• 제목/요약/키워드: Physical Condition

검색결과 3,771건 처리시간 0.037초

관계습도(關係濕度)와 목재(木材)의 평형함수량(平衡含水量)과의 관계(關係)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究) (The Equilibrium Moisture Content - Relative Humidity Relationship of Tropical Woods)

  • 심종섭
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.4-12
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    • 1982
  • 1. 이 실험은 미국 Dept. of Navy의 위촉(委囑)을 받아 School of Forestry, Yale University에서 실시중인 열대산(熱帶産) 재목(材木)이 물리적(物理的) 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質) 연구계획(硏究計劃)의 일부(一部)로써 동대학(同大學) 목재공예연구실(木材工藝硏究室)에서 실시(實施)하였다. 2. 이 실험은 연구소에 장치(裝置)된 적은 실험설비를 이용(利用)하여 일정(一定)한 관계습도(關係濕度)(21%, 53%, 61% 그리고 83%등(等))를 조절하면서 各 관계습도(關係濕度) 밑에서 각(各) 시험편을 가질 수 있는 평형합수량(平衝含水量) equilibrium moisture content와 hysteresis loop 즉 relative humidity moisture content curve을 결정(決定)하기 위하여 실시하였다. 3. 이 실험을 통(通)하여 목적(目的)한 바 열대재(즉(卽) Ocotea, Tabebuia 그리고 Hymenaea)의 관계 습도에 따라 equilibrium moisture content와 이때에 일어나는 hysteresis loop를 알게 되었으며 각(各) 수종의 관계습도에 따른 equilibrium moisture content는 Table 4과 같으며 hysteresis loop 관계(關係)는 Fig. 2.3.4와 같다. 4. 이 실험을 통(通)하여서도 과거(過去) 모는 실험결과에서 보는 것과 같이 각(各) 수종에 따라 같은 관계습도에서 가질 수 있는 equilibrium moisture content에 상당(相當)한 차이(差異)를 볼 수 있었으며 그 차이(差異)는 관계습도가 높을수록 큰 경향(傾向)을 띠우고 따라서 hysteresis loop의 shape 에도 각기(各其) 그 고유(固有)한 특징(特徵)을 볼 수 있다. 5. 대기중(大氣中)에 있는 큰 재목(材木)이 가질 수 있는 평형함수량(乎衝含水量)(E M C) 은 Table 6와 같으며 이것 역시(亦是) 적은 시험편(試驗片)으로 시험(試驗)하여 얻은 결과(結果)와 같이 나무 종류(種類)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있고 그 차이(差異)는 관계습도(關係濕度)가 높으면 높을수록 크다는 것을 알게 되었다. 6. 재목(材木)의 생산지(生産地)가 다르면 즉 남방(南方) 열대지역(熱帶地方)에서 생산(生産)하는 것과 온대지방(溫帶地方)에서 생산(生産)되는 나무사이에는 나무 종류(種類)가 달라서 직접(直接) 비교(比較)는 안되나 나무 종류별(種類別)로 보면 역시(亦是) 이와같은 목재(木材)의 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)에 확실(確實)히 차이(差異)가 있었다는 것을 알게 되었다.(참조(參照) Table 5) 7. 이 실험결과를 발표(發表)함에 있어 친(親)히 충고(忠告) 지도(指導)하여 주신 Wangaard와 Dickinson 양(兩) 교수님과 재과(材科) 주선(周旋)에 수고(受苦)를 아끼지 않고 전심(全心) 도와 주신 Mr. R. C. Claneh 씨(氏)등에게 충심(衷心)으로 감사(感謝)의 뜻을 표(表)하는 바이다.

