• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.2015-2028
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• 2014

We analyzed with HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis photosynthetic pigments and environmental factors, microscopic observations of the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the seawater every month from February 2009 to November 2010 in Haengam Bay. The level of dissolved inorganic nutrients was the highest between July and September, when freshwater influx was at its peak, whereas chlorophyll a levels were the highest in April and August. Also, phytoplankton pigment concentration increased when dissolved inorganic nutrients are carried into nearshore waters by rainfall runoff. Based on identification of phytoplankton and photosynthetic pigments results, diatoms were mainly dominant while dinoflagellate populations increased at July and August 2009, May 2010. The zooplankton communities are dominated in terms of Noctiluca scintillans. The contribution of Noctiluca scintillans in 2010 accounts for approximately 77.3% of the total zooplankton. Distribution patterns over time of zooplankton in the seasonal distribution of phytoplankton showed a different pattern.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2012

To understand the phytoplankton community in the eastern part of the Yellow Sea (EYS), in the summer, field survey was conducted at 25 stations in June 2009, and water samples were analyzed using a epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and HPLC method. The EYS could be divided into four areas by a cluster analysis, using phytoplankton group abundances: coastal mixing area, Anma-do area, transition water, and the central Yellow Sea. In the coastal mixing area, water column was well mixed vertically, and phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates and nanoflagellates, showing high abundance ($>10^5\;cells\;l^{-1}$). In Anma-do coastal waters characterized by high dominance of dinoflagellates, high phytoplankton abundance and biomass separated from other coastal mixing area. The southeastern upwelling area was expanded from Jin-do to Heuksan-do, by a tidal mixing and coastal upwelling in the southern area of Manjae-do, and phytoplankton was dominated by benthic diatoms, nanoflagellates and Synechococcus group in this area. Phytoplankton abundance and biomass dominated by pico- and nanophytoplankton were low values in the transition waters and the central Yellow Sea. In the surface of the central Yellow Sea, high dominance of photosynthetic pigments, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and zeaxanthin implies that haptophytes and cyanobacteria could be the dominant group during the summer. These results indicate that the phytoplankton communities in the EYS were significantly affected by the formation of tidal front, thermal stratification, and coastal upwelling showing the differences of physical and chemical characteristics during the summer.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.403-407
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• 1986

벼의 엽색은 시비시기를 결정하는데 주요한 인자로써 가시부 영역에서 해석하고, 이들 엽색을 지배하는 광합성색소는 T.L.C.로 분리하여 검토하였다. 1. 벼의 엽색은 413, 432, 453nm(청색부)와 662nm(적색부)에서 흡광되였고, 그 중에서 최대흡광은 432, 662 nm 이었다. 2. 양흡광도비(청색부/적색부)는 벼 생태형간에는 근 차이는 없었으나. 비료간에는 비료양이 증가할수록 적었다. 3. 양흡광도비와 엽색도 및 엽록소함량과는 부의 유의상관이 인정되었다. 4. 광합성색소 조성비율은 출수기에서는 녹색계통색소, 출수후 30일에는 황색계통색소의 조성비율이 각각 컸다. 5. 벼 생태형별 광합성색소율 Chl. a의 조성비율은 출수기에는 다수계품종이 일반계품종보다 컸고, 출수후 30일에는 일반계품종이 다수계품종보다 컸으나, carotene는 그 반대이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.153-170
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• 1996

멕시코 만에서 1987~1988년에 부유 및 칩강입자에 존재하는 광합성 색소 및 그 분해산물은 HPLC를 이용하여 측정하였다. 클로로필과 카로틴계열 및 그 분해산물의 단기 침하율이 Cold-Core Ring 과 Warm-Core Ring에서 비교 분석되었다. 클로로필 a는 CCR과 WCR에서 공통적으로 우세한 포르피린이었으며 카로틴계열 색소 중에는 19'-hwxanoyloxyfucoxanthin이 우세하였다. 초식자의 섭이과정에서 생성되는 것으로 알려진 phaeophobide a가 조사지역 침강입자에 우세하게 나타나는 분해색소 이었따. CCR에서의 전체색소 침하율은 WCR보다 한단게 높게 나타났다. WCR에서 색소현존량은 하루에 1% 이하가 유광밖으로 침하 되었는데 이 사실은 멕시코 만에서 부유고형입자의 재순환은 빠르게 일어나고 있지 않음을 의미한다.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2021

