• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2003

The present studies are designed to determine whether the NMES can affect the muscle atrophy in rats following administration of steroid. Rats were divided into four groups: 1) Control group treated with administration of distilled water. 2) The group treated with administration of steroid. 3) The group treated with NMES once a day after adminstration of steroid. 4) The group treated with NMES twice a day after administration of steroid. The muscle atrophy was induced by one week administration of dexamethasone once a day by 3 mg/kg. The change in the structure of muscle fiber and the amount. of myofibril protein and gastrocnemius were determined after every week dissection of the tissues. The results were as follows; 1. The administration of steroid significantly affected the decrease in the weight, but NMES did not affect the inhibition of decrease in the weight. 2. The weight of gastrocnemius in the group once treated with NMES was changed two weeks later; similarly in the group twice treated with NMES significantly did two or three weeks later. These indicated that NMES affected the muscular activation of gastrocnemius(p<.05). 3. The changes in the amount of gastrocnemius protein by NMES might, indicate that NMES activated the capacity of synthesis of muscle fiber protein(p<.05).

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.117-124
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• 2019

When manufacturing concrete, several mineral admixture is added to improve the basic physical property and durability and to make economical concrete. Such mineral admixture includes fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, etc., and not only the studies about mixing these mineral admixtures but also the studies for the development of new materials have been steadily in progress. Recently, some researchers have found, as a part of the development of new materials, the rice straw ash can also be used as a pozzolanic material for concrete considering similar chemical properties of rice straw ash to that of rice husk ash. But there has been insufficient amount of study about it. So, this study was to investigate the possibility as mineral admixture of agriculture by-product, by analyzing properties of concretes using rice straw ash with replacement ratio in comparison with other mineral admixture. In order to measure amount of SiO2 of rice straw ash, XRF(X-ray fluorescence) analysis was tested. For the measure pozzolanic reaction of rice straw ash, pH change and color change was tested according to curing day. Also to evaluate properties of concrete using rice straw ash, slump test, air contents test and compressive strength was tested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2004

In order to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of home production porcelain insulators by change of the alumina addition amount, 360001bs ball socket type suspension insulators which were manufactured in 1989, 1995 and 2001 removed in transmission line and an experiment was performed. By the result, 8 wt.％ alumina that influences the mechanical properties and arc resistance properties in case of insulators that were manufactured in 1989 was contained, and the relative density and the fracture toughness of insulators appeared by 94.2％ and 1.4 ㎫$.$ $M^{\frac{1}{2}}$, respectively. However, 12 wt.％ alumina was contained in case of insulators that were manufactured in 1995, and the relative density and the fracture toughness of insulators appeared preferably lower by 92％ and 1.3㎫$.$ $M^{\frac{1}{2}}$, respectively. Amount of alumina was contained most by 17 wt.％ in case of insulators that were manufactured in 2001. It was confirmed that the electrical and mechanical characteristics such as the relative density and the fracture toughness appeared excellently by 96％ and 1.7㎫$.$ $m^{\frac{1}{2}}$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to search effect that GCM joint treatment gets to right and left range of motion of neck, lumbar, trunk and anke joint. Estimated body deformity using GCM body type assesment chart then measured range of motion of each region. After control group did as act freely after do experiment premeasurement control group did postmeasurement. Each region was measured by measurer who each subject person differs. Experimental group did GCM joint treatment and all measurements each region by measurer who each subject person differs three times measured. When measure with each measurement, measured after leave and walk time interval for 10 minutes. For the analysis of the resulr of experiment the results is change amount comparison increased to keep in mind except ankle joint's dorsiflexion before experiment of experimental group and control group(P<.05). Before an experiment and after an experiment of experimental group, differed to keep in mind in right and left comparison of neck rotation, dorsiflexion, plantaflexin of ankle joint in change amount comparison(P<.05). Neck lateral flexion appears and displayed significantly level right and left difference than rotation after experiment of experimental group(P<.05). Because dorsiflexion, plantefleaion of ankle joint became similar right and left significantly difference did not appear(P<.05).

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

An understanding of particle-particle interactions in filtration requires studying the detachment as well as the attachment of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles captured in a granular media filter can be released by changing the physicochemical factors. In this study, the detachment of captured silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in granular media filtration was examined under different ionic strengths, ion type, and the presence or absence of natural organic matter (NOM). Filtration velocity and ionic strength were chosen as the physical and chemical factors to cause the detachment. Increasing filtration velocity caused a negligible amount of AgNP detachment. On the other hand, lowering ionic strength showed different release amounts depending on the background ions, implying a population of loosely captured particles inside the filter bed. Overall detachment was affected by ionic strength and ion type, and to a lesser degree by NOM coating which resulted in slightly more detachment (in otherwise identical conditions) than in the absence of that coating, possibly by steric effects. The secondary energy minimum with Na ions was deeper and wider than with Ca ions, probably due to the lack of complexation with citrate and charge neutralization that would be caused by Ca ions. This result implies that the change in chemical force by reducing ionic strength of Na ions could significantly enhance the detachment compared to that caused by a change in physical force, due to a weak electrostatic deposition between nanoparticles and filter media. A modification of the 1-D filtration model to incorporate a detachment term showed good agreement with experimental data; estimating the detachment coefficients for that model suggested that the detachment rate could be similar regardless of the amount of previously captured AgNPs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2023