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외과적 치료를 시행한 대량 일차성 자연기흉의 임상분석 (Clinical Analysis of the Surgical Treatments for Large Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax)

  • 김병호;허동명;한원경
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.344-349
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    • 2009
  • 배경: 기흉 환자에 있어서 임상양상은 기흉의 양과 폐의 상태에 많은 영향을 받는다. 따라서 기존 폐질환이 없는 일차성 자연 기흉에서의 대량 기흉은 증상이 심할 수 있으므로 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것이다. 그러나 대량 기흉에 있어서의 치료 방침이 병원마다 다양하다. 따라서 외과적 치료를 시행한 일차성 자연기흉 환자의 임상소견을 분석하여 향후 치료의 지표로 삼고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 8월부터 2007년 12월까지 일차성 자연기흉으로 치료를 시행한 348명의 환자 중 대량 기흉 환자 58명을 대상으로 후향적 조사를 통하여 흉강경소견 및 치료 결과를 분석하였다. 긴장성 기흉을 포함하여 흉부엑스선상 기흉의 양이 80% 이상인 경우를 대량 기흉으로 분류하였다. 이들 모두에게 12 F 흉관을 이용한 흉관삽입술을 먼저 시행하였다. 재발성, 지속적인 공기누출, 반대편 기흉의 과거력이 있는 경우에는 수술적 치료를 시행하였고, 초발인 경우에는 흉부단층촬영 소견상 1 cm 이상의 폐기 포가 관찰되었을 때 흉강내시경을 이용한 수술적 치료를 시행하였다. 결과: 대상환자는 남자 50명, 여자 8명 이었고, 평균 연령은 28.2세$(14\sim54)$였다. 평균 입원기간은 5.3일$(2\sim10)$이었다. 49예에서 흉강내시경 수술을 시행하였고 총판치료만 시행한 경우는 9예였다. 추적기간은 평균 27.8개월$(10\sim58)$ 이었다. 술 장에서의 공기누출은 35예(71.4%)에서 관찰되었으며, 공기누출에 영향을 주는 인자를 분석한 결과 흉막유착과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p=0.005). 술 전 공기누출이 있는 경우 술 장에서 공기누출이 발견된 경우가 많았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.066). 재발율은 흉관 삽입치료를 시행한 9예 중 1예(11.1%), 수술을 시행한 49예 중 1예(2.0%)였다. 결론: 대량 일차성 자연기흉은 조기 진단 및 조기 치료가 필요하다. 흉강내시경 수술이 대량 기흉의 치료 후 재발을 방지하는데 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

본태성 고혈압 환자의 자가간호증진을 위한 자기조절 프로그램 효과 -Orem이론과 Bandura이론의 합성과 검증- (An Effect of the Self-Regulation Program for Hypertensives -Synthesis & testing of Orem and Bandura's theory-)

