• 제목/요약/키워드: Physical and chemical properties

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부산시 장산습지 토양의 물리적 및 화학적 특성 (Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in Jang-San Wetland, Busan Metropolitan City)

  • 차은지;함세영;김현지;이정환;옥순일
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제19권11호
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    • pp.1363-1374
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    • 2010
  • This study examined the physical and chemical properties of soil in Jang-San wetland in Busan Metropolitan City. The wetland covers wide and flat area comparing to its outside. The samples of the wetland soil were collected and analyzed in order to identify the profiles and chemical properties. According to the analyses of soil moisture and particle size distribution, the wetland soil mostly belongs to sandy loam with the soil moistures of 14.9-153.2%. The soil profiles are configured with O, A, B, and C horizons from the land surface. The organic matter content (2.38-16.7%) at most sampling locations decreases downwardly with the highest at 0-20 cm depth. The organic matter content has a good positive relationship with soil moisture content. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the wetland soils contain quartz and feldspar (the main components of rhyolite porphyry) as well as montmorillonite, gibbsite, and kaolinite (the weathered products of feldspar). The wetland soil displays the highest iron concentration (average 22,052 mg/kg), indicating oxidation of iron. High concentrations of potassium (average 17,822 mg/kg) and sodium (average 5,394 mg/kg) originate from the weathering of feldspar. Among anions, sulfate concentration is highest with average 9.21 mg/kg that may originate from sulfate minerals and atmosphere.

Poly(caprolactone) diol/Poly(ethylene glycol)을 기초로 한 폴리우레탄 마이크로겔의 합성 및 특성 (Preparation and Physical Properties of the Polyurethane Microgels Based on Poly(caprolactone) diol/Poly(ethylene glycol))

  • 임정수;김공수;이무재;이영근
    • 폴리머
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2001
  • 폴리카프로락톤디올(PCD) 및 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG), 디이소시아네이트 및 1,2,6-헥산트리올을 용액중합 방법으로 반응시켜 폴리우레탄(PU) 마이크로겔을 합성하였다. PCD/PEG의 몰비가 다른 마이크로겔의 임계 겔화농도의 성질과 생성에 영향을 주는 중요한 인자임을 알았다. 디이소시아네이트, PCD/PEG의 몰비 및 PEG의 분자량을 달리하여 제조한 PU 마이크로겔의 물리적 및 열적 성질을 실험하였다. PU 마이크로겔은 300nm 이하의 다분산성 구형의 작은 입자로 분포되어 있으며, 저점도 특성을 나타내었다.

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Synthesis of Modified Silane Acrylic Resins and Their Physical Properties as Weather-Resistant Coatings

  • Yoo, Gyu-Yeol;Kim, Ji-Hyun;Park, Hong-Soo;Kim, Young-Geun;Kim, Seong-Kil
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2008
  • To prepare weather-resistant modified silane acrylic resin coatings for an architectural purpose, tetrapolymers were synthesized by radical polymerization. 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) as a silicone monomer and n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and n-butyl methacrylate as acrylic monomers were used. The composition of monomers was adjusted to fix the glass transition temperature of acrylic polymer for $20^{\circ}C$. The composition of MPTS in the synthesized polymer were varied from 10 wt% to 30 wt%. On the basis of synthesized resin amber paints were prepared and their physical properties and effects on weatherability were examined. The presence of MPTS in modified silane acrylic resins generally resulted in low molecular weight and broad molecular weight distribution, and also lowered the viscosity of the copolymers. The coated films prepared from these resins showed good and balanced properties in general. Adhesion to the substrate was outstanding in particular. Weatherability tests were carried out in three different types such as outdoor exposure, QUV, and SWO. The test results showed that the modified silane acrylic resins containing 30 wt% of MPTS had superior weathering properties.

