• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual electromyography (EMG) biofeedback on the EMG activity of the lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles, the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios, and the scapular upward rotation angle during scapular posterior tilting exercise (SPTE). Twenty-four subjects with round-shoulder posture participated in this study. The EMG activities of the LT, SA, and UT were collected during SPTE both without and with visual EMG biofeedback. The scapular upward rotation angle was measured at the baseline, after SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback, and after SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback. The LT, SA, and UT EMG activities, and the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios were analyzed by paired t-test. The scapular upward rotation angle was statistically analyzed using one-way repeated analysis of variance. If a significant difference was found, a Bonferroni correction was performed (p=.05/3=.017). The EMG activities of LT and SA significantly increased, and the EMG activity of UT significantly decreased during SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback compared to SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback (p<.05). In addition, the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios significantly increased during SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback compared to SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback (p<.05). Significant increases were found in the scapular upward rotation angle after SPTE without and with visual EMG biofeedback compared to baseline (p<.017), and no significant differences were observed in the scapular upward rotation angle between SPTE without and with visual EMG biofeedback. In conclusion, SPTE using visual EMG biofeedback may be an effective method for increasing LT and SA activities while reducing UT activity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationships among physical symptoms, activities of daily living, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A stratified random sampling method was conducted to recruit participants from May 10 to August 17, 2007. Physical symptoms were measured using the Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ), activities of daily living using the Late-Life Functional and Disability Instrument (LLFDI), and HRQoL using the Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) in 242 community-dwelling elderly Korean people. Results: The HRQoL correlates with the physical symptoms (r=-.31) and the function component (r=.59). Of the two disability parts of the LLFDI, the limitation dimension correlates higher (r=.57) with HRQoL than the frequency dimension (r=.42). The HRQoL is significantly associated with the function component, and disability limitation in capability which explained 44.4% of variance in physical health. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of physical symptoms, activities of daily living, and HRQoL in community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, health programs for prompting older adult's health should be planned based on results of the study.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 2011

This study was designed to empirically analyze the effect of control activities(physical, managerial and technical securities) of information protection on organizational effectiveness and the mediating effects of information application. The result was summarized as follows. First, the effect of control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) of information protection on organizational effectiveness showed that the physical, technical and managerial security factors have a significant positive effect on the organizational effectiveness(p < .01). Second, the effect of control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) of information protection on information application showed that the technical and managerial security factors have a significant positive effect on the information application(p < .01). Third, the explanatory power of models, which additionally put the information protection control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) and the interaction variables of information application to verify how the information protection control activities( physical, technical and managerial security controls) affecting the organizational effectiveness are mediated by the information application, was 50.6%~4.1% additional increase. And the interaction factor(${\beta}$ = .148, p < .01) of physical security and information application, and interaction factor(${\beta}$ = .196, p < .01) of physical security and information application among additionally-put interaction variables, were statistically significant(p < .01), indicating the information application has mediated the relationship between physical security and managerial security factors of control activities, and organizational effectiveness. As for results stated above, it was proven that physical, technical and managerial factors as internal control activities for information protection are main mechanisms affecting the organizational effectiveness very significantly by information application. In information protection control activities, the more all physical, technical and managerial security factors were efficiently well performed, the higher information application, and the more information application was efficiently controlled and mediated, which it was proven that all these three factors are variables for useful information application. It suggested that they have acted as promotion mechanisms showing a very significant result on the internal customer satisfaction of employees, the efficiency of information management and the reduction of risk in the organizational effectiveness for information protection by the mediating or difficulty of proved information application.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was to examine the differences in muscle activities for some muscles of the legs used in a broad jump after applying tape to healthy people. The purpose of this study was to improve the exercising ability of patients and athletes during the rehabilitation training. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: The experimental group was attached with the Kinesio tape on Rectus femoris, Biceps femoris and Gastrocnemius. Before doing broad jumping, they had stretching with the following order. And we measured broad jumps five times. We gave the rest period between trials. After every trial was measured, they were performed to cool-down exercise with the same way of warm-up exercise. And the control group did the same exercises as the experimental group except for attaching the Kinesio tape on muscles. Results: The results of Rectus femoris, Biceps femoris and Gastrocnemius activities according to tape application of femoris muscle were significantly increased (p<.05) compared to untreated group. Conclusion: Therefore, Kinesio tape has an effect on the improvement of the broad jump recorded by affecting the increase in muscle activities.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.146-150
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of active vibration exercise on trunk muscle activity, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty-four patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=12) or a control (n=12) group. The experimental group performed an active vibration exercise workout for 20 minutes a day five times a week for 4 weeks using a flexi-bar. Trunk muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Balance was measured using the Berg balance scale. Activities of daily living were measured using the functional independence measure. Results: The intragroup comparison showed significant differences in the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscle activity values, Berg balance scale score, and functional independence measurement values in the experimental group. The intergroup comparison showed that differences in the rectus abdominis and internal oblique external oblique muscle values, Berg balance scale score, and functional independence measurement value for the experimental group were significantly related to those in the control group. Conclusion: Based on these results, this study proved that the active vibration exercise effectively improved trunk muscle activity, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.388-392
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• 2012