  • 박영임;홍여신
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.109-129
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    • 1994
  • Chronic health problems has become a major concern and challenge to the health care professionals today. Especially hypertension, one of the leading primary cause of death in Korea, is a typical chronic disease requiring adequate and continuous management. Though these hypertensives need to maintain desirable health practice by themselves for their life time, many previous studies indicated that most of the essential hypertensives have no specific symptoms and thus, reluctant to follow appropriate medical regimens causing the condition further aggravated and complicated. Self-care is an essential factor that keeps chronic patients in control of their health and wellness. Thus this study was conducted to identify the effect of the comprehensive self-regulation program as a nursing intervention on the promotion self-care performance and improvement in physical parameters of hypertensives. For this purpose, a one group quasi-experimental research with pre and post test design was used. The subjects of the study was consisted of thirty persons with mild or moderate essential hypertension from two companies in Cheong-ju city. The whole program was carried out from October, 1993 to February, 1994. The self-regulation program was consisted with group education on hypertension and self-care, self-regulation including the blood pressure self-monitoring and recording, recording of daily self-care activities, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy through verbal persuation and enactive attainment. The subjects were asked to measure their own blood pressure by themselves twice per day and to record blood pressure and the daily self-care performance according to the instructions provided during the whole period of 9 weeks. The instruments used for data collection in this study were as follows : 1) Instruments used for measuring the knowledge about hypertension, multiple health locus of control, and perceived benifits and barriers were adapted from previous studies and modified by author to be fit for the subjects. 2) Self-efficacy scale and self-care performance record were developed by the author. 3) Physiological parameters included systolic / diastolic blood pressure, body weight, level of blood cholesterol, and 24hour ambulatory blood pressure. The post-experimental Cronbach's Alpha as the reliability test of scales were 0.703-0.897, an appropriate level of confidence. The effect of the program was analyzed by experimental stages ; the first week, the fifth week, and the ninth week since the experimental imput began. Data were analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program with paired t-test and t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and pearson's correlation to de termine the effect of program. The results were as follows : 1) After the self-regulation program, scores on knowledge(t=-2.41, p=.011), perceived self-efficacy (F=5.60, p=.001), self-care performance(F=22.31, p=.0001) were significantly higher than those before the program. 2) After the program, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower than those before the program(F=10.89 -13.11, p=.0001). However in 24hour ambulatory blood pressure, systolic mean pressure was nearly significantly lower, but not in diastolic mean pressure. 3) After the program, the body weight was significant decresed(t=5.53, p=.0001), but the blood cholesterol level was not decreased significantly except in those cases with higher cholesterol level. 4) There were significant relationships between changes in self-care performance and diastolic pressure at 1st week (r=.3389, p=.033) and changes in self-care performance and systolic pressure at 9th week(r=.3651, p=.024). 5) There were significant relationship between perceived self-efficacy and self-care performance at 5th week(r=.5313, p=.001) and 9th week (r=.3026, p=.052). 6) After the program, internal health locus of control and perceived benefits did not show significant change, but perceived barriers was significantly lower than those before the program (t=3.57, p=.0001). From the above results, it can be concluded that 1) The self-regulation program is an effective nursing strategy to promote self-care performance of hypertensives and to lower the blood pressure. Thus this program can be recommended in the management of the hypertensives in workplaces and community settings. 2) The synthesis of Orem's self-care theory and Bandura's self-regulation & self-efficacy theory in this study was proved to enhance explanation and prediction of the change of self-care behavior. Thus the result of the study would contribute in development of the self-care theory and an expansion of practice-theory.

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이산화티타늄 담지 섬유형 활성탄소의 특성 및 악취오염물질 제어를 위한 응용 (Characteristics of Titanium Dioxide-Impregnated Fibrous Activated Carbon and Its Application for Odorous Pollutant)

  • 조완근;황은송;양성봉
    • 청정기술
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.48-55
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    • 2011
  • 생활환경 수준의 이황화 메틸과 같은 황화 유기화합물의 제어를 위하여 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화 티타늄 복합재를 이용한 연구는 아직까지 보고되지 않고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화 티타늄 복합재를 제조하여 엑스선 회절법, 입자 비표면 측정법 및 적외선 분광법을 이용하여 광학적/표면 특성을 조사하고 활성을 평가하기 위하여 황화 이메틸의 제거 효율을 결정하였다. 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화티타늄 복합재의 물리적/표면 특성 조사에서 이 복합재가 광촉매적 활성도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 비표면적, 총 기공크기, 마이크로 기공크기 및 메조 기공크기의 경우에 이산화티타늄 코팅량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 평균 기공크기는 이산화티타늄 코팅량이 증가함에 따라 오히려 증가하였다. 또한, 코팅된 이산화티타늄이 섬유형 활성탄소 자체의 황화 이메틸에 대한 흡착능에 영향을 거의 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화티타늄 복합재의 활성도 조사시험에서, 황화 이메틸의 초기 제거효율은 4가지 유량 조건(0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 L/min)에서 각각 93, 78, 71 및 57%로 나타났고, 4가지 유량 조건 모두에서 2시간째에는 제거효율이 다소 감소하였다가 그 이후에는 거의 일정하게 유지되었다. 유사 평형상태에서, 황화 이메틸 평균 제거효율은 4가지 유량조건에서 각각 75, 58, 53 및 36%로 나타났다. 한편, 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화티타늄 복합재의 표면상에서 부산물들은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 이용한 실험 조건에서, 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화티타늄 복합재가 부산물에 의한 큰 영향 없이 생활환경 수준의 황화 이메틸을 제어하는데 활용될 수 있는 것으로 제안된다.

