• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2019

The number of newly constructed traditional Korean houses, i.e., Hanoks, and light-frame buildings is increasing. However, related research is limited owing to the lack of awareness regarding safety evaluations. Therefore, this study conducted an outdoor exposure test to accurately evaluate wooden constructions. Spruce, pine, and fir (SPF) material was monitored for a year, wherein the SPF material was artificially dried under 18% moisture content, and its physical properties and color differences were measured once a month. Large differences were observed in the material's weight and moisture content, which are indexes sensitive to daily range and rainfall; however, no significant difference was found for other basic properties in the pre and post test results. Herein, $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values represent color differences; these values exhibited a general decrease after the test. Such differences were attributed to the loss of lignin in the wood. The color difference value was high between the months of May and July, when the daily range and rainfall significantly fluctuated. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the $a^*$ value (redness indicator), daily range, rainfall, and ultraviolet index. The results indicated that the daily range influenced redness the most. According to the estimated regression equation, the daily range and redness are positively correlated. Based on the results, the types and influence of independent variables on color difference are expected to change as the wood's duration of outdoor exposure and the amount of data obtained both increase.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.475-484
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• 2006

In order to reveal the vertical variation of physical properties in deep-sea sediments, deep-sea sediment cores were collected at 78 stations using a multiple corer in the KR5 area, one of the Korea contract areas for manganese nodule exploration, located in the northeast equatorial Pacific. Based on the color of sediments, sampled sediment cores were characterized into three lithologic units (unit 1,2, and 3). In all sediment cores, three units appear systematically; unit 1 lies at the top of cores and unit 2 and/or unit 3 appear to underlie unit 1 or alternate with unit 3. Unit 1 layer from the top of cores shows dark grayish brown to dark brown with mean thickness of 10.2cm. Unit 2 and 3 layers show very dark brown to black color and yellowish brown to brown color, respectively. According to the physical properties of the deep-sea sediment cores, sediment column can be divided into three sections. Section A $(0{\sim}15cm)$ in subbottom depth consists mostly of unit 1. Mean values of physical properties of section B $(15{\sim}30cm)$ in subbottom depth are similar to those of section C (>30 cm) in subbottom depth. However, the physical properties of section B were more variable than those of section C because of the high activity of bioturbation in section B. These results will provide valuable information for selecting suitable sites for mining manganese nodules in the Korea contract areas.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.101-116
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• 2010

Last printing market is changing to high-quality color prints for web offset printing. But, color image reproduction based on the relative sheet-ped printing compared to the way, web offset printing are falling. Moreover, it's difficult to maintain the quality of the web offset print. The reason is the worker's decision to rely on. Therefore, the quality of prints was no difference in uniformity and objectivity. We have thought the reason, that the physical properties of inks such as fluidity, viscosity and tack. In addition, varies depending on the physical properties of paper, such as thickness, smoothness, roughness and porosity. Therefore, we studied the properties of ink and paper on the relations between the properties used IGT printability tester. This study of domestic web offset printing inks and papers on the relationship between physical properties and printability were studied. So, to improve printability will be used as the basis resources for web offset printing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.271-276
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between sound color and physical propertiessuiting fabrics. Rustling sounds of 23 suiting fabrics by sound generator developed for this study were recorded and analysed through FFT analysis. Three sound color factor(ΔL Δf. LPT) were obtained.Physical properties of specimens were measured by KES-FB. Level range(L) showed significant correlation with tensile resilience(RT) and thickness (T). Frequency difference(Δf) showed significant correlation with tensile linearity(LT), shear properties(G, 2HG, 2HG5), compressional energy(WC), and weight(W). Total sound pressure (LPT) showed significant correlation with elongation at maximum load (EM), tensile linearity(LY), and tesile energy(WT). By stepwise regression LPT was found to be explained by EM, MIU, RC, LT significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.609-609
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• 1998

This paper surveys the effect of rice straw ash solution to the physical properties of Sappan Wood dyeing fabrics. In the quantitative analysis of rice straw ash solution, the quantities of absorbed ingredients in fabrics were increased by bath pull treatment but the amount of absorption(K/S value) was increased by bath pH4.5 treatment. This is related to the metal ion. Among the metal ion, effect of Fe iou and Al ion were related. In case added extracted dye solution to mordants, the color dye solution became dark and increased reddish. The changes of mechanical properties of fabrics tensile resilience, bending rigidity(B), compressional resilience(RC) were increased. Generally mechanical properties were increased by rice straw ash solution treatment, specially bath pH9 treatment. Rice straw ash solution treatment of dyeing fabrics made the improvement in tensile strength and elongation and in the amount of absorption, dye ability, color fastness, mechanical properties, tensile strength, elongation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.699-705
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• 1998

