• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.236-246
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• 2003

This paper is implemented a control algorithm in order to be stable and minimized to entire train traffic system at delayed case. Signal ing system is described wi th algebraic equations given for train headway, Discrete-event simulation principles are reviewed and a demonstration block signaling model using the technique is implemented. Train congestion at station entrance for short headway operation is demonstrated and the propagation of delays along a platform of trains from any imposed delay to the leading train is also shown. A rail way signaling system is by nature a distributed operation with event triggered at discrete intervals. Although the train kinematic variables of position, velocity, and acceleration are continually changing, the changes are triggered when the trains pass over section boundaries and arrive at signals and route switches. This paper deals with linear-mode1ing, stability and optimal control for the traffic on such metro line of the model is reconstructed in order to adapt the circuits. This paper propose optimal control laws wi th state feedback ensuring the stability of the modeled system for circuits. Simulation results show the benefit to be expected from an efficient traffic control. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. In this paper we develop a linear model describing the traffic for both loop lines, two state space equations have been analyzed. The first one is adapted to the situation where a complete nominal time schedule is available while second one is adapted when only the nominal time interval between trains is known, in both cases we show the unstability of the traffic when the proceeding train is delayed following properties, - They are easily implemented at law cost on existing lines. - They ensure the exponetial stability of loop system. 2. These control laws have been tested on a traffic simulation software taking into the non-linearites and the physical constraints on a metro line. By means of simulation, the efficiency of the proposed optimal control laws are shown.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1990

원통형 및 환형 유전체공진기의 복소유전율과 투자율을 측정하기 위한 이론적인 해석과 측정방법을 제시하였다. 두 개의 평면도체 사이에 유전체공진기를 놓고 공진주파수와 무부하 Q, 그리고 치수를 측정하면 복소유전율과 투자율을 구할 수 있으며 이 방법을 고차모우드에 대하여 반복적으로 행하면 더 넓은 주파수 범위에서 측정이 가능하다. 이 때 각각의 공진모우드는 유전체공진기의 방위각과 축방향에 대한 전계 세기의 변화를 측정함으로써 결정할 수 있다. 그리고 여러가지 오차의 요인들을 고려한 측정오차의 해석으로부터 $TE_{0np}$ 또는 quasi-TE 모우드를 측정에 이용할 경우 복소유전율의 실수부분은 $0.5{\%}$, 허수부분은 $4{\%}$ 이내의 측정오차를 가짐이 밝혀졌다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.208-220
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of neurofeedback training for reducing stress and enhancing self-regulation in late adolescence to identify the possibility of use for nursing intervention. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were 78 late adolescents assigned to the experimental group (n=39) that received the neurofeedback training and the control group (n=39). Data were collected on heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance level (SCL) to assess stress-biomarker response. The questionnaire contained 164 items from: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Self-regulatory Ability scale. The neurofeedback training was based on the general adaptation syndrome and body-mind medicine. The intervention was conducted in a total of 10 sessions for 30 minutes per session with high-beta, theta and sensory motor rhythm training on scalp at central zero. Results: There were significant difference in standard deviation of normal to normal interval (p=.036) in HRV and SCL (p=.029) of stress-biomarker response between the two groups. Negative affect (p=.036) in PANAS and obsessive compulsive (p=.023) and depression (p<.001) in SCL-90-R were statistically significant. Self-regulation mode (p=.004) in self-regulation ability scale showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The results indicated that the neurofeedback training is effective in stress-biomarkers, psychoemotional stress response and self-regulation. Therefore, neurofeedback training using neuroscientific approach based on brain-mind-body model can be used as an effective nursing intervention for late adolescents in clinics and communities for effective stress responses.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.605-607
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• 2015