선택적 함구증 아동의 임상특성 및 치료경과 (CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT COURSES OF THE CHILDREN WITH SELECTIVE MUTISM)

  • 정선주;홍강의
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.74-89
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    • 1995
  • 본 연구는 DSM-IV에 의해 선택적 함구증으로 진단된 23명의 아동들을 대상으로 임상적인 특성(인구학적 특성, 임상경과, 발달력, 성격특성, 가족력, 지능지수, 학업성취도), 치료방법 및 기간, 치료경과등을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 대상군의 남녀 비율은 1 : 4.8로 여아에서 높았으며 발병시 평균연령을 3세 4개월, 치료시작의 평균연령은 7세 7개월이었다. 2) 주산기의 문제를 가지고 있었던 아동은 22%였으며 언어발달이 지연되었던 아동은 26%였다. 3세 이전에 주 양육자와의 분리경험이 있던 아동은 26%, 3세 이전에 외상이나 심리적 충격을 입었던 아동은 26%였다. 유뇨증의 병력은 30%에서, 유분증의 병력은 4%에서 있었다. 3) 어머니의 공생적인(symbiotic relationship) 관계에 있는 아동은 61%였고 가정내에서 아버지보다 어머니의 영향력이 우세한 경우는 65%였다. 부모중 정신병리나 알콜/약물중독의 문제를 가지고 있는 경우는 39%였다. 과거력상 신체적인 학대를 받았던 아동은 26%였다. 4) 환아들의 성격특성중 가장 많은 것은 수줍음(100%)이었고 그 다음으로는 불안해 한다(83%), 고집이 세다(83%), 아기 같고 의존적이다(65%), 화를 잘 낸다(52%), 조종하려고 한다(39%) 순으로 많았다. 5) 지능검사를 실시한 16명 아동의 평균 지능지수는 88.3이었고 이중 정신지체의 기준은 IQ 69 이하의 아동이 7명, 70 이상인 아동아 9명이었다. 6) 치료방법중 놀이치료를 받은 아동이 65%로 가장 많았으며 약물치료를 받은 아동은 21%, 행동치료를 받은 아동은 8%, 한 가지 이상의 방법을 복합하여 치료받은 아동은 12%였다. 7) 치료종료시 최우수 평가를 받은 아동은 8.6% 였고 우수의 평가를 받은 아동은 30.4% 양호의 평가를 받은 아동은 52%, 불량의 평가를 받은 아동은 8.7%였다. 추적도사의 최우수의 평가를 받은 아동은 21.7%였고 우수는 13%, 양호는 21.7%, 불량은 34.8% 였다. 치료성과는 유의미한 상관관계를 보이는 변수는 지능지수로 나타났다. 8) 대상군을 공생형 함구증(symbiotic mutism), 언어공포성 함구증(speech phobic mutism), 반응성 함구증(reactive mutism), 수동-공격성 함구증(passive aggressive mutism)으로 분류하였을때 각각 65%, 8.6%, 12%, 30%였다. 지능지수에 따라 정신지체로 분류된 7명과 정상지능군에 속하는 9명을 비교적 언어발달 및 성격특성, 가족역동, 치료성과 등에서 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

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쌀 식미 및 가공적성에 관련된 이화학적 특성 (Physicochemical Characteristics and Varietal Improvement Related to Palatability of Cooked Rice or Suitability to Food Processing in Rice)

