• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.6
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• 2017

Background: This study aimed to analyze the on heart rate, blood lactate concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) response after conducting exercise in endurance horses. Methods: A total of 20 healthy 3-9-years-old Jeju crossbreed mares ($5.95{\pm}2.24$ year) of age and $312.65{\pm}13.59kg$ of weight) currently participating the endurance competition were used. The field tests selected for the experiment was gallop (approximately 8.3 m/s) along the selected 2.5 km course (a natural forest trail, not artificial road; a closed loop course). The horses were divided into three groups according to their age; 3-4 years of age (G1, $3.29{\pm}0.49$ year), 6-7 years of age (G2, $6.42{\pm}0.53$), and 8-9 years of age (G3, $8.50{\pm}0.55$). The measurements times for the heart rate, blood lactate concentration, PCV, and Hb analysis were conducted before exercise (T0), shortly after exercise (T1), 15 min after exercise (T2), and 30 min after exercise (T3), respectively. Data was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures with times and groups. Results: The results of the comparison depending on the passage of rest time after exercise suggest that the heart rate and blood lactate concentration of three groups at T2 significantly decreased compared to T1 (p < 0.001). PCV of the G2 and G3 groups were significantly decreased at T2 compared to T1 (p < 0.01). Hb values at G2 (p < 0.01) and G3 (p < 0.001) groups were significantly decreased at T2 as compared to T1. However, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, PCV and Hb level at T1 showed no difference in the comparison of horses from different age groups with the exception of G3 group in terms of heart rate. Conclusion: The physiologic and hematological responses of horses during recovery time after 2,500 m exercise with gallop were no significant difference among the groups. These data are useful as a response evaluation method for training of endurance horses.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 12주간 복합운동이 비만 여대생의 신체조성 및 기초체력 향상에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 본 연구의 취지를 충분히 설명하고 자발적 참여의 동의서를 작성한 D대학교의 여대생 12명이었으며, 과거병력과 현재 특별한 질환이 없고, 규칙적인 운동경험이 없는 자들로 구성하였다. 이들은 실험 전 신체조성검사 및 기초체력검사인 좌 우악력, 배근력, 유연성, 순발력, 근지구력을 측정하고, 12주간 복합운동 실시 후 평균 표준편차를 산출하기 위하여 기술통계를 실시하였으며, 실험 전, 후 차이 검증은 paired t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 12주간 복합트레이닝 운동집단에서 참여 후 체중, 골격근, 체지방량 및 좌 우악력 및 배근력, 순발력은 통계적으로 유의(p.<05)한 감소와 증가를 보였고, 유연성은 약간의 증가를 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 변화를 보이지 않았으며, 통제집단은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 이상을 종합해 보면 12주간 복합운동은 여대생의 근육을 증가시켜 기초대사량이 증가하여 체중 및 체지방을 감소시켜 건강관련 기초체력 향상에 의미 있는 운동프로그램이 될 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.252-262
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• 2010

Purpose: Designed to examine the effects of aerobic exercise therapy on elders' physical functions. Methods: Selected from an elderly welfare center in an agricultural district located in N City. Thirty seven elders were selected in the experimental group and 38 in the control group, and all the subjects aged over 65. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS/PC 12.0 Win. Detailed data analysis methods were Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Mann-Whitney u-test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Results: The first hypothesis "The experimental group who had the aerobic exercise therapy will have greater development in lower leg muscular strength compared to the control group" was supported (t=8.95, p<.001). The second hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in lower leg endurance" was supported (t=6.12, p<.001). The third hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in flexibility" was supported (U=49.00, p<.001). The forth hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in balance" was supported (U=322.00, p<.001). Conclusion: The aerobic exercise therapy showed positive effects on physical functions of the elderly in a rural area.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.42-48
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• 1998

The bacterial cellulose(BC) has many unique properties that are potentially and commercially beneficial. In order to enhance inherently inferior physical property of chemithermomechanical pulp(CTMP) sheet, chemical pulp has been used widely. Bacterial cellulose also has an enhanced sheet strength because of its unique physical and morphological features. This study was carried out to inverstigate the effect of BC addition on physical properties of CTMP sheets. The effect of BC addition on its optical properties was also discussed. The apparent density, internal bond strength, Young's modulus, tensile strength and folding endurance of CTMP sheet are increasing with increase of BC contents. This strength increase would be attributed to the increase of relative bonding sites among pulp fibers by addition of BC which has microfibrillar structure with very high specific surface areas. There were not so significant changes in opacity of CTMP sheet upto 20% addition level of BC, while over 40% addition, the opacity gradually decreased and levelled off. Porosity is decreased with addition of BC. This decrease would be attributed to densification of sheet by fine and filamentous structure of BC fibers.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to present a practical method of medical treatment to improve the balance and motor ability of the mentally retarded child with a single mentally retarded child-subject. Methods: The subject of the study was a 39-month-old mentally retarded female. This study included a 2-week basic period and a 13-week treatment period. The treatment method was based on the Bobath Approach. Gross motor function measurement (GMFM) was used to examine changes in motor ability, and the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) was used to measure changes in balance ability. The curative program was composed of normalization of muscle tone, strengthening of leg endurance and muscular strength, the improvement of trunk alignment, and the increase of balance. Visual rate of change was used to examine the results. Results: As a result of this study, balance ability increased on the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) by 24 points, and motor function increased in terms of Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM) by 6.9% (18 points). Standing increased by 41% (16 points), and walking, running, and jumping increased by 31.9% (23 points) compared to thebasic period. Therefore, the Bobath Approach appears to be an appropriate method to improve balance and motor ability in mentally retarded children. Conclusion: It is surmised that aggressive intervention by physical therapists and occupational therapists, and a follow-up study, are required for the growth of motor ability in mentally retarded children.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an 8-week competitive exercise program on physical fitness, psychological variables, and video-game playtime in game-addicted adolescents. Methods: All subjects were screened by a game behavior diagnosis scale questionnaire, and a total of 7 game-addicted, male adolescents ($16{\pm}2$ yrs of age) participated in the study. All subjects were informed of the study's purpose, procedures, and risks, and a consent form was obtained from each subject. The 8-week soccer and basketball exercise program included twice-weekly sessions of 120 minutes per session. All data were presented as $mean{\pm}SE$, and the variables were analyzed with a paired t-test. Results: Following the 8-week intervention, cardiovascular endurance and grip strength were significantly increased (approximately 17 and 7%, respectively [p<0.05]). Although there was no statistical significance on flexibility, vertical jump, and zigzag-run, all variables showed an increasing tendency. Anxiety levels changed from a mild anxiety state to a normal state, and depression levels also altered from moderate to a normal state. The video-game playtime was reduced about 20% during weekends and vacation periods. Conclusion: Given these combined results, 8 weeks of regular participation in competitive exercise (soccer/basketball) may contribute to positive effects on physical fitness, psychological variables, and video-game playtime in computer-game addicted adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.373-406
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• 2002