The development of time-frequency analysis techniques allow astronomers to successfully deal with the non-stationary time series that originate from unstable physical mechanisms. We applied a recently developed time-frequency analysis method, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), to two non-stationary phenomena: the superorbital modulation in the high-mass X-ray binary SMC X-1 and the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of the AGN RE J1034+396. From the analysis of SMC X-1, we obtained a Hilbert spectrum that shows more detailed information in both the time and frequency domains. Then, a phase-resolved analysis of both the spectra and the orbital profiles was presented. From the spectral analysis, we noticed that the iron line production is dominated by different regions of this binary system in different superorbital phases. Furthermore, a pre-eclipse dip lying at orbital phase ~0:6-0:85 was discovered during the superorbital transition state. We further applied the HHT to analyze the QPO of RE J1034+396. From the Hilbert spectrum and the O-C analysis results, we suggest that it is better to divide the evolution of the QPO into three epochs according to their different periodicities. The correlations between the QPO periods and corresponding fluxes were also different in these three epochs. The change in periodicity and the relationships could be interpreted as the change in oscillation mode based on the diskoseismology model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.643-667
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• 2010

The classical flexibility difference method detects damage by observing the difference of conventional deflection flexibility matrices between pre- and post-damaged states of a structure. This method is not able to identify multiple damage scenarios, and its criteria to identify damage depend upon the boundary conditions of structures. The key point behind the inability and dependence is revealed in this study. A more feasible flexibility for damage detection, the Angle-between-String-and-Horizon (ASH) flexibility, is proposed. The physical meaning of the new flexibility is given, and synthesis of the new flexibility matrix by modal frequencies and translational mode shapes is formulated. The damage indicators are extracted from the difference of ASH flexibility matrices between the pre- and post-damaged structures. One feature of the ASH flexibility is that the components in the ASH flexibility matrix are associated with elements instead of Nodes or DOFs. Therefore, the damage indicators based on the ASH flexibility are mapped to structural elements directly, and thus they can pinpoint the damaged elements, which is appealing to damage detection for complex structures. In addition, the change in the ASH flexibility caused by damage is not affected by boundary conditions, which simplifies the criteria to identify damage. Moreover, the proposed method can determine relatively the damage severity. Because the proposed damage indicator of an element mainly reflects the deflection change within the element itself, which significantly reduces the influence of the damage in one element on the damage indicators of other damaged elements, the proposed method can identify multiple damage locations. The viability of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by numerical examples and experimental tests on a cantilever beam and a simply supported beam.

• 정보화정책
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.74-97
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• 2010

이 연구는 한국에서 초고속인터넷이 빠르게 전파되는데 기여한 요인들을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 여기서는 TPC 모델을 분석틀로 사용하여, 한국에서의 급격한 초고속인터넷의 확산을 유도한 원인들로써 첫째, 한국의 문화적 속성을 고려한 정부의 맞춤형 정책, 둘째, 기업의 경쟁적인 확산노력, 그리고 셋째, 한국의 사회문화적 요인, 그 자체를 결정 요인으로 이해한다. 또한 이 연구는 보편적 서비스로써의 초고속인터넷의 보급과 확산은 정보화 시대가 오면서 불가피하게 발생할 수밖에 없는 정보격차의 문제를 어느 정도 완화시킬 수 있다는 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 초고속인터넷의 확산은 정보격차의 가장 기본적인 문제, 즉 정보에 대한 불평등한 접근성을 완화시킴으로써 보편적 서비스의 제공과 수혜를 가능하게 한다. 끝으로 이 연구는 초고속인터넷의 성공적인 전개와 확대를 위한 몇 가지 정책적 제안을 담고 있다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.540-550
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• 2016

Since energy efficiency has become a significant concern for network infrastructure, next-generation network devices are expected to have embedded advanced power management capabilities. However, how to effectively exploit the green capabilities is still a big challenge, especially given the high heterogeneity of devices and their internal architectures. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical power management architecture (HPMA) which represents physical components whose power can be monitored and controlled at various levels of a device as entities. We use energy aware state (EAS) as the power management setting mode of each device entity. The power policy controller is capable of getting information on how many EASes of the entity are manageable inside a device, and setting a certain EAS configuration for the entity. We propose the optimal local control policy which aims to minimize the router power consumption while meeting the performance constraints. A first-order Markov chain is used to model the statistical features of the network traffic load. The dynamic EAS configuration problem is formulated as a Markov decision process and solved using a dynamic programming algorithm. In addition, we demonstrate a reference implementation of the HPMA and EAS concept in a NetFPGA frequency scaled router which has the ability of toggling among five operating frequency options and/or turning off unused Ethernet ports.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.906-912
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• 2012