  • 최해춘
    • 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식품영양학회 2001년도 동계 학술심포지움
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    • pp.39-74
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    • 2001
  • The endeavors enhancing the grain quality of high-yielding japonica rice were steadily continued during 1980s∼1990s along with the self-sufficiency of rice production and the increasing demands of high-quality rices. During this time, considerably great, progress and success was obtained in development of high-quality japonica cultivars and qualify evaluation techniques including the elucidation of interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of rice grain and the physical or palatability components of cooked rice. In 1990s, some high-quality japonica rice caltivars and special rices adaptable for food processing such as large kernel, chalky endosperm aromatic and colored rices were developed and its objective preference and utility was also examined by a palatability meter, rapid-visco analyzer and texture analyzer. The water uptake rate and the maximum water absorption ratio showed significantly negative correlations with the K/Mg ratio and alkali digestion value(ADV) of milled rice. The rice materials showing the higher amount of hot water absorption exhibited the larger volume expansion of cooked rice. The harder rices with lower moisture content revealed the higher rate of water uptake at twenty minutes after soaking and the higher ratio of maximum water uptake under the room temperature condition. These water uptake characteristics were not associated with the protein and amylose contents of milled rice and the palatability of cooked rice. The water/rice ratio (in w/w basis) for optimum cooking was averaged to 1.52 in dry milled rices (12% wet basis) with varietal range from 1.45 to 1.61 and the expansion ratio of milled rice after proper boiling was average to 2.63(in v/v basis). The major physicochemical components of rice grain associated with the palatability of cooked rice were examined using japonica rice materials showing narrow varietal variation in grain size and shape, alkali digestibility, gel consistency, amylose and protein contents, but considerable difference in appearance and torture of cooked rice. The glossiness or gross palatability score of cooked rice were closely associated with the peak. hot paste and consistency viscosities of viscogram with year difference. The high-quality rice variety “Ilpumbyeo” showed less portion of amylose on the outer layer of milled rice grain and less and slower change in iodine blue value of extracted paste during twenty minutes of boiling. This highly palatable rice also exhibited very fine net structure in outer layer and fine-spongy and well-swollen shape of gelatinized starch granules in inner layer and core of cooked rice kernel compared with the poor palatable rice through image of scanning electronic mcroscope. Gross sensory score of cooked rice could be estimated by multiple linear regression formula, deduced from relationship between rice quality components mentioned above and eating quality of cooked rice, with high Probability of determination. The ${\alpha}$ -amylose-iodine method was adopted for checking the varietal difference in retrogradation of cooked rice. The rice cultivars revealing the relatively slow retrogradation in aged cooked rice were Ilpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Sasanishiki, Jinbubyeo and Koshihikari. A Tongil-type rice, Taebaegbyeo, and a japonica cultivar, Seomjinbyeo, shelved the relatively fast deterioration of cooked rice. Generally, the better rice cultivars in eating quality of cooked rice showed less retrogiadation and much sponginess in cooled cooked rice. Also, the rice varieties exhibiting less retrogradation in cooled cooked rice revealed higher hot viscosity and lower cool viscosity of rice flour in amylogram. The sponginess of cooled cooked rice was closely associated with magnesium content and volume expansion of cooked rice. The hardness-changed ratio of cooked rice by cooling was negatively correlated with solids amount extracted during boiling and volume expansion of cooked rice. The major physicochemical properties of rice grain closely related to the palatability of cooked rice may be directly or indirectly associated with the retrogradation characteristics of cooked rice. The softer gel consistency and lower amylose content in milled rice revealed the higher ratio of popped rice and larger bulk density of popping. The stronger hardness of rice grain showed relatively higher ratio of popping and the more chalky or less translucent rice exhibited the lower ratio of intact popped brown rice. The potassium and magnesium contents of milled rice were negatively associated with gross score of noodle making mixed with wheat flour in half and the better rice for noodle making revealed relatively less amount of solid extraction during boiling. The more volume expansion of batters for making brown rice bread resulted the better loaf formation and more springiness in rice bread. The higher protein rices produced relatively the more moist white rice bread. The springiness of rice bread was also significantly correlated with high amylose content and hard gel consistency. The completely chalky and large gram rices showed better suitability for fermentation and brewing. Our breeding efforts on rice quality improvement for the future should focus on enhancement of palatability of cooked rice and marketing qualify as well as the diversification in morphological and physicochemical characteristics of rice grain for various value-added rice food processings.

