• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of foam roller (FR) stretching, kinesiotaping (KT), and dynamic stretching (DS) on gait parameters after inducing muscle fatigue in the ankle joint. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The subjects were thirty healthy young adults between the ages of 20 and 31 years at Baekseok University who voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to either the FR group, KT group, or the DS group after inducing muscle fatigue of the ankle joint. Fatigue induction of the ankle joint muscles was performed by alternating a heel up and down exercise with the standing posture on the ground. The speed was maintained at 40 beats/minute using a metronome. Subsequently, the respective intervention was applied to each group. Gait parameters were measured before and after ankle muscle fatigue induction, and after intervention using the GAITRite system. One-way ANOVA was used to compare gait parameters among groups, while repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare gait parameters within each intervention group. Results: The FR group increased significantly in velocity, step length, and stride length except for cadence after intervention compared to after ankle muscle fatigue induction (p<0.01). Furthermore, the KT group showed significant increases in velocity, cadence, step length, and stride length after intervention, especially in cadence group (p<0.05). All intervention groups showed significant increases in stride length after intervention, especially the DS group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, we suggest that KT, FR, and DS can be an effective intervention on gait parameters when the ankle joint is unstable and injured.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.553-558
• /
• 2002

Physical sensor model in pushbroom satellite images can be made from sensor modeling by rotation parameters and attitude parameters on the satellite track. These parameters are determined by the information obtained from GPS, INS, or star tracker. Provided from satellite image, an auxiliary data error is connected directly with an error of rotation parameters and attitude parameters. This paper analyzed how obtaining satellite images influenced errors of rotation parameters and attitude parameters. furthermore, for detailed analysis, this paper generated simulated satellite image, which was changed variously by rotation parameters and attitude parameters of satellite sensor model. Simulated satellite image is generated by using high-resolution digital aerial image and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data. Moreover, this paper determined correlation of rotation parameter and attitude parameters through error analysis of simulated satellite image that was generated by various rotation parameters and attitude parameters.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual block with ankle joint fatigue on gait and dynamic balance ability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (men=15, women=15) between 22 to 25 years of age voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects performed the gait and dynamic balance test successively in two conditions: the visual block and the open eyes condition. Before the gait and dynamic balance test, muscle fatigue on the ankle joint was induced to all subjects by doing ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion alternately, and then gait parameters (step length, stride length, cadence, velocity, single limb support, and double limb support) were assessed by walking on the GAITRite system (CIR Systems Inc., USA). Subjects also performed the functional reach test (FRT) for assessment of dynamic balance. This study examined gait parameters and FRT scores in each visual block and open eyes condition. Results: The results showed that FRT scores with the visual block condition significantly decreased compared to without visual blocking (p<0.01). Step length, stride length, cadence, and velocity of gait parameters decreased significantly in the visual block condition (p<0.01) while there was no significant difference for single limb support. However, double limb support increased significantly in the visual block system (p<0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, blocking of visual information with muscle fatigue of the ankle joint can affect gait and balance ability of young adults and increase the risk of falls.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.20-30
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ankle joint mobilization with movement (MWM) on the range of motion (ROM) in the ankle, on the muscle strength of lower extremities, and on spatiotemporal gait parameters in chronic hemiplegic patients. Fifteen subjects with chronic stroke were divided into two groups: an experimental group (8 subjects) and a control group (7 subjects). Both groups attended two or three sessions of physical therapy each week. The experimental group also attended additional MWM training sessions three times a week for five weeks. For both groups, the ROM of the ankle, the muscle strength of the lower extremities, and the spatiotemporal gait parameters in paretic limbs were evaluated before and after the training period. The results showed that the experimental group experienced more significant increases than did the control group in terms of passive (6.10%) and active (21.96%) ROM of the ankle, gait velocity (12.96%), and peak torque, of the knee flexor (81.39%), the knee extensor (24.88%), and the ankle plantar flexor (41.75%)(p<.05). These results suggest that MWM training in patients with chronic stroke may be beneficial in increasing ROM in the ankle, muscle strength in the lower extremities, and gait speed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.961-965
• /
• 2001

The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of age and specipic gait parameters for Korean Adult. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 20 Adult, 10 men and 10 women, 21 to 24 years of age using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The temporal gait parameters and kinematic parameters of Korean Adult similar to other western reference data. The results were as follows: 1) The mean Cadence of the male to the female were 113.5 steps/min to 117.6 steps/min. 2) The mean Walking Speed of the male to the female were 1.30 m/s, to 1.27 m/s. 3) The mean Stride Length of the male to the female were 1.35 m, to 1.30 m. 4) The mean maximal angles of pint on the pelvic tilt motion for different male to the female were $9.80^{\circ}$ to $7.75^{\circ}$. (p<0.05) 5) The mean maximal angles of pint on the hip flexion motion for different male to the female were $22.62^{\circ}$ to $27.65^{\circ}$. (p<0.05) 6) The mean maximal angles of pint on the knee flexion motion for different male to the female were $55.78^{\circ}$ to $55.49^{\circ}$. (p>0.05) 7) The mean maximal angles of pint on the ankle dorsiflexion motion for different male to the female were $12.47^{\circ}$ to $13.39^{\circ}$. (p>0.05).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2011