Purpose: Muscle imbalance between upper trapezius (UT) and serratus anterior (SA) during arm elevation is a factor causing shoulder dysfunction. However, there is no study to compare the muscle activities of the UT and middle deltoid (MD). The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activities of the UT and MD between with and without elevation of shoulder girdle (ESG) during shoulder abduction. Methods: The subjects without (control group=9) or with (ESG group=8) participated in this study. The muscle activities of the UT and MD were measured using a electromyography during $90^{\circ}$ shoulder abducted position in both group. The data in middle of 3-second of the 5-second periods were used. The mean value of three trials was used in the data analysis. For each muscle, independent t-tests were performed to compare for group differences. Results: The muscle activity of UT was significantly greater in ESG group, compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). The muscle activity of MD was significantly smaller in ESG group, compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings showed that low muscle activation of MD as well as SA may contribute to hyperactivity of UT during arm elevation.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of the functions of GMFM and ICF-CY on the activities and participation of ICF-CY sub-items. Design: Cross-sectional study. Method: This study compared and analyzed 95 children with cerebral palsy [type of CP: spasticity 86 (90.5%), hypotonia 4 (4.2%), mixed 5 (5.3%); type of palsy: quadriplegia 13 (13.7%), diplegia 71 (74.7%), hemiplegia 11 (11.6%)] using sub-items of functions, activities and participation from GMFM and ICF-CY. Result: The results show that the activities and participation of ICF-CY (9 sub-items) have significant effect on the functions of GMFM and ICF-CY (8 sub-items) (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is intended to provide data to establish practical therapeutic goals and interventions for functions, activities and participation, which are sub-categories of ICF-CY in cerebral palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2011

Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effects of landing heights on muscle activities and ground reaction force during drop landing. Methods: Sixteen healthy adults were recruited along with their written informed consent. They performed a drop-landing task at the height of 20, 40, and 60cm. They completed three trials in each condition and biomechanical changes were measured. The data collected by each way of landing task and analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Ground reaction forces were measured by force flate, muscle activities measured by MP150 system. Results: There were significant differences in ground reaction forces, and significant increases in muscle activities of tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and biceps femoris with landing heights. Conclusion: These findings revealed that heights of landing increases risk factors of body damage because of biomechanical mechanism and future studies should focus on prevention from damage of external conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of muscle activities during level walking, stairs and ramp climbing in hemiplegic patients. Methods: Eight hemiplegic patients were recruited and agreed to participate in this study. Muscle activity was measured by MP100 system (BIOPAC System Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA). Statistical analysis was used as a one-way repeated measure of ANOVA to know the difference according to the gait conditions (level walking, stairs and ramp ascending). Results: In the swing phase, muscle activity of rectus femoris muscle, with the side lower extremities affected, were generally significantly different in the stair and ramp ascending. In addition, biceps femoris muscle with unaffected side lower extremity was generally significantly different in the ramp ascending. In the swing phase, muscle activity of tibialis anterior muscle with unaffected side lower extremities was generally showed a significant difference in the ramp ascending. In the stance phase, climbing stairs and ramps showed an increase in the muscle activities. Further, climbing the stairs increased muscle activities of the gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion: These findings indicate that compared with the level walking climbing stairs, ramps and muscle activities of lower extremity during each showed different results. It can be seen that in accordance with the terms of gait are different muscles group recruitment.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in electromyographic (EMG) activities of upper limb muscles between cross- and parallel-aligned taping and to compare the effects of these 2 taping methods in healthy adults. Thirty subjects, who volunteered for this study, were tested under 3 taping conditions in random order: (1) no taping, (2) cross-aligned taping, and (3) parallel-aligned taping. EMG activities of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, and extensor carpi radialis muscles were measured. All muscles showed significant differences in EMG activity among the 3 conditions (p<.05). In the post hoc test, biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles showed significant differences in EMG activity between the no taping and the cross-aligned taping conditions and between the no taping and the parallel-aligned taping conditions. Additionally, the EMG activities of the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis muscles appeared to be significantly different between the no taping and parallel-aligned taping conditions. These findings demonstrate that taping may be helpful for decreasing muscle activity, regardless of the direction of tape application. This study provides useful information to future researchers regarding the effects of taping on muscle activity.