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중풍환자(中風患者)의 불면증(不眠症)에 피내침(皮內針)의 유효성(有效性) 및 적응증(適應證) 평가(評價) (The Effect of Intradermal Acupuncture on The Patients suffering from Insomnia after Stroke)

  • 이상호;김은주;김이동;윤상필;이차로;홍진우;정동원;문상관;조기호;김영석
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.138-148
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    • 2004
  • Objective : Insomnia is the disorder of initiation or maintenance in sleeping that results in daytime sleepiness and dysfunction, and it arises from multiple psychological, physiological and environmental factors. A number of stroke patients suffer from insomnia are classified as sleep disorder patients with physical illness. In addition, insomnia may have profound deleterious effects on the natural course of stroke. We are to assess the effectiveness of intradermal acupucture on stroke combined with insomnia. Methods : We recruited hospitalized patients with insomnia after stroke. Then, the subjects were allocated into a treatment group and a control group by randomization. The treatment group received intradermal acupuncture therapy at He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) correctly. However in control group, intradermal acupuncture were just attached to He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) without insertion. Treatment over time at first day and second day a various indexes were repeatedly checked such as sleep latency, total sleep time, sleep quality, condition on awakening, ability of concentration, morning sleepiness, Insomnia Severity Index, and Athens Insomnia Scale. In the second analysis, we divided the treatment group into a response and a non-response group by their response to intradermal acupuncture. With the acupuncture treatment, accompanied symptoms were checked Results : Among thirty two subjects, two of them were dropped out: One complained the pain from needle insertion, and the other underwent the change of his herbal medication. At baseline investigation with the residual 30 subjects, the control and the treatment group were assessed to have an equal comparability. In the treatment group, sleep latency, total sleeping time, a number of awakenings, sleep quality and ability of concentration showed improvement significantly compared with the control group. The non-response Group showed symptoms such as nausea and halitosis, belching and acid regurgitation, abundant expectoration, while Responder Group showed palpitation, oppressed feelings in chest and sleep disorder. Conclusions: The result of this clinical study suggests that the intradermal acupuncture at He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) is one of the effective treatments for the insomnia after stroke.

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스포츠영재의 판별에 관한 고찰 (The review on the identification of the gifted child in the sports)

  • 신승윤
    • 영재교육연구
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.81-98
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    • 2001
  • 본 연구의 목적은 스포츠영재의 판별과 관련된 다양한 연구된 결과들을 고찰하여 스포츠영재를 판별하고, 육성할 수 있는 현실적 방안과 장기적으로 연구되어야 할 과제를 제시하는 것이다. 스포츠영재의 발굴과 육성에 관한 연구는 주로 구 동독과 구 소련 등의 공산권 국가들에서 이루어졌다. 이들의 보고서와 그 모델에 대한 평가논문 등이 본 과제의 주요 분석 대상들이었다. 이들 자료에 대한 분석을 근거로 다음과 같은 스포츠영재 선발방안을 제시하고자 한다. -선발시기와 관련하여서는, 1차선발과 2차선발의 2단계로 나누어 선발함이 타당하겠다. 1차선발은, 일반학교에서 교내스포츠영재집단을 형성하여 자기 잠재력의 검정과정을 거치게 함을 목적으로 하고, 2차선발은 드디어 특수목적학교로의 진학을 위한 선발검사로서 기능하도록 한다. -선발방법은 초기에는 잠재력중심으로 평가가 이루어져야 하며 성장과정에 따라 전문 종목의 특성을 고려하여야 한다. 그리고 선발의 구성요소로는 체력적 요소, 성장발육상태, 심리적 요소, 환경적 요소 등을 포괄적으로 고려하여야 한다. -육성체제는 초등학교 시기에는 학교내 스포츠영재집단 운영체제가 합당하고, 중학교부터는 특수목적학교를 운영하되 초, 중, 고의 인적 구성은 피라미드형이 되도록 하여야 한다. -스포츠영재의 교육과정은, 어린 나이일 때에는 기초적인 체력육성에 치중하고, 고학년이 되면서 점차 전문화되어 가도록 하여야 한다. -스포츠영재의 판별 및 육성과 관련하여 지속적인 연구가 요구되는 바, 다중지능(multiple intelligences : MI)적 접근으로 신체-운동감각적 지능(bodily-kinesthetic intelligence)의 구체화와 검사도구의 개발이 요구되며. 한편으로는 DNA분석을 통한 보다 엄밀한 유전적 소인을 판별할 수 있는 방안을 강구하여야 할 것이다.