Ship Ad-hoc Network (SANET)은 고비용의 위성 통신을 대체하여 선박에 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 선박 간 애드혹 네트워크이다. 현재 SANET의 물리계층은 해상 VHF 대역 디지털 통신의 표준인 ITU-R M. 1842-1을 반영할 수 있으나, 상위 계층은 명확한 표준화가 진행되지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 육상 애드혹 네트워크에 적용되는 매체접속제어와 라우팅 프로토콜을 기반으로, 해상 통신환경에 맞는 SANET용 네트워크 프로토콜인 Ship Ad-hoc Communication (SAC) 프로토콜을 제안한다. SAC 프로토콜은 매체접속제어와 라우팅을 하나의 알고리즘에서 수행하는 크로스 레이어 프로토콜로써, 이웃 선박의 유무, 목적지까지의 경로 설정 여부, 열악한 통신 환경 시 통신 모드 전환 등을 다양한 해상 환경을 반영한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.486-490
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• 2014

$Al_2O_3$ films on silicon carbide were fabricated by Aerosol deposition with annealing temperature at $800^{\circ}C$ and $1,000^{\circ}C$. The effect of thermal treatment on physical properties of $Al_2O_3$ thin films has been investigated by XRD (X-ray diffraction), AFM (atomic force microscope), SEM (scanning electron microscope), and AES (auger electron spectroscopy). Also electrical properties have been investigated by Keithley 4,200 semiconductor parameter analyzer to explain the interface trapped charge density ($D_{it}$), flatband voltage ($V_{FB}$) and leakage current ($I_o$). $Al_2O_3$ films become crystallized with increasing temperature by calculating full width at half maximum (FWHM) of diffraction peaks, also surface morphology is observed by topography measurement in non-contact mode AFM. $D_{it}$ was $2.26{\times}10^{-12}eV^{-1}.cm^{-2}$ at $800^{\circ}C$ annealed sample, which is the lowest value in all samples. Also the sample annealed at $800^{\circ}C$ has the lowest leakage current of $4.89{\times}10^{-13}A$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.285-289
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• 2011

Shilajit, a medicine herb commonly used in Ayurveda, has been reported to contain at least 85 minerals in ionic form that act on a variety of chemical, biological, and physical stressors. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) are involved in orofacial nociceptive processing. Shilajit has been reported to be an injury and muscular pain reliever but there have been few functional studies of the effect of Shilajit on the SG neurons of the Vc. Therefore, whole cell and gramicidin-perfotrated patch clamp studies were performed to examine the action mechanism of Shilajit on the SG neurons of Vc from mouse brainstem slices. In the whole cell patch clamp mode, Shilajit induced short-lived and repeatable inward currents under the condition of a high chloride pipette solution on all the SG neurons tested. The Shilajit-induced inward currents were concentration dependent and maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a voltage gated $Na^+$ channel blocker, CNQX, a non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, and AP5, an NMDA receptor antagonist. The Shilajit-induced responses were partially suppressed by picrotoxin, a $GABA_A$ receptor antagonist, and totally blocked in the presence of strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist, however not affected by mecamylamine hydrochloride (MCH), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Under the potassium gluconate pipette solution at holding potential 0 mV, Shilajit induced repeatable outward current. These results show that Shilajit has inhibitory effects on the SG neurons of Vc through chloride ion channels by activation of the glycine receptor and $GABA_A$ receptor, indicating that Shilajit contains sedating ingredients for the central nervous system. These results also suggest that Shilajit may be a potential target for modulating orofacial pain processing.