β-NSF계와 빈졸계 계면활성제로 변성된 인조석의 물성 (A Study for the Physical Properties of Artificial Admixtured with β-NSF Base & Vinsol Base Surfactants)

  • 조헌영;박성기;서정목;김진만
    • 공업화학
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.592-598
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    • 1999
  • 건축용 외장재로 사용되는 인조석은 혼합수, 시멘트, 석분, 경량골재를 사용하여 만들어지는데, 본 연구에서는 인조석의 제조단가를 낮추고 물성을 향상시키기 위하여 ${\beta}$-NSF계 계면활성제와 빈졸계 계면활성제를 사용하였다. 본 연구를 통해 ${\beta}$-NSF계와 빈졸계 계면활성제의 최적 배합비가 1.0 wt %와 0.1 wt % 됨을 도출하였고, 새로 개발된 인조석은 기존의 인조석에 비하여 물성이 약 20 wt 증가하고, 동결융해 저항성이 300% 증가하였다. 그러나, 제조가격은 기존의 제품에 비해 30% 이상 감소된다.

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가솔린 LPG 엔진오일의 사용에 따른 물리적, 화학적 성질의 변화에 관한 연구 (A Study of the Changes in Physical and Chemical Properities of Oil Used in Gasoline and LPG Engine)

  • 강석춘;신성철;김동길;노장섭
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 1994
  • This study is concerned with the change of physical and chemical properties of the used oil in gasoline and LPG engine. The used oils of engine were sampled from dynamometer and cars. The field tests of car were done in city and on highway. The properties of oil were TAN, TBN, visocity, oxidation, ZDTP depletion factor and etc. Also the relation between the chemical change and antiwear property was studied. From the study, it was shown that the decrease of antiwear property of used oil was depended on the changes of ZDTP depletion factor as well as TAN (total acid number). Also, it was found that the oil used by LPG car was deteriorated within the shortest distance among the other gasoline cars. The antiwear property of oil decreased as the running distance increased. The gasoline engine oil drove mainly on highway was the least deteriorate of properities for the same running distance.

다공성 고분자 마이크로겔의 Bovine Serum Albumin 단백질의 흡착평형 (Adsorption Equilibrium of Bovine Serum Albumin Protein on Porous Polymer Microgels)

  • 김공수;강석호
    • 공업화학
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.311-316
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    • 1998
  • 물리 화학적인 특성이 다른 다공성 고분자 마이크로겔에 대한 bovine serum albumin (BSA-protein) 단백질의 흡착평형 특성을 연구하였다. 수용액 속에서 고분자와 단백질사이의 소수성 상호작용에 의하여 폴리부틸메타크릴레이트 (PBMA) 마이크로겔이 폴리비닐피리딘 (PVP)과 폴리아크릴로니트릴 (PAN) 마이크로겔보다 높은 흡착특성을 나타내었으며, PBMA 마이크로겔이 PVP와 PAN 마이크로겔보다 비가역적으로 흡착평형 특성을 나타내었다. 그러므로 고분자 마이크로겔의 물리적인 특성과 단백질-고분자 마이크로겔 사이의 정전기적 인력보다는 소수성 상호작용이 단백질의 흡착특성에 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 PBMA, PVP 및 PAN 마이크로겔 모두 Freundlich 흡착 등온식보다는 Langmuir 흡착 등온식에 잘 적용되었다.

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벤조산 락톤 변성폴리에스테르/HDI-Biuret에 의한 2액형 폴리우레탄 도료의 제조 및 경화거동 (Preparation and Curing Behavior of Two-Packaged Polyurethane Coatings by Benzoic Acid Lactone Modified Polyester/HDI-Biuret)

  • 서금종;권순용;박홍수
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 1998
  • Two-packaged polyurethane coatings were prepared by blending benzoic acid lactone modified polyester polyol(BLMPs) and HDI-biuret. BLMPs were synthesized by polycondensation of benzoic acid, viscosity depression component, with 1,4-butanediol, adipic acid, and polycaprolactone polyol. Kinematic viscosity of BLMP was gradually decreased with increasing benzoic acid content in BLMP. The low viscosity of modified polyester has an advantage of making a high-solid content coatings. After the film was coated with the prepared polyurethane coatings and cured at room temperature, the various physical properties were measured. They showed good physical properties such as flexibility, impact resistance, cross hatch adhesion, yellowness index, and rust resistance. These advantages are the results of introducing polycaprolactone polyol.