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사고로 남편을 잃은 여성의 경험 (A Study on Woman's Experience of Being Bereaved of Her Husband by an Accident)

  • 박성학;최미혜;정연강
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.294-312
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    • 1996
  • Relatively young widows, who are left with young children by a sudden death of their husbands, will be faced with not only psychological troubles such as individual anxiety and frustration but also the dual burden of playing both father and mother roles in a family, Also, family members have difficulty in adapting themselves to new circumstances of the family system, the training and raising of family members, and management of the family economy. In this study, the realistic resources on the experience of middle-aged women who are bereaved of their husbands by accidents were explored. The purpose of this study is to help widows adapt to life in society and live a more positive life by setting a new goals and recovering from a lost and twisted life. 11 women, who have experienced the loss their husbands and live in the Seoul metropolitan area were studied. The research took 116 days from December 15, 1995 to April 8, 1996. The method of research was direct interviews. While having interviews with them, the contents were recorded with their consent. The ground theory was that used by Strauss & Corbin(1990) in the analysis of the data. 81 concepts were analyzed and they were subdirided into 22 subordinate categories through the course of the analysis. These were then classified into 9 general categories. In the course of being categorized, 'absurdity' was showed as a core category. The subordinate categories 'surprise', 'gloom', 'grudge', 'helplessness', 'emptiness', and 'loss' were united in the core category 'absurdity'. Ominous presentiment, belated notice, death, surprise, gloom, grudge, helplessness, emptiness, loss, the situation of the children, lack of support from neighbors, support from neighbors, mulling over ways to live, choosing a job, strengthening, reinforcement, burden, sadness, smoldering, yearning, overcoming these 22 subordinate categories were re-composed into 9 general ones the husband's death, absurdity, presence of children, existence of support, self-support ability, preparation of countermeasures, self-reinforcement, toilsomeness, and overcoming. 'Absurdity' widows experience was shown in the results of 'toilsomeness' and 'overcoming' through reaction, confrontation, and adaptation. According to the analysis the central phenomenon was absurdity, the causal condition of the death of a husband, the presence of children and the existence of support, and the meditated situation of self-support. To solve absurdity, the preparation of countermeasures and self-reinforcements were shown resulting in toilsomeness and overcoming. Through the contrast in the data, the following statements were deduced: (1) If the death of the husband is expected, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (2) The more children she has and the younger she is, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (3) The lower support she is given, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (4) The larger self-ability she has, the more actively she will prepare countermeasures. (5) The smaller self-ability she has, the more passively she will prepare countermeasures. (6) The larger self-ability she has, the weaker self-reinforcement she will preform. (7) The smaller self-ability she has, the stronger self-reinforcement she will perform. (8) The more actively she prepares countermeasures for absurdity, the better she will overcome. (9) The more passively she prepares counter measure for absurdity, the worse she will overcome. (10) The stronger self-reinforcement for absurdity she performs, the better she will overcome. (11) The weaker self-reinforcement for absurdity she performs, the worse she will overcome. Through the results in this study, the following suggested: 1) A study whose object is all family members, and a comparative study on the case of a husband who has lost his wife should be done. These studies can be expected to develop a more refined theory. 2) Because of the collapse of the extended family system and the changes of family culture in Korea, a widow's status and position are apt to be ambiguous between her husband's home and her parent's. Therefore a new study on family culture should be made. 3) A continuous study on growing social Self Help Groups should be requested for the widows of this study to re-establish and recover from their twisted and scattered lives.

