 평가를 위한 컬럼실험을 실시하였다. 컬럼실험은 CFW를 반응물질로 하며 오염물의 유입속도, 밀도, PRB의 두께를 PRB의 설계에 필요한 영향인자로 선정하였다. 실험결과 PRB의 가동시간이 증가함에 따라 제거효율은 감소하였으며, PRB길이에 따라 제거효율은 선형적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 관계를 이용하여 PRB system의 반응물질 두께를 CFW 밀도, 정화기간을 고려한 제안식을 이용하여 설계할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.248-251
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• 2002

The intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with a multileaf collimator (MLC) requires the conversion of a radiation fluence map into a leaf sequence file that controls the movement of the MLC during radiation treatment of patients. Patient dose verification is clinically one of the most important parts in the treatment delivery of the radiation therapy. The three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of dose distribution delivered to the target helps to verify patient dose and to determine the physical characteristics of beams used in IMRT. A new method is presented for the pretreatment dosimetric verification of two dimensional distributions of photon intensity by means of Beam Intensity Scanner System (BISS) as a radiation detector with a custom-made software for dose calculation of fluorescence signals from scintillator. The scintillator is used to produce fluorescence from the irradiation of 6MV photons on a Varian Clinac 21EX. The BISS reproduces 3D- relative dose distribution from the digitized fluoroscopic signals obtained by digital video camera-based scintillator(DVCS) device in the IMRT. For the intensity modulated beams (IMBs), the calculations of absorbed dose are performed in absolute beam fluence profiles which are used for calculation of the patient dose distribution. The 3D-dose profiles of the IMBs with the BISS were demonstrated by relative measurements of photon beams and shown good agreement with radiographic film. The mechanical and dosimetric properties of the collimating of dynamic and/or step MLC system alter the generated intensity. This is mostly due to leaf transmission, leaf penumbra and geometry of leaves. The variations of output according to the multileaf opening during the irradiation need to be accounted for as well. These phenomena result in a fluence distribution that can be substantially different from the initial and calculative intensity modulation and therefore, should be taken into account by the treatment planning for accurate dose calculations delivered to the target volume in IMRT.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7021-7027
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• 2014

Background: The problem of cancer, especially lung cancer, is very acute in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to evaluate the risk of lung cancer among Bangladeshi people based on hereditary, socio-economic and demographic factors. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 208 people (patients-104, controls-104) from January 2012 to September 2013 using a structured questionnaire containing details of lung cancer risk factors including smoking, secondhand smoke, tobacco leaf intake, age, gender, family history, chronic lung diseases, radiotherapy in the chest area, diet, obesity, physical activity, alcohol consumption, occupation, education, and income. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypotheses were used for the analysis using SPSS software (version 20). Results: According to this study, lung cancer was more prevalent in males than females. Smoking was the highest risk factor (OR=9.707; RR=3.924; sensitivity=0.8872 and P<0.0001) followed by previous lung disease (asthma, tuberculosis etc.) (OR=7.095; RR=1.508; sensitivity=0.316 and P<0.0001)) for male patients. Highly cooked food (OR=2.485; RR=1.126; sensitivity=0.418 and P=0.004)) and also genetic inheritance (OR=1.93; RR=1.335; sensitivity=0.163 and P=0.138) demonstrated significant correlation with lung cancer as risk factors after these two and alcohol consumption was not prevalent. On the other hand, for female patients, tobacco leaf intake represented the highest risk (OR=2.00; RR=1.429; sensitivity= 0.667 and P=0.5603) while genetic inheritance and highly cooked food also correlate with lung cancer but not so significantly. Socioeconomic status and education level also play important roles in causing lung cancer. Some 78.5% male and 83.3% of female cancer patients were rural residents, while 58.2% lived at the margin or below the poverty line. Most male (39.8%) and female (50.0%) patients had completed only primary level education, and 27.6% male and 33.3% female patients were illiterate. Smoking was found to be more prevalent among the less educated persons. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study indicate the importance of creating awareness about lung cancer risk factors among Bangladeshi people and making appropriate access to health services for the illiterate, poor, rural people.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2015

Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates that provides protection from pathogenic infection, physical damage, or UV irradiation, and controls body temperature and water content. In this study, we examined the effects of oral intake of kimchi-derived Lactobacillus plantarum K8 lysates on skin moisturizing. In an in vitro study, we observed that the hyaluronic acid content increased in HaCaT cells treated with L. plantarum K8 lysates. Oral administration of L. plantarum K8 lysates effectively attenuated the horny layer formation and decreased epidermal thickening in DNCB-treated SKH-1 hairless mice skin. The damage to barrier function was reduced after 8 weeks of oral administration of L. plantarum K8 lysates as compared with that in the atopic dermatitis mice. For the test with volunteers, we manufactured experimental candy containing 2.1% L. plantarum K8 lysates, while control candy did not contain bacterial lysate. A significant increase in hydration in the experimental candy-administered group as compared with the control candy-administered group was observed on the face after 4 and 8 weeks, and on the forearm after 4 weeks. Decreases in horny layer thickness and TEWL value were observed on the face and forearm of the experimental group. Together, the in vitro cell line and in vivo mouse studies revealed that L. plantarum K8 lysates have a moisturizing effect. A clinical research study with healthy volunteers also showed an improvement in barrier repair and function when volunteers took L. plantarum K8 lysates-containing candy. Thus, our results suggest that L. plantarum K8 lysates may help to improve skin barrier function.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2020

모기는 감염병을 매개하는 생물종으로서 인간생활에 불편을 야기하며, 교통 및 운송수단 등의 발달로 인해 새로운 질병 도입 및 질병 매개체의 확산에 대한 우려가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 환경부 토지피복지도 분류체계와 연계하여 모기가 발생 가능한 서식지 유형을 파악하고, 각각의 서식지 유형 특성에 따라 출현 가능한 모기 종류를 함께 구분하였다. 또한 모기의 생태적 특성을 고려하여, 서식지 유형별로 최적의 방제 방법을 제시하였다. 도심지역은 위생 해충의 발생원이 다양한 서식지가 분포하는 지역으로, 최소 환경 조건만 갖춰진다면 모기가 대량 발생하기 적합한 환경일 것으로 보인다. 발생원이 광범위하기 때문에 유충과 성충 방제를 같이 수행하며, 시민들을 대상으로 방제 교육이나 홍보물을 배부하여 적극적인 방제의식을 함양시키는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. 농업지역의 경우, 저수지나 늪지, 논 등의 정수역에서 모기 유충의 서식밀도가 높을 것으로 예상되어 천적생물을 이용한 생물학적 방제를 이용하면 개체수를 조절하는 데 유용할 것으로 보인다. 산림지역은 흰줄숲모기(Aedes albopictus)의 주요 서식지로서 무분별한 산림벌채를 최소화하고 인근 거주민을 대상으로 물리적 방제를 실시해야 할 것으로 판단되며, 기타지역은 수생태계를 중심으로 발생 가능한 모기 유충을 방제하기 위해 생물학적 방제와 Bti를 이용한 화학적 방제가 병행되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 서식지를 크게 4가지(도심지역, 농업지역, 산림지역, 기타지역)로 분류하여 모기에게 적합한 서식지를 고찰하였으며, 모기 서식지별로 적합한 방제법을 제시하였다. 모기의 개체수를 보다 효율적으로 조절하고, 하절기 시민들의 불편과 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 기초자료로 제공할 수 있을 것으로 전망한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.510-520
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• 2006

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between fatigue degree and Comprehensive diagnosis of Qui Xui Shui in patients with functional dyspepsia. There again, we investigated an association between scores obtained from Comprehensive diagnosis of Qui Xui Shui and state of skin sympathetic tone or cardiovascular reactivity. Methods: Subjects were 56 patients with Functional dyspepsia and 8 healthy People. Fatigue degree was assessed by questionnaires consisting of subjective complaints of fatigue. Comprehensive diagnoais of Qui Xue Shui was investigated by questionnaire and physical examination, total score and composition score were calculated from the symptom score. Skin sympathetic tone was measured by Ryodoraku Score(RS) and Cardiovascular Reactivity(CV Reactivity) was checked by Pulse diagnostic apparatus. All patients were divided into two groups by RS $40{\mu}A$(below and above) or by CV Reactivity(decreased and increased or not decreased). Results: There was highly significant correlation between Fatigue Degree and total score and each composition score of Comprehensive diagnosis of Qui Xui Shui. And total score of patients was significantly higher than that of health controls : in the patients, females than males. Significance related with the level of RS $40{\mu}Aor$ the state of CV Reactivity were not remarkable in both patients and health control group. Conclusions: Fatigue degree seems to have a special feature reflecting the state of Comprehensive Diagnosis of Qui Xui Shui in patients with functional dyspepsia.