Surface modification of polymeric membranes for low protein binding

  • Higuchi, Akon;Tamai, Miho;Tagawa, Yoh-Ichi;Chang, Yung;Ling, Qing-Dong
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.103-120
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    • 2010
  • Surface modification of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes has been widely used to improve the protein adsorption resistance and permeation properties of hydrophobic membranes. Several surface modification methods for converting conventional membranes into low-protein-binding membranes are reviewed. They are categorized as either physical modification or chemical modification of the membrane surface. Physical modification of the membrane surface can be achieved by coating it with hydrophilic polymers, hydrophilic-hydrophobic copolymers, surfactants or proteins. Another method of physical modification is plasma treatment with gases. A hydrophilic membrane surface can be also generated during phase-inverted micro-separation during membrane formation, by blending hydrophilic or hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymers with a hydrophobic base membrane polymer. The most widely used method of chemical modification is surface grafting of a hydrophilic polymer by UV polymerization because it is the easiest method; the membranes are dipped into monomers with and without photo-initiators, then irradiated with UV. Plasma-induced polymerization of hydrophilic monomers on the surface is another popular method, and surface chemical reactions have also been developed by several researchers. Several important examples of physical and chemical modifications of membrane surfaces for low-protein-binding are summarized in this article.

신개간경사지 토양개량과 작물생육에 관한 연구 VI. 토양의 물리화학성 년차간 변화가 옥수수 청예수량에 미치는 영향 (The Soil Improvement and Plant Growth on the Newly-Reclaimed Sloped land VI. Relationship between annual change of soil phsico-chemical properties and yield of silage corn)

  • 허봉구;김무성
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.22-29
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    • 1991
  • This study was experimented to obtain the basic information on the changeable aspect and improvement of soil fertility in newly-reclaimed sloped land. Silage corn was cultivated under the six different treatments for 4 years. The relation between the amount or ratio of annual changes of soil physico-chemical properties and yield of silage corn were analyzed. Soil bulk density was decreased in 3rd year at topsoil, but that decreased in 4th year at subsoil. Soil organic matter also decreased in 2nd year at topsoil, and decreased continuously at subsoil. Bulk density and hardness of soil depths showed significant negative simple correlation with dry matter yield and cation exchange capacity showed positive. Correlation coefficient of chemical properties with dry matter yield were low. The range of annual changes of moisture percent, hardness and organic matter were wider than the other properties. The significantly different of physical properties were higher than the chemical properties, and those of topsoil were higher than subsoil. According to multiple regression between yield and physico-chemical properties of subsoil, bulk density and cation exchange capacity were in the greatest contribution at the variations, but bulk density was greatest at the ratios.

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Soil Physico-chemical Properties of Organic Grapes Farms with Different Culture Facilities and Soil Management Practices

  • Kim, Sun-Kook;Kim, Byeong-Sam;Kang, Beom-Ryong;Yang, Seung-Koo;Kim, Byeong-Ho;Kim, Hee-Kwon;Kim, Hyun-Woo;Choi, Kyeong-Ju
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제46권5호
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    • pp.399-407
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    • 2013
  • Organic grape was generally produced in rainshield or plastic greenhouse culture while most of fruits were produced in open field. But little attention has been given to soil properties with different culture facilities in organic grape cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties of organic grapes farms with different culture facilities and soil management practices. Organic fertilizer was main resource to manage soil at organic grapes farms. Organic grapes farms were applied with total amount of organic fertilizer at one time, either at basal or additional fertilization, whereas conventional grapes farms applied with split fertilization. Bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower at both rainshield and green manure-applied plastic greenhouse cultures than those at clean plastic greenhouse culture. Especially, in plastic greenhouse, sod culture with natural weed after green manure application was more effective than general sod culture in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to increase in the soils applied with green manure, and the difference of soil chemical properties were significant between rainshield and plastic greenhouse cultures. The optimum soil management was required in plastic greenhouse because pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to affect the chemical properties as well as soil physical properties extensively in plastic greenhouse. It is found that sod culture with natural weed after green manure application resulted in enhancement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil in comparison with general sod culture.