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하해혼성(河海混成) 잠재특이산성토양(潛在特異酸性土壤)의 분포(分布)와 분류(分類) (Characterization and Classification of Potential Acid Sulfate Soils on Flood-plains)

  • 정연태;노영팔;백청오
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.173-179
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    • 1989
  • 영남일대(嶺南一帶)에서 조사(調査)한 "잠존특이산성토(潛存特異酸性土)"의 특성(特性)과 분포(分布) 및 분류(分類)에 대한 연구결과(硏究結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 하해혼성잠재특이산성토(河海混成潛在特異酸性土)는 범람원(氾濫原)(Flood plains)이나 강하류부(江下流部)에 퇴적(堆積)된 충적토로써 기층(基層) 2~4 m에 해당(該當)하는 배수불량(排水不良)한 환원상태(還元狀態)의 물리적미열성토층(物理的未熱成土層)(Physically unripened layer)이거나 그 직상층(直上層)으로서 유기물함량(有機物含量)이 상대적(相對的)으로 약간 높은 암색(暗色)의 세립질토층(細粒質土層)이었다. 2. 총유황함량(總硫黃含量)은 토층별(土層別) 0.45~0.90%이었으나 0.15%정도(程度)이드라도 석회함동(石灰含童)이 낮으면 $H_2O_2$ 산화후(酸化後)에는 강산성토층(强酸性土層)이 되었고 대부분(大部分)의 토층(土層)에서 $CaCO_3$ 환산량(換算量)이 총유황(總硫黃)보다 3배이하(倍以下)로써 잠재특이성토층(潛在特異性土層)(Potential acid sulfate layer)이었으나 남해안(南海岸)에 분포(分布)된 일부패각함유토층(一部貝殼含有土層)에서는 3배이상(倍以上)인 것도 있으며 이들은 $H_2O_2$ 산화(酸化) pH도 높았다. 3. 총유황함량(總硫黃含量)은 $H_2O_2$ 산화(酸化) pH와 유의(有意)한 부상관(負相關)이 있었고 또 유황함량(硫黃含量)이 많을수록 $H_2O_2$를 가(加)한 후(後) 격열(激烈)한 반응(反應)이 일어나는 시간(時間)도 짧았다. 4. 두께 20cm 이상의 함황토층(含黃土層)이 단면(斷面)4m이내(以內)에 출현(出現)되고 $CaCO_3$ 환산량(換算量)이 총유황(總硫黃)보다 3배이하(倍以下)이면서 총유황함량(總硫黃含量) 0.15~0.50 %인 때를 "약(弱)한 잠재특이산성토양(潛在特異酸性土壤)(토층(土層))", 0.50~0.75 %인 때를 "중간정도(中間程度)(중도(中度))잠재특이산성토양(潛在特異酸性土壤)(층(層))" 및 0.75 %이상(以上)인 것을 "강(强)한 잠재특이산성토양(潛在特異酸性土壤)(층(層))"이라 분류(分類)하는 실용적(實用的) 분류법(分類法)을 제안(提案)하였으며 경지정리(耕地整理) 등(等)의 토목공사실시지역(土木工事實施地域)은 사업(事業) 후(後) 문제점발생(問題點發生)을 예방(豫防)하고 토양관리(土壤管理)에 도움을 주고자 고정도(高精度) 정밀토괴조사(精密土壞調査)를 사업전(事業前)에 실시(實施)할 것을 제안(提案)하였다.

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