This paper surveys the effect of rice straw ash solution to the physical properties of Sappan Wood dyeing fabrics. In the quantitative analysis of rice straw ash solution, the quantities of absorbed ingredients in fabrics were increased by bath pull treatment but the amount of absorption(K/S value) was increased by bath pH4.5 treatment. This is related to the metal ion. Among the metal ion, effect of Fe iou and Al ion were related. In case added extracted dye solution to mordants, the color dye solution became dark and increased reddish. The changes of mechanical properties of fabrics tensile resilience, bending rigidity(B), compressional resilience(RC) were increased. Generally mechanical properties were increased by rice straw ash solution treatment, specially bath pH9 treatment. Rice straw ash solution treatment of dyeing fabrics made the improvement in tensile strength and elongation and in the amount of absorption, dye ability, color fastness, mechanical properties, tensile strength, elongation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2022

Wood from tropical plantation forests has lower physical and mechanical properties than mature wood. Furfuryl alcohol (FA) impregnation into the wood could help to enhance hydrophobic properties, dimensional stability, and structural strength. Furfurylation was applied to specimens of the following four fast-growing tropical wood species: jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), sengon (Falcataria moluccana), mangium (Acacia mangium), and pine (Pinus merkusii). The discoloration and physical and mechanical properties were subsequently measured, and the results showed that furfurylated wood had a darker color and better physical and mechanical properties than untreated wood. Specifically, the furfurylated wood had higher density, modulus of elasticity, and hardness and lower moisture content, water absorption, swelling, and shrinkage. The furfurylation significantly enhanced physical and mechanical properties.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.27
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• pp.145-163
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• 2006

This study is to be investigated through firing experiment in studio in order to reveal a physical properties of celadon according to change firing temperature. The results can be briefly summarized as below; Firstly, in measurement of color chromaticity, samples of first firing in body were effective in differentiating of changed color in samples from each other but there of second firing were not. The color of the glaze was more effective change than that of the body. Secondly, bulk density of body was increased with temperature and it was attained highest point in $1200^{\circ}C$ Additionally, water absorption ratio was most rapidly changed between $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1200^{\circ}C$Thirdly, in the microstructural analysis, body of samples in first firing have not specific characteristics in the changed patterns of microstructure. body and glaze of samples in second firing have many that. Consequently, we knew that this experiment can be provided researcher with physical properties and firing mechanisms of celadon.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.746-750
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• 2005

This paper describes image processing techniques that can detect, segment, and analyze the mango's physical properties such as size, shape, surface area, and color from images. First, images of mangoes taken by a digital camera are analyzed and segmented. The segmentation is done based on constructed hue model of the sample mangoes. Some morphological and filtering techniques are then applied to clean noises before fitting spline curve on the mango boundary. From the clean segmented image, the mango projected area can be computed. The shape of the mango is then analyzed using some structuring models. Color is also spatially analyzed and indexed in the database for future classification. To obtain the surface area, the mango is peeled. The scanned image of its peels is then segmented and filtered using similar approach. With calibration parameters, the surface area could then be computed. We employed the system to evaluate physical properties of a mango cultivar called "Nam Dokmai". There were sixty mango samples in three various sizes graded by an experienced farmer's eyes and hands. The results show the techniques could be a good alternative and more feasible method for grading mango comparing to human's manual grading.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 2004

[ $TiO_2$ ] contents in yarns can influence color yield so that dyeing quality of industrial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns can be improved through the adjustment of $TiO_2$ contents. To evaluate the dyeing performance of color yield, the chips which included the different $TiO_2$ contents of 330,550, and 1,100 ppm respectively were used to produce the yarns of different $TiO_2$ content by a spin-draft machine. The physical and structural properties of the yarns were measured to investigate effect of the $TiO_2$ contents on them. Dye uptake and dyeing rate were also evaluated using a colorimeter to compare the yarns having different TiOz contents. The experimental results showed that there were no appreciable variation in physical and structural properties among the yarn samples and no difference were observed among the dyed fabric samples with regard to dyeing uptake and dyeing rate. However, the color yield of dyed fabrics increased as $TiO_2$ contents decreased in the yarns especially when the fabric samples were dyed to pale shade. The physical reasoning could be proposed on why the yarns having low $TiO_2$ contents appeared to have higher color yield after dyeing.