Increasing inputs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to northern lakes is resulting in 'lake browning.' Lake browning profoundly affects phytoplankton community composition by modifying two important environmental drivers-light and nutrients. The impact of increased DOM on native isolates of red and green-pigmented cyanobacteria identified as Pseudanabaena, which emerged from a Dolichospermum bloom (Dickson Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada) in 2015, were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. The genomes were sequenced to identify phylogenetic relatedness and physiological similarities, and the physical and chemical effects of increased DOM on cellular performance and competitiveness were assessed. Our study findings were that the isolated red and green phenotypes are two distinct species belonging to the genus Pseudanabaena; that both isolates remained physiologically unaffected when grown independently under defined DOM regimes; and that neither red nor green phenotype achieved a competitive advantage when grown together under defined DOM regimes. While photosynthetic pigment diversity among phytoplankton offers niche-differentiation opportunities, the results of this study illustrate the coexistence of two distinct photosynthetic pigment phenotypes under increasing DOM conditions.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2024

The present communication deals with the standardization of suitable medium formulation along with anaerobically digested cow's urine (ADCU) for growth of Spirulina subsalsa. Growth was evaluated on the basis of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigment. The results obtained from the study indicated that, SSM-1 and SSM-2 media are suitable for maximum synthesis of chlorophyll-α and carotenoids. The obtained results also indicated that SSM-5 medium is suitable for maximum synthesis of accessory light harvesting pigments phycobiliprotein, total carbohydrate, total protein and total lipid in S. subsalsa. From the study it could be concluded that all the five media combinations (viz. SSM-1, SSM-2, SSM-3, SSM-4 and SSM-5) would be suitable for mass cultivation of S. subsalsa. But among them, SSM-5 medium combination could be the most suitable medium.

• 화훼연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

산수국 삽목묘의 알맞은 육묘과정의 차광정도를 구명하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 흑색 차광망을 사용하여 0%(무차광), 55%(1겹), 74%(2겹), 95%(3겹)로 광도를 달리하여 재배하였다. 신초장, 절간장의 생장은 55% 차광구에서 기장 높게 나타났다. 신초폭, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수, 줄기직경, 잎과 줄기의 생체중 및 건물중 모두 55% 차광구에서 높아 신초의 생육에 가장 적절한 차광수준으로 판단되었다.55% 차광구에서 엽세포 간극의 $CO_2$ 농도는 가장 낮게 나타난 반면 광합성률은 가장 높게 나타나 광합성 효율이 가장 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 엽록소는 무차광에 비해 모든 차광구에서 높게 나타났고, 카로티노이드는 74% 차광구에서 가장 높고 무차광구에서 가장 낮았다. 잎 상부는 기공이 관찰되지 않았고 잎 하부에서는 모든 처리구에서 관찰되었으나, 특히 55% 차광에서 기공의 밀도와 발달이 양호하였다. 반면에 95% 차광에서 자란 잎은 기공밀도가 낮고 기공의 발달도 저조하였다. 결과적으로 산수국 삽목묘의 육묘 괴정에서 55% 차광이 신초생장에 가장 효율적이었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2003