Acanthopanax senticosus, a member of the Araliaceae used as an invigorant in traditional Korean medicine, is known to relieve physical fatigue. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of eggs laid by hens fed on Acanthopanax senticosus extracts on physical endurance and reproductive parameters. Male Sprague-Dawley rats at 4 wk of age were divided into 3 groups of 15 rats each: group A (14% egg yolk powder from hens fed with Acanthopanax senticosus extracts+86% AIN-93G), group B (14% plain egg yolk powder + 86% AIN-93G) and group C (7% fat source + 93% AIN-93G), and studied for 5 wk. The rats' physical endurance was measured via forced swimming tests. According to the results, 53.3% rats of group A swam for longer than 20 min, in group B and C, only 48.9% and 46.7% of the rats achieved this. In terms of reproductive parameters, sperm motility was significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C (p<0.05). However, no differences in sperm count were detected among the groups. Additionally, the serum testosterone levels of groups A and B were higher than that of group C. Our findings suggest that rats fed with egg yolk powder from hens fed on Acanthopanax senticosus extracts may improve athletic endurance and reproductive parameters in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the confusion level in performing dual tasks using smartphones while walking in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI). METHODS: Twenty subjects with CAI and 20 healthy subjects participated in the study. The spatial, temporal, spatial-temporal, and variability gait parameters were measured using GAITRite under four different conditions: general gait, web surfing during gait, texting during gait, and gaming during gait. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the interaction according to the group (2) and confusion level in dual-tasks (4). One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the changes within the group according to the confusion level in dual-tasks. The changes between groups were compared using an independent t-test. The statistical significance level was set to p = .05. RESULTS: Significant interactions in the temporal and spatial-temporal gait parameters were found between the dual-task conditions and the other groups (p < .05). Significant within-group differences in the spatial, temporal, and spatial-temporal gait parameters were found according to the confusion level in dual tasks (p < .05). Significant between-group differences were observed in the temporal and spatial-temporal gait parameters according to the confusion level in dual tasks (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The effect of the confusion level in dual tasks was greater in subjects with CAI than in healthy individuals. This study suggests that to prevent reinjury to the ankle, subjects with CAI should avoid dual tasks such as using smartphones while walking.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the static balance of standing position between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and a normal group that were aged-matched. There were forty subjects included in this study. Twenty-seven healthy subjects (age, $13.9{\pm}1.2$ yrs; height, $161.9{\pm}7.5$ cm; weight, $52.2{\pm}7.7$ kg) and thirteen AIS subjects (age, $14.2{\pm}2.2$ yrs; height, $161.5{\pm}8.7$ cm; weight, $48.1{\pm}8.1$ kg) were participated in the study. The thirteen subjects in the AIS group had a major Cobb angle between $20.1^{\circ}$ and $49^{\circ}$. Each group was tested with the Balance Performance Monitor (BPM). The parameters for static balance were sway area, sway path, max velocity, mean balance, anterior-posterior angle, and left-right angle of each group with their eyes opened and again with their eyes closed. Both sides of the forward reach test and the lateral reach test were also performed on each group. Results from the BPM tested showed significantly increases in all parameters of static balance with those patients with AIS under the conditions where eyes were opened and closed. In the right and left forward reach test, there was no significant difference between normal and AIS groups. However, in the lateral reach test with right and left direction, there were significant differences between normal and AIS groups. For the normal subjects, there were significant differences in the parameters with sway path and anterior-posterior sway angle between the eyes opened and closed. However, there were no significant differences in the all parameters between eyes opened and closed for the AIS subjects. These results suggest that, balance programs could be used in the rehabilitation setting for intervention of AIS and evaluation of AIS. Further study is needed to measure many patients with AIS and other functional balance scales for clinical application.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.42.1-42.1
• /
• 2021

In this study, we present a visual explanation of a deep learning solar flare forecast model and its relationship to physical parameters of solar active regions (ARs). For this, we use full-disk magnetograms at 00:00 UT from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, physical parameters from the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X-ray flare data. Our deep learning flare forecast model based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) predicts "Yes" or "No" for the daily occurrence of C-, M-, and X-class flares. We interpret the model using two CNN attribution methods (guided backpropagation and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping [Grad-CAM]) that provide quantitative information on explaining the model. We find that our deep learning flare forecasting model is intimately related to AR physical properties that have also been distinguished in previous studies as holding significant predictive ability. Major results of this study are as follows. First, we successfully apply our deep learning models to the forecast of daily solar flare occurrence with TSS = 0.65, without any preprocessing to extract features from data. Second, using the attribution methods, we find that the polarity inversion line is an important feature for the deep learning flare forecasting model. Third, the ARs with high Grad-CAM values produce more flares than those with low Grad-CAM values. Fourth, nine SHARP parameters such as total unsigned vertical current, total unsigned current helicity, total unsigned flux, and total photospheric magnetic free energy density are well correlated with Grad-CAM values.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.20-34
• /
• 2001

This paper presents the relevance between GMFM and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in children with cerebral palsy. Twenty-one children ($73.11{\pm}30.06$ months) with cerebral palsy participated in this study. GMFM was performed and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured by foot print gait analysis. A correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between GMFM scores and spatiotemporal parameters of gait. A linear regression analysis was employed to find how much each gait spatiotemporal parameters could be predicted from GMFM scores. The total GMFM scores was significantly correlated with walking speed, cadence, and stride length. Dimensions D (standing) and E (walking, running, and jumping) were more significantly correlated with gait spatiotemporal parameters than dimensions A (lying and rolling), B (sitting), and C (crawling and kneeling). The GMFM scores were useful for predicting spatiotemporal parameters. However, it is difficult to predict the status of gait development using GMFM scores because GMFM scores and gait spatiotemporal parameters are only measured as quantities not qualities. In the field, it is easily found that many children with cerebral palsy are unable to walk in any way. Consequently, gait analysis cannot be performed in many cases. Therefore, it is more reasonable to investigate the influence of GMFM on spatiotemporal parameters, rather than vice versa.