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of the underwater Ai-Chi exercise on the joint range of motion, balance and posture. METHODS: Thirty-six college students (30 men, 6 women) were divided into a 'low physical activity' groups (Group I). and an 'appropriate physical activity' groups (Group II). The Ai-Chi underwater exercise was conducted three times a week for two weeks for both groups. A goniometer was used to measure the range of motion of the hip joint, and Y-Balance and the posture screen mobile were used to measure the stability of the lower extremities. RESULTS: An evaluation of the range of motion of the hip joint before and after the Ai-Chi exercise showed significant results in the low physical activity group. However, the flexural range showed a significant increase after exercise, but not significant result. In the comparison of the mean increase between groups, only the right hip joint showed a significant difference in both groups. Also, in the comparison of the Y balance test and posture screen test before and after exercise, both groups showed significant. CONCLUSION: The Ai-Chi underwater exercise helped improve the range of motion of the hip joint and the ability to balance. Also It helped improve posture alignment. In addition, although the increase in all physical activity groups lower than the appropriate physical activity groups was greater in all figures, the increase in the number of samples, the extension of the experimental period, and various variables could be obtained.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2009

In this paper, the density, viscosity and solubility are measured to know the physical properties of dye. By changing the concentration of dye solution, the density change of the dye solution was very small and the viscosity of the dye solution was increased. Also, by changing the temperature of dye solution, the density change of the dye solution was increased but the viscosity of the dye solution was decreased. Solubility of dye conducts under the changing the salt and concentration of dye. In 20 wt% of dye and 15 wt% KCl, the amount of dye crystal is maximal. Also, batch salting-out experiments were performed with various conditions to know the optimal operating conditions of dye crystal. Under the various experiments, optimal operating condition was found based on amount of dye; added 15 wt% KCl, $25^{\circ}C$ temperature, 100 RPM, added at once.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2007

To investigate the restoration procedure on soil physical properties and vegetation at the surface of strip road affected by timber harvesting operation. This study was carried out at strip roads constructed between 1989 and 1994 in Mt. Baekun, Kwangyang, Chollanam-Do. Soil hardness of the surface layer was improved with change of time after strip road construction, but that of 7.6~15 cm depth from the surface was not improved. According to linear regression analysis, it was estimated 16.6 years in 0~7.5 cm and 16.9 years in 7.6~15 cm soil depth to be restored to natural forest lands. The amount of surface soil erosion was 0.045$m^3$/km/yr on strip roads constructed in 1989 and 1990, and road constructed in 1994 showed the highest value (4.5$m^3$/km/yr). Vegetation coverage rates of road surface were 96.7% in strip roads constructed in 1990. Those of cutslope and fillslope were highest in roads constructed in 1990. The results indicated that strip roads were restored with change of time after road construction.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2003

The purpose of this study by examine the effect of visual neglect on hemiplegia motor recovery are showing trouble which can be raised by visual neglect and helping the patient's ADL and functional recovering. Among the patients who are being taken physical therapy in many other hospitals in Busan From February 1st 2002 to august 31st, we chose 20 patients as control group who did not have symptoms of visual neglect and 20 other patients who did have as case group. We used Albert's test and line bisection as visual neglect test, and MAS as motor recovery. The average age of the patient group is 51.55 and that of control is 44.9. The men's rate is higher than women' s in both groups. Although the rate of left hemiplegia is higher than right hemiplegia in case group, that of right hemiplegia is higher than left hemiplegia in control group. There is much lesion site of basal ganglia in case group. There is the most amount of transformation of MAS when visual neglect is shorter than 1.5centimeter. Each change of MAS point before and after therapy in case group and control group is revealed $6.5{\pm}4.37$ and $12.5{\pm}5.95$.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ipsilateral and contralateral load changes during single-leg standing on the leg muscle activities of healthy people. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: For all the subjects, a load was randomly applied to the ipsilateral or the contralateral side. While the load was applied, the subject raised a hand and then performed single-leg standing for 10 seconds using the dominant side. Results: During single-leg standing, the muscle activity of the gluteus medius, peroneus longus on the supporting side increased statistically significantly when an upper limb load was applied contralaterally, but no statistically significant differences were detected in the muscle activities of the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius using a test of within-subjects effects. Conclusion: It can be seen that muscle activities increase during exercise when the amount and frequency of a load are increased and when the same load is applied to different sides of the body. Such muscle activity increases may be applied to change the intensity of exercise when one is in a static posture, such as during single-leg standing.