The UV-B sensitivity was tested for the intertidal species Chondrus ocellatus from Korea, by measuring photosynthesis estimated as effective quantum yield ($\Phi_{PSII}$) of photosystem II (PS II), growth and content and composition of photosynthetic pigments and UV-absorbing pigments (UVAPs). The $$\Phi_{PSII}$ of the alga decreased with increasing time of exposure to UV-B radiation, followed by fast and nearly full recovery indicating dynamic photoinhibiton. Fresh weight-based growth and pigment contents of C. ocellatus were not seriously affected by UV-B radiation. A single broad peak at 327 nm was obtained from methanol extracts of C. ocellatus, and the absorbance peak increased with increasing UV. The single peak was resolved into three peaks (311, 330 and 336 nm) by the fourth -derivative, and quantitative change in response to UV-B radiation occurred only at 330 nm. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of purified extracts indicated that three MAAs (mycosporine-like amino acids) are present, asterina 330, palythine and shinorine. Field observations during three growing months showed that C. ocellatus exhibit the highest amount of UVAPs in May followed by July and little trace in September, coinciding with the species' phenology. In an ecological context, dynamic photoinhibition as well as accumulation of UVAPs may enable the shallow water red alga C. ocellatus to be well adapted to high UV-B environments.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

The deteriorative effect of ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation on photosynthesis was assessed by the simultaneous measurement of O$_2$ evolution and chlorophyll(Chl) fluorescence in green pepper. UV-B was given at the intensity of 1 W$.$m$\^$-2/, a dosage often encountered in urban area of Seoul in Korea, to detached leaves. Both Pmax and quantum yield of O$_2$ evolution was rapidly decreased, in a parallel phase, with increasing time of UV-B treatment. Chl fluorescence parameters were also significantly affected. Fo was increased while both Fm and Fv were decreased. Photochemical efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm) was also declined, although to a lesser extent than Pmax. Both qP and NPQ were decreased similarly with increasing time of UV-B treatment. However, PS I remained stable. The addition of lincomycin prior to UV-B treatment accelerated the decline in Fv/Fm to some extent, suggesting that D1 protein turnover may play a role in overcoming the harmful effect of UV-B. The amount of photosynthetic pigments was less affected than photosynthetic response in showing decline in Chl a and carotenoids after 24 h-treatment. Presumptive flavonoid contents, measured by changes in absorbance at 270 nm , 300 nm and 330nm, were all increased by roughly 50% after 8 h-treatment. Among antioxidant enzymes, activities of catalase and peroxidase were steadily increased until 12h of UV-B treatment whereas ascorbate perxidase, dehydroascorvate reductase and glutathione reductase did not show any significant change. The results indicate that deteriorative effect of UV-B on photosynthesis precedes the protection exerted by pigment synthesis and antioxidant enzymes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1990

In order to Investigate the mechanism of the leaf-burning disease of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), studies on the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and the photooxidation of the pigments were carried out in comparison with the ones of soybean (G1ycine max L). The studies were mainly focalized on the effects of light intensity, light intensity, inhibitor and electron donor/acceptor of the Photosynthetic electron transport system. When we measured the amounts of 1O2 generated in the thylakoids of ginseng and soybean by the irradiation of light (300 w/m2) as a function its time. It was identified that a higher amount of 1O2 was formed in the ginseng thylakoid than the case of soybean. A generation ratio of lO2 between ginseng and soybean sltbstantially identical in the range of light intensities 50∼150w/m2 However much higher amount of 1O2 was generated in ginseng by irradiation of strong intensity of light (200 500w/m2). Wave length dependency on the generation of 1O2 and the pigment photooxidation was observed on ginseng thylakoids; red light (600-700 nm) gave a maximum effect in the contrast with blur green light (400-60 nm). When the ginseng thylalioid was treated with the electron donor (Mn2+) and acceptors (DCPIP, FeCy) of the photosynthetic electron transport system. a drastic inhibition of 1O2 generation was observed. However, treatment with its inhibitors (DCMU, KCW) activated 1O2 generation. An interesting fact that an electron donor or acceptor of the photosystem II(P680) Inhibited 1O2 generation, suggests an intimate relationship between 1O2 generation and photosystem II.