This study was peformed to investigate the effects on skeletal muscle recovery with aqua-exercise; swimming to take the muscle endurance for 20 days on two group of white rats which were the low extremity atrophy group(control groups) by fixed for two weeks and aqua-exercise group(experimental groups) after it. The effects was observed with light and electron microcope to measure the morphological changes of muscle fibers. The results obtained were as follow. 1. Light microscope: In the case of control groups, quadriceps fibers had been irregular alignment, decreased muscle width and the irregular alignment nuclear appeared, as it is degenerative muscle fibers. In the case of experimental groups, the fibers had been regular alignment cells and fibers. The nucleus of muscle had been normal characterized by oval shape and fiber sarcomere clearly classified. 2. Electron microscope: In the case of control groups, there were the quadriceps which was Z-line streaming phenomenon induced at the sarcomere and cells nuclear separated from basal membrane. It was not only observed the sarcomere alignment irregularly and mitochondria damaged, but also vacuoles found. In the case of experimental groups, A band, I band, H band had been clearly appeared, classified at the myofibrils of quadriceps, and electronic dense M-line found in sarcomere. There were observed satellite cells and basal laminas that usually to be appeared at the time of mitochondrial development, skeletal muscle fiber regeneration or development. This results suggest that the aqua-exercise assisted to inhibit the degenerative morphological changes of skeletal muscle cells and help to recover from abnormal states. Especially, it is considered to effect on a normal structural formation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to analyze fatigue patterns of the rectus femoris muscle by isometric contraction. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects(10 male, 10 female) participated in this study. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) was measured by the dynamometer. Muscle activity was recorded from the rectus femoris muscle. During the experiment, the subject was seated in the chair. The measured items, median frequency(MDF) and root mean square (RMS), were collected from the surface EMG. All data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was significant difference of MVIC between male and female. Endurance time was significant difference by the level of MVIC but no significant in the main effect(sex) and interaction effect. The MDF and fatigue index were significant differences in the interaction effect. The RMS was not significant difference in both of main and interaction effect. The muscle fatigue patterns of female was greater than male after 60% MVIC. Conclusion: This study showed that sex differences of muscle fatigue were started from 60% MVIC.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 1998

The decrease of muscle power and muscle size between twenties and seventies was about 30% and 40% respectively. The loss of muscle mass by aging resulted in the decrease of muscle power. The loss of muscle mass was due to the decrease of number of Type I fiber and Type II fiber and size of each muscle fiber. The aging skeletal muscle didn't show the loss of glycolysis capacity but showed 20% decrease of the oxidative enzymes and muscle vascularization. The vigorous endurance exercise training with graded intensity played a role in the vascular proliferation, increase of activity of oxidative enzymes and improvement of $VO_2$ max. The graded resistance exercise also played a role in the muscle hypertrophy and increase of muscle power, if it performed with adequate intensity and period. The exercise adaptation of aging skeletal muscle prevented it from sarcopenia, provided the activity of daily living with great effect and provided the aging related disease, that is Type II diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, osteoporosis and obesity, with great effect.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2010

Background and Purpose : Many Physical therapist are inclined to communicate less effectively each other because they hardly use the standard terminology. The purposes of this case report are (1) to apply ICF-based documentation in evaluation (2) to submit the strategy of intervention process to improve the ability of walking short distance of the client who has post-stroke. Description : The client was 44-years-old man with hemiplegia who was in 1 month post-stroke problems were diagnosed while applying the ICF core set. The goals agreed with client were independently walking short distance, stairs and obstacles. To come up with the intervention strategy, hypothesis was set and 4 weeks of intervention was carried out after proposing the short goal and detailed purpose. Outcome : The client's performance in walking short distance and confidence were increased after impairment focused intervention, that are improved in walking velocity, endurance, supporting ability in lower limbs, rhythmical movement in upper limbs and the coordination of both limbs. Activities focused intervention also enhanced the ability in climbing steps and walking around obstacles. Conclusion : The decided hypothesis and goal that are to solve the problems the client faced were